Summary of Design Speed, Operating Speed, and Design Consistency Issues

2000 ◽  
Vol 1701 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Harwood ◽  
Timothy R. Neuman ◽  
Joel P. Leisch
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Formal Design ◽  
Conference Session

Six papers in this Record were presented at a conference session during the January 1994 TRB annual meeting. They address various aspects of the relationships among design speed, operating speed, and design consistency. All six papers are examined to show the interrelationships of design speed, operating speed, and design consistency; what changes are needed in the current design process and current design policies; how the concept of design consistency can produce better designs; and what research is needed to develop these concepts further. The improvements involve three key principles. First, design speeds must not be arbitrary but must be selected realistically based on projected operating speeds. Second, if lower design speed is used, all aspects of the roadway and its environment must be consistent with the lower speed. Third, large differences in operating speed between successive roadway elements represent design inconsistencies that can lead to safety problems. These principles can be used to develop a design process that leads to safer, more efficient, and more consistent designs. The TRB Committees on Operational Effects of Geometrics (A3A08) and on Geometric Design (A2A02) jointly sponsored the January 1994 conference session to call attention to the many unresolved issues about the roles of design speed, operating speed, and design consistency in creating highway designs that operate efficiently and safely and meet the needs of drivers. Originally, two alternative topics were considered: relationship of design speed and operating speed and the role of formal design consistency criteria in creating good highway designs. These topics were so interrelated that it was difficult to address one without the other. A key insight from the papers was that in a consistent design the design speed selected for use in determining the geometrics of the facility is similar to the operating speed of the completed facility. To call attention to the central role of several speed-related parameters in creating consistent designs, the session was titled “Speed.” Key points of the papers are summarized, generalizing the principles and philosophy for creating consistent designs, and suggesting directions for research to develop the ideas into practical design policies that highway engineers can apply.

scholarly journals BRAND IMAGE MEMEDIASI KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK SMARTPHONE OPPO DI KOTA DENPASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Hagita Indra Mas Setiadi ◽  
Ni Wayan Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of

Indonesian smartphone users are growing rapidly. Oppo is one of the many smartphone manufacturers entering the Indonesian smartphone market. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of product quality on brand image, product quality to purchase decision, brand image to purchasing decision, and role of brand image in mediating effect of product quality to purchasing decision. The theory used in this research is product quality, brand image and purchase decision. This research was conducted on consumer of Oppo smartphone which domiciled in Denpasar City. The sample size taken as many as 120 people with purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is path analysis and sobel test. The results of the study found that product quality has a positive and significant effect on brand image. The study also found that each variable of product quality and brand image significantly positively affects purchasing decisions, in addition to the brand image also significantly mediates the relationship of product quality to purchasing decisions   Keyword: product quality, brand image, purchase decisions

Formulation and Validation of Operating Speed-Based Design Consistency Models by Bootstrapping

1997 ◽  
Vol 1579 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McFadden ◽  
Lily Elefteriadou
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
Consistency Models

Current U.S. policy for designing rural two-lane highways is based on design speed to ensure consistency among consecutive highway segments. The design speed concept, however, does not ensure that a consistent alignment will be achieved. A recent FHWA-sponsored project (Horizontal Alignment Design Consistency for Rural Two-Lane Highways) led to three operating speed-based geometric design consistency models, which have not yet been validated. Traditionally, the validation of such models involves the collection of additional data. The statistical technique known as “bootstrapping” was used to formulate and validate the operating speed-based geometric design consistency models by using the existing FHWA database. Bootstrapping involves random sampling with replacement from the existing database, which becomes the population. One-half of the original data collected are used in formulating the models. The remaining half of the data are subsequently used for validation. The models resulting from bootstrapping were statistically equivalent to the models developed in the FHWA study. In addition, the model validation indicated that the bootstrapping technique used to validate the operating speed models is a viable alternative means of validation. It was concluded that bootstrapping is a very useful tool that can be exploited in many related areas in the transportation field, especially because of the large amounts of data typically required in developing and validating empirical models.

scholarly journals The Joint of the Architect’s Hand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol-Anne Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Robert Morris ◽  
Richard Serra ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In modern day architecture practice, the role of the hand in the design process has been displaced by the advent of new technology. There is an inherent desire in practice to rely fully on the computer, which within its digital parameters removes the direct connection of the architect’s hand from the creative process. To create meaningful architecture, it is imperative to understand that the relationship of the architect’s hand in the design process is as critical as the relationship of the architectural joint to the project. To understand the hand, I approached it architecturally and rigorously studied its form and structure. At the same time, I studied several sculptors and artists, such as Richard Serra, Eduardo Chillida, Robert Morris and Eva Hesse who concentrated on the process over the final product.  I created section drawings of select pieces and analyzed them with hand motions to study their forms. With these analyses, I created a material joint that explored different ways to “hold” masses and “join” different materials. With my hand analyses and material joints, I have understood the level of the “joint” at different scales: from the hand that makes the architecture to the actual structure that holds architecture together.

The Role of BIM in the Architectural Design Process

2010 ◽  
pp. 587-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Moum
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The Many ◽  
Holistic Research

The objective of this chapter is to identify the role of BIMs in the architectural design process from the practitioners’ point of view. The chapter investigates the main factors affecting the practitioners’ use of BIM, and how BIM impacts their work and interactions. The chapter presents a holistic research approach as well as the findings from its application in four real-life projects. In these projects, much of the practitioners’ focus was on upgrading skills and improving technology. Nevertheless, a number of their challenges were linked to the nature of the architectural design process, particularly to its “hardto- grasp” iterative and intuitive features. A conclusion of this research indicates that the role of BIM is affected by the many interdependencies, relations and interfaces embedded in the highly complex and partly unpredictable real world practice. A future challenge would be to understand, master and balance these relationships