scholarly journals Water stress resistance of the new self-pollinated maize lines and hybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
N. А. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Drought Resistant

The directions of the economic use of maize are different, namely fodder, food, technical. Considering that maize belongs to mesophytes, the most harmful stress factor for it is drought. The breeding maize for drought tolerance is considered the most important direction for this crop. The purpose of the current paper was to present study results of the drought resistance of the initial material, namely the self-pollinated maize lines and hybrids. The study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the zone of insufficient moisture in 2018–2020. Drought tolerance was determined by the method of residual water deficit (RWD). As an initial material, there were used 24 self-pollinated maize lines and 50 test-cross hybrids. There have been identified the new drought-resistant middle-early and middle-ripening self-pollinated lines ‘KS 317 A’,’ KV 240’, ‘LSh 16’, ‘S 86’, ‘LSh 17’ and ‘LSh 2’, ‘SP 246 / 276-2’, ‘DS 498 / 203-4’, ‘DS 298 / 203-3’, ‘DS 257 / 85-0’, ‘SP 280-3’, ‘KB 373’, which had a low residual water deficit in the flowering phase (7.7–10.4%) and did not significantly increase it during the period from vegetation to milky-wax ripeness (up to 10,3–12.6%). The drought-resistant hybrids include ‘Stepnyak MV’, ‘GK 26 AM × DS 257 / 85-0’, ‘P 101 × Zp 498 A’, ‘KB 399 × S 232’, ‘GK 26 AM × KB 373’, ‘GK 26 AM × SP 246 / 276-2’, ‘C 204 × KS 318’. They were characterized by a low water deficit during the flowering period (7.4–10.4%) and its low increase (1.4–3.7%) during the growing season. Drought-resistant hybrids, as a rule, included drought-resistant lines. According to the results of the State Variety Testing, the new middle-ripening three-line maize hybrid ‘Stepnyak MV’ ((KB 262 M × KB 326 ZM) × KB 498 MV)), developed on the basis of the drought-resistant lines ‘KB 262 M’ and ‘KB 498 MV’, has been included into the State Register since 2019. The hybrid possessed a high grain yield (4.55 t/ha) in the dry years of 2018–2020. it was characterized by high values of the main economically valuable traits, such as high resistance to lodging (0.5% of lodged plants), high starch content in grain (72.0%), optimum grain moisture (14.0%) by the harvesting time.

scholarly journals DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF THE NEW SELF-POLLINATED LINES OF MAIZE AND THE METHODS OF ITS ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
G.Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
◽  
N.A. Shevchenko ◽  
A.S. Ignatiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Tolerance Index

More than half of the maize crops in the Russian Federation are located in areas with insufficient and unstable moisture. With this in mind, Z. mays breeding for drought tolerance is extremely important. The purpose of the current study is: investigate the drought tolerance of self-pollinated maize lines by various methods, identify the best samples for further breeding, establish indirect criteria for estimating drought tolerance. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region, which is characterized by unstable moisture. The years of the study turned out to be dry (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) = 0.32–0.89). The new self-pollinated lines of maize were used as initial material and studied for resistance to water stress (41 pcs. in 2011–2013, 39 pcs. in 2015–2017, 25 pcs. in 2018–2020). According to the guidelines for maize breeding, the following indicators of productivity were taken into account: number of ears per plant, weight of one ear, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per ear, etc. In 2011–2013, based on the comprehensive estimation, new middle-early drought-tolerant self-pollinated lines of maize ‘DK47111’, ‘SP203’, ‘KS211’, ‘S204’ and ‘S238’ were identified. They were characterized by the low values of residual water deficit both in the flowering (6.9 – 12.8%) and milk-wax (9.0 – 13.4%) stage, high drought tolerance index (68.6 – 85.6%), deep root system (force of uprooting the plants from the ground was 54.0–67.7 kgf), minimum gap in the flowering of male and female inflorescences (1–2 days). In 2015–2017, according to the method of residual water deficit (RWD), the following lines were identified ‘KV334’, ‘RD6’, ‘DS498/217-4’, ‘DS257/85-3’, ‘DS257/85-1’, ‘DS257/85-6’, ‘DS257/85-4’. In 2018–2020, the new self-pollinated lines of maize ‘KS317A’, ‘KV240’, ‘LSh16’, ‘S86’, ‘LSh17’ and ‘LSh2’ showed high resistance to water stress. We recommend the following selection criteria when creating new lines: absence of infertility and kernel percentage of the ears.

