scholarly journals Delevopment of kinesitherapy in France during 1914– 1969

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
M. Danylevych ◽  
O. Romanchuk ◽  
R. Koval ◽  
M. Stefanyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

Nowadays the development of medicine and rehabilitation in Ukraine is especially important for society. Leading Ukrainian specialists are acquainting the foreign experience, in particular, French one, and use the best achievements in daily practice. The purpose of the article is to analyze the history of kinesitherapy in France from 1914 till 1969. The obtained results can be used to supplement and expand courses in higher education institutions of medical and physical culture and sports profile. The scientific novelty of the paper consists in the fact that for the first time in the Ukrainian educational system the history of kinesitherapy in France in the twentieth century will be presented. To achieve this purpose the complex of scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-typological and historical-systemic) methods have been used. Results. It was found that the consequences of the First and Second World Wars had a significant impact on the development of kinesitherapy in France. The use of massage and remedial gymnastics contributed to the processes of rehabilitation and functional recovery of the wounded people. The profession of masseur-kinesitherapist was officially founded in France in 1946, April 30. It was the combination of massage, remedial gymnastics, functional recovery and physiotherapy. The professional training of masseurs-kinesitherapists at schools lasted two years. The main attention was paid to the peculiarities of the use of massage in combination with physical therapy in traumatology, neurology and rheumatology. One of the principal conditions for those who wanted to study was French citizenship and perfect health. The French medical community tried to qualify the professional actions of massage therapists in accordance with the needs of the specialists they cooperate with. The three year studies was officially introduced only in 1969.

scholarly journals Limiting the executive power after the Second World War: the invention of administrative science

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232098559
Author(s):  
Céline Mavrot
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World Order ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Administrative Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Administrative Science

This article analyses the emergence of administrative science in France in the wake of the Second World War. The birth of this discipline is examined through the history of its founders, a group of comparatist aiming at developing universal administrative principles. The post-war context prompted the creation of checks and balances against administrative power (through oversight of the legality of administrative action) and against the powers of nation states (through human rights and international organizations). Administrative science and comparative law were meant to rebuild international relations. The history of this discipline highlights a legal project to redefine the role and limits of executive power at the dawn of the construction of a new world order. Points for practitioners Looking at long-term developments in the science of administration helps to inform administrative practice by providing a historical and reflective perspective. This article shows how a new understanding of the administrative reality emerged after the fall of the totalitarian regimes of the first half of the 20th century. It highlights the different ways in which administrative power was controlled after the Second World War through greater oversight over administrative legality, the establishment of universal administrative principles and the proclamation of human rights. Questions of administrative legitimacy and the limitation of administrative power are still very much part of the daily practice of executive power, and represent a central aspect of administrative thinking.

scholarly journals The War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Tuvd Dorj ◽  
Yuriy Kuzmin ◽  
Mikhail Rachkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Second World

For the first time in Russian historiography, the article draws attention to the connection of the War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the conclusion of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of 1939. For a long time, historical science considered these two major events in the history of the USSR and history of the world individually, without their historic relationship. The authors made an attempt to provide evidence of this relationship, showing the role that surrounding and defeating the Japanese army at Khalkhin Gol in August 1939 and signing in Moscow of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact played in the history of the world. The study analyzes the foreign policy of the USSR in Europe, the reasons for the failure in the conclusion of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet military union in 1939 and the circumstances of the Pact. It shows the interrelation between the defeat of the Japanese troops at Khalkhin Gol and the need for the Soviet-German treaty. The authors describe the historic consequences of the conclusion of the pact for the further development of the Japanese-German relations and the course of the Second World War. They also present the characteristics of the views of these historical events in the Russian historiography.

scholarly journals The Nurse in the University: A History of University Education for South African Nurses: A Case Study of the University of the Witwatersrand

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Simonne Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Nursing Program ◽  
University Education ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
University Training ◽  
First Time

This paper charts the history and debates surrounding the introduction of academic, university-based training of nurses in South Africa. This was a process that was drawn out over five decades, beginning in the late 1930s. For nurses, university training was an important part of a process of professionalization; however, for other members of the medical community, nursing was seen as being linked to women's service work. Using the case-study of the University of the Witwatersrand, one of South Africa's premier universities and the place in the country to offer a university-based nursing program, we argue that an historical understanding of the ways in which nursing education was integrated into the university system tells us a great deal about the professionalization of nursing. This paper also recognises, for the first time, the pioneers of this important process.