scholarly journals The effect of arid growing conditions on water deficit and chlorophyll content of the winter wheat varieties with various productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
E. V. Ionova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Relevance. The current paper has presented the study results of the effect of arid growing conditions on water deficit and foliage pigment (chlorophyll) of winter wheat varieties with various productivity.Methods. The study was conducted in 2017–2019. The objects of study were the winter durum wheat varieties ‘Eyrena’, ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘Yakhont’, ‘Yantarina’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Lazurit’ developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. There have been used such methods in the current study as the testing of varieties on drought tolerance in conditions of simulated drought (“zasushnik”) proposed by V.V. Maimistov (1988); the method of identification of chlorophyll content in winter wheat leaves proposed by I.G. Shmatko (1976); the method of identification of residual water deficit proposed by L.S. Litvinov (1988).Results. According to the study results there have been identified the most stable, productive winter wheat varieties ‘Yantarina’ and ‘Lazurit’, which possess mechanisms of adaptation to the water stress conditions. The varieties ‘Yantarina’ and ‘Lazurit’ also possess large productivity and chlorophyll content, as well as the smallest rise of residual water deficit in the increasing aridity with 169.7 and 159.5 g/m2, 1.4 and 1.9 mg/100 g of raw weight, 24.6 and 25.7%, respectively.

scholarly journals The changes of adaptability and productivity of the winter bread wheat varieties in arid conditions according to the stages of variety changing

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Е. V. Ionova ◽  
V. А. Likhovidova ◽  
V. L. Gaze
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Drought Resistant

The current paper has presented the study results on the change of adaptability to water and temperature stresses and the value of productivity according to the stages of variety changing. There have been selected 13 winter bread wheat varieties developed in the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. It was found that the varieties of the first stages of the variety changing (I–IV stage, 1950–1989) practically did not differ in the degree of drought tolerance and the value of productivity of winter bread wheat. In this regard, there was carried out an analysis of changes in the adaptability of winter wheat varieties starting from the V stage of the variety changing. The degree of drought tolerance increased from the weakly-medium drought-resistant varieties (37.4–51%) belonging to the V stage of the variety changing to highly drought-resistant samples (80.4–93.3%) belonging to the VII stage of the variety changing. There was a significant productivity increase of the winter bread wheat varieties zoned from 2010 to 2019 (the VII stage of the variety changing). The largest number of stomata per unit of leaf area in the V stage of the variety changing was identified in the variety ‘Don 95’ (12.2 pcs/mm2). In the VI stage of the variety changing, the largest value of this indicator was identified in the variety ‘Don 105’ (18.8 pcs/mm2), and in the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ (26.9 pcs/mm2) in the VII stage of the variety changing. The dry weight of roots of the varieties of the V stage of the variety changing varied from 1.18 (the variety ‘Donshchina’) to 1.41 g (the variety ‘Don 95’), while in varieties of the VI stage this indicator varied from 1.97 (the variety ‘Donskoy Mayak’) to 2.29 g (the variety ‘Don 105’), and the largest dry weight of roots was identified at the VII stage of the variety changing and ranged from 2.34 (the variety ‘Don 107’) to 2.79 (the variety ‘Asket’). The same regularity was established for the change in the amount of roots according to the stages of variety changing.

The advantages of new Sudan grass “Alisa”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Ковтунова ◽  
А. Алабушев ◽  
А. Романюкин ◽  
Е. Шишова ◽  
В. Ковтунов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The North

Одной из задач сельского хозяйства является увеличение производства кормов для животных, улучшение их качества и питательности. Большую роль при этом играют однолетние кормовые культуры, среди которых по жаро и засухоустойчивости, неприхотливости к почвам, стабильной урожайности следует выделить суданскую траву. В Государственный реестр селекционных достижений к 2018 году включён 41 сорт суданской травы, восемь из которых рекомендованы для возделывания в СевероКавказском регионе. Современные сорта суданской травы позволяют получать до 4045 т/га зелёной массы за сезон (дватри укоса). Отмечая успехи в селекции суданской травы, следует признать, что имеющийся ассортимент сортов необходимо расширить новыми сортами, обладающими лучшими качествами. В связи с этим целью работы являлось создание среднеспелого сорта суданской травы с высокой адаптивностью, обеспечивающего прибавку урожайности зелёной массы 24 т/га. Исследования выполнены в ФГБНУ АНЦ Донской в соответствии с Методикой Государственной комиссии по сортоиспытанию сельскохозяйственных культур. Создан новый среднеспелый сорт суданской травы Алиса. Растения высокорослые, при созревании достигают высоты 215 см, хорошо облиственные (3545), сухо и тонкостебельные (0,61,0 см), кустистые, ко второму укосу формируют до трёхпяти стеблей на растении. Сорт отличается повышенной интенсивностью начального роста и послеукосного отрастания, устойчивостью к засухе. Средняя урожайность зелёной массы в конкурсном испытании составила 42 т/га, абсолютно сухого вещества 10,8 т/га, что превысило показатели стандарта Александрина соответственно на 5 и 1,5 т/га. В 20172018 годах сорт Алиса успешно прошёл государственное сортоиспытание на 22 сортоучастках в трёх регионах России. One of the objectives of agriculture is to increase the production of animal feed, and improve their quality and nutritional value.A major role is played by annual forage crops like Sudan grass, which has good heat and drought tolerance,adaptability to soil conditions and stable yield. By 2018, 41 varieties of Sudan grass were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, 8 of which were recommended for the North Caucasian region. Modern varieties of Sudan grass can produce up to 4045 t ha1 of green mass per season (2 or 3 cuts). The existing range of Sudan grass varieties should be increased with new varieties that have better qualities. In this regard, the aim of the work was to create a midseason variety of Sudan grass with high adaptability, providing an increase in green mass yield by 24 t ha1. The studies were carried out at the State Scietific Establishment Agricultural Research Center Donskoy(SSE ARC Donskoy) in accordance with the Methodology of the State Commission for CropTesting . The new midseason variety of Sudan grass Alisa has been created. Plants are tall (up to 215 cm), well leafy (3545), have dry and fine stems (0.61.0 cm), and form up to 35 stems on the plant by the second cut. The variety is characterized by increased intensity of initial growth, fast regrowth after cutting and drought tolerance. The average yield of green mass in competitive trial was 42 t ha1, absolute dry matter yield was 10.8 t ha1, which exceeds the standard Alexandrina by 5 and 1.5 t ha1, respectively. During the years 20172018, Alisa successfully passed the State variety trial on 22 locations in 3 regions of Russia.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE LUPIN VARIETIES WITH IMPROVED DROUGHT RESISTANCE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мария Захарова ◽  
Maria Zakharova ◽  
Михаил Лукашевич ◽  
Mikhail Lukashevich ◽  
Татьяна Свириденко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
The State ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
State List

The article presents the estimation of white lupin breeding material for drought resistance at seed growing in the osmotic — sucrose solution. Promising drought resistant lines with a set of economic-and-biological characters have been selected. The varieties Mitchurinskiy and Piligrim have been developed on its base and are listed in the State List of Agricultural Achievements.

Evaluation of collection accessions of fodder grasses for economical traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
L.Z. Baistruk-Hlodan ◽  
M.M. Khomiak ◽  
G.Z. Zhapaleu ◽  
G.L. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The State ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
State Register ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Resource Collection ◽  
Fodder Grasses

The goal was to include new accessions of perennial leguminous and cereal grasses to the collection, to evaluate them in terms of a set of valuable morphological and economic features and to identify sources of these features for breeding.Results and discussion. The collections of gene pool accessions created due to introduction of cultivars and wild forms as well as breeding accessions identified during practical breeding serve as initial material for the breeding of red clover, alsike clover and cock's-foot in the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region. For the period of 2000-2017, 944 accessions of forage grasses registered in the Central Database were included in the collection: 405 legumes (red clover – 161, alsike clover – 11) and 539 cereals (cock's-foot – 145); 591 accessions were stored in the National Depository. In-depth studies of morphological and economic traits of the accessions allowed us to create and to register a basic collection of the forage grasses gene pool, a trait collection of red clover for yield and resistance to powdery mildew (it includes 52 accessions from 5 countries), a trait collection of cock's-foot for yield and resistance to unfavorable factors (49 accessions from 8 countries) and to register valuable red clover accession No. 193 and cock's-foot accession Drogobychanka Piznia with the NCPGRU. Based on the collection accessions, varieties were created and included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine: red clover Truskavchanka since 2016, alsike clover Prydnistrovska since 2002, cock's-foot Marichka since 2014. Since 2015, red clover variety Ukrainochka and cock's-foot variety Boikivchanka have been tested in the state scientific expert evaluation.Conclusions. The creation of the genetic resource collection allowed us to study and analyze the genetic potential of the species, to identify initial material with valuable economical traits, which will significantly increase the efficiency of fodder grasses breeding.

scholarly journals Genotype and environment interaction of sweetpotato varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
HC Mohanta ◽  
Z Alam ◽  
S Naznin ◽  
S Begum
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Main Effect