The Katyń Families

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-774
Author(s):  
Izabella Sariusz-Skąpska
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

By appearance it would seem that Rodziny Katyńskie—the Katyń Families—are a veterans’ organization. The elderly, the last witnesses of the terrible Second World War, make up the majority of members. But these are not heroes, and they are not veterans. Who are they? In the first days after Poland regained its independence, after the first free elections of 4 June 1989, people from many cities leave the quiet of their homes and for the first time in their lives start talking about the history of their fathers, who had gone missing after 17 September 1939. The Katyń Families were formed. Statutes were written, and the aims of the organization were defined: explaining all of the circumstances of the Katyń Massacres, finding all of the locations where Polish prisoners of war died, and, finally, accomplishing their dignified burial in Polish War Cemeteries.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 20th CENTURY (ANNIVERSARY NOTES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Alla Atamanenko ◽  
Viktor Atamanenko
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Format ◽  
Source Materials

The authors attempt to analyze and summarize the scientific contributions of the members of the Ukrainian Historical Association, mostly published in The Ukrainian Historian journal in 1965–1991 and in the book format. At the same time, the main attention is paid not only to research issues but also to research tools of individual members of society, formed both by their professional training and socio-cultural environment of their lives and scientific creativity, which determined the level of research opportunities. The society was founded in 1965 on the initiative of the eminent researcher and organizer of science Lubomyr Roman Wynar (1932–2017), with the support of other scientists. The Ukrainian Historian journal, around which the unification took place, was founded by the scientist in 1963. The Association brought together researchers from different periods of the Ukrainian historical process, who belonged to several scientific generations, lived on different continents and, due to different life scenarios, did not always belong to the Western university environment, yet created the scientific product in Ukrainian and foreign languages. Based on correspondence and publications, the authors attempt to trace the reception of approaches to the formulation and elucidation of scientific problems, by members of the Western and Ukrainian Soviet Science. The article draws attention to the possibility of using source materials on the history of Ukraine, approaches to the study of sources, the creation of a source base for the study of events of the twentieth century by the Ukrainian scholars abroad. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the Ukrainian language in publications, and the possibility of interaction with the Western scientific world.

scholarly journals Polish Delegations in Kazakhstan During the Second World War in Documents of the Almaty and Semipalatinsk Archives

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Mara Gubaidullina ◽  
Laura Issova ◽  
Almagul Kulbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Space ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Civilian Employees ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

Introduction. The article investigates the versatile activities of Polish diplomats on the example of the representative offices of the embassy of Poland (delegations) in Alma-Ata (Almaty) and Semipalatinsk (Semey). Documents in the Kazakhstani archives indicate the presence of nine delegations created during the war in Kazakhstan to facilitate the formation of the Polish army (Anders Army). Polish “delegates” – diplomats, military, civilian employees – helped to rescue the Poles from places of detention and settlements, to draw up their documents for further sending to the army. Materials. Documents of the “especially valuable” fund of the Semipalatinsk Archive (currently the Documentation Center of Modern History of the East Kazakhstan Region, Semey), which are put into scientific circulation for the first time, testify to the versatile activities of Polish delegations in a large space in the east of the country. Analysis and Results. Polish delegates organized not only military-political and consular issues, but also economic, social, humanitarian activities. Polish employees worked in contact with Soviet institutions. They provided social support to both the military and displaced, evacuated, orphans, and disabled people. The organization of orphanages and shelters for Polish children was carried out, including by the efforts of Polish diplomats. The Poles who returned after the war to their homeland organized societies of the so-called “sybyraki”. Today they act as a kind of bridge in relations between Kazakhstan and Poland.

Surveying the History of Rossini’s Russian Contacts: the Composer’s Autographs in the St. Petersburg and Moscow Archives 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Логунова
Keyword(s):  
Main Attention ◽  
National Library ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

Статья продолжает тему, начатую документальной публикацией автора в журнале Opera musicologica № 4 (42) / 2019, и освещает малоизвестные факты из истории взаимоотношений Россини с подданными Российской империи в период с 1817 по 1865 год. Источниками информации послужили материалы из следующих хранилищ: Российский государственный исторический архив, Российская национальная библиотека, Государственный архив Российской Федерации, Российский национальный музей музыки, Санкт-Петербургский государственный музей театрального и музыкального искусства, Российский государственный архив литературы и искусства. В статье подробно комментируются два письма Россини к И. М. Толстому, придворному из окружения Александра II, свидетельствующие о продолжительных дружеских отношениях композитора с влиятельным российским чиновником. Среди рекомендательных писем Россини особенно интересны послания 1860 года — к Т. Рикорди и Дж. Боноле, в которых идет речь о молодом русском певце, будущем режиссере А. Д. Гарфильд-Дмитриеве. Представленные в настоящей статье документы — шесть писем и музыкальный автограф для альбома М. Я. Раппапорта — не только открывают новую страницу в истории русских контактов Россини, но содержат малоизученные факты, касающиеся биографии композитора и его итальянских связей. Большинство автографов публикуются впервые. The article continues the documentary publication in the Opera musicologica, no. 4 (2019) and deals with unknown facts from the history of relations between Rossini and subjects of the Russian Empire on the basis of the materials from the Russian State Historical Archive, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian National Museum of Music, the National Library of Russia, the St. Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music, the Russian State Literature and Arts Archive. The main attention is paid to letters by Rossini to Ivan M. Tolstoy, testifying to the composer’s long-term friendly relations with the influential Russian official from the entourage of Alexander II. Among Rossini’s letters of recommendation, messages to Tito Ricordi and Giovanni Bonola about a Russian singer Aleksandr Dmitriev are of particular interest. Six letters and a musical autograph presented in this article not only open a new page in the history of Rossini’s Russian contacts, but also contain little-studied facts concerning the composer’s biography and his Italian connections. Most autographs are published for the first time.

scholarly journals From history of proctology

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovan Maksimovic ◽  
Marko Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Anorectal Fistula ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anorectal Diseases ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

The authors of this paper presented the key moments in the development of proctology, a medical discipline which is an integral part of surgery, whose development path was inseparable from the historical development of operational medicine. Even in the ancient Egypt, proctology was an important branch of medicine. Out of eight of so far known medical papyri in the history of proctology, the most important one is the Beatty`s (Chester Beatty) papyrus from the 13th century BC, which is actually a short monograph on diseases of the anus and their treatment. In the ancient period, operative proctology reached the highest level in the time of Hippocrates. In detail, and with special care, the operative procedures of the large intestine, primarily perianal fistula and hemorrhoids were described in the Hippocratic writings. One of the most famous Roman medical writers, Celsus (Cornelius Celsus Asullus) described the surgery of hemorrhoids by their ligature and the surgery of anorectal fistula in two ways: ligation of the fistula channel by string of raw flax and fistula incision through the probe placed through the fistula channel. Doctors of the 18th and the 19th century introduced into practice some more complicated surgical procedures in the treatment of anorectal diseases. The French surgeons were the leaders. In 1710, Littr? performed, for the first time, anus praeter naturalis and Jacques Lisfranc (1790-1847) pioneered the method of perineal resection of the rectum for cancer. The first rectoscope was constructed in 1895 and in 1903 it was introduced into practice by Kelly (Kelly Howard Atwood). A sudden progress in the diagnosis and treatment of anorectal diseases occurred after the Second World War and the trend has continued to this day.

scholarly journals A Dagestiani woman in the system of physical culture and sport in 1930s: a historical aspect of the gender stereotypes transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Sh. Kaymarazov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Kaymarazova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the study is determined by the scientific and practical interest in the history of national physical culture and sports, the state policy in this area, including in the national regions of the country in the early Soviet period, as well as the discussions that have unfolded in the world community today about the fate of women's sports. For the first time, the article analyzes the transformations that took place in the 1930s on the basis of reliable factual materials, taking into account modern historiographic generalizations in the structure of women's gender role on the example of participation in the physical culture movement and sports of women of multinational Dagestan, which became more and more noticeable, despite the preservation of the significant influence of Islam and traditional ideas about the place of women in the system of social relations and the family. The research carried out within the framework of socio-cultural, gender history, the history of everyday life on the basis of the principles of historicism and objectivity with the use of comparative-historical, problem-chronological, descriptive methods and taking into account the main provisions of the modernization concept, led to the conclusion that in the 1930s ... the leadership of the republic and the region began to give priority attention to the involvement of mountain girls in the physical culture and military-sports movement, which became one of the components of the program for solving the "women's issue", the implementation of which made it possible to more and more actively attract Dagestani women to participate in the socio-political and cultural life of the republic, edges, countries.

scholarly journals Fashion parades – for men only: Multiple tailor Hepworths, designer Hardy Amies and the marketing of men’s suits in Britain in the 1960s

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Danielle Sprecher
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Design Collaboration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Object Studies ◽  
High Street ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

This article will examine the use of male fashion shows as a marketing and promotional tool by British high street multiple tailor Hepworths in the 1960s as part of their design collaboration with women’s fashion designer and couturier Hardy Amies. The partnership successfully brought the concept of the branded designer label to British men for the first time and was a major initiative for the menswear industry as it highlighted and consolidated a design ethos which strongly emphasized men’s fashion. Drawing on a wide range of primary source material including oral history interviews with two male models who worked for Hepworths and Amies; object studies of surviving garments; and film and images of the shows, this article will explore the significant and innovative approach to selling men’s fashionable tailoring taken by this mid-market menswear company. It also provides a broader understanding of the history of men’s fashion during this period, a narrative which is dominated by the concept of the peacock revolution, by demonstrating Hepworths’ important contribution to everyday men’s fashion in post-Second World War Britain.

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