The article presents results of additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype (G) main effect and genotype by environment (GE) interaction (G × GE) biplot analysis of a multi environmental trial (MET) data of 15 sweetpotato varieties released from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute conducted during 2015–2018. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on tuber yield and to identify stable sweetpotato genotypes over the years. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with three replications at Gazipur location. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the main effects due to genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant. The contribution of genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction to the total variation in tuber yield was about 60.16, 10.72 and 12.82%, respectively. The first two principal components obtained by singular value decomposition of the centred data of yield accounted for 100% of the total variability caused by G × GE. Out of these variations, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 71.5% and 28.5% of variability, respectively. The study results identified BARI Mistialu- 5, BARI Mistialu- 14 and BARI Mistialu- 15 as the closest to the “ideal” genotype in terms of yield potential and stability. Varieties ‘BARI Mistialu- 8, BARI Mistialu- 11 and BARI Mistialu- 12’ were also selected as superior genotypes. BARI Mistialu- 3 and BARI Mistialu- 13 was comparatively low yielder but was stable over the environment. Among them BARI Mistialu-12, BARI Mistialu-14 and BARI Mistialu-15 are rich in nutrient content while BARI Mistialu-8 and BARI Mistialu-11 are the best with dry matter content and organoleptic taste. Environments representing in 1st and 3rd year with comparatively short vectors had a low discriminating power and environment in 2nd year was characterized by a high discriminating power. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 501-512, September 2019

Forensic and pharmaceutical analysis of addictive morbidity because of the use of psychoactive substances in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
V. V. Shapovalov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Gudzenko ◽  
V. A. Shapovalova ◽  
V. V. Shapovalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Security Management ◽  
The State ◽  
State Management ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Significant Factors

Introduction. Modern turbulent state of society actualizes need for scientifically based methods and technological solutions to improve the information security system not only for the state, but also for society and the person in particular. Objective. To highlight the significant factors of information security of social development and to study the role of public admini-stration in the context of the actualization of information threats and risks. Study results. The article considers the essence of state management approaches to information security based on interpretation in terms of risk management. Information security is presented as a dynamic system that needs balance. Balance can be disturbed by external and internal factors. The 8 most significant factors that need to be taken into account to develop effective models of public administration in the field of information security are identified. 4 paradigms of information security management (systemic, synergetic, phenomenological and cognitive) which can be involved are considered. However, they are not universal and separate in any particular case, that is they are systemic in nature, and security management should be based on their integrated application depending on the situation and the specifics of the management process. Based on the analysis of the classical model of maintaining the state balance of a dynamic system, it is concluded that it can be used to ensure information security. A model is proposed to explain the reasons for the imbalance of the dynamic system of information security under the action of factors of influence and the risks that accompany them, and to determine the measures of public administration to ensure it. Conclusion. The model is proposed to explain the reasons for the imbalance of the dynamic system of information security under the action of factors of influence and the risks that accompany them, and to determine the measures of public administration to ensure it. Key words: Information security; Information security factors; Society; Public administration; Information security model.

Factors of information security of social development in public administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
O. A. Panchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Security Management ◽  
The State ◽  
State Management ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Significant Factors

Introduction. Modern turbulent state of society actualizes need for scientifically based methods and technological solutions to improve the information security system not only for the state, but also for society and the person in particular. Objective. To highlight the significant factors of information security of social development and to study the role of public admini-stration in the context of the actualization of information threats and risks. Study results. The article considers the essence of state management approaches to information security based on interpretation in terms of risk management. Information security is presented as a dynamic system that needs balance. Balance can be disturbed by external and internal factors. The 8 most significant factors that need to be taken into account to develop effective models of public administration in the field of information security are identified. 4 paradigms of information security management (systemic, synergetic, phenomenological and cognitive) which can be involved are considered. However, they are not universal and separate in any particular case, that is they are systemic in nature, and security management should be based on their integrated application depending on the situation and the specifics of the management process. Based on the analysis of the classical model of maintaining the state balance of a dynamic system, it is concluded that it can be used to ensure information security. A model is proposed to explain the reasons for the imbalance of the dynamic system of information security under the action of factors of influence and the risks that accompany them, and to determine the measures of public administration to ensure it. Conclusion. The model is proposed to explain the reasons for the imbalance of the dynamic system of information security under the action of factors of influence and the risks that accompany them, and to determine the measures of public administration to ensure it. Key words: Information security; Information security factors; Society; Public administration; Information security model.

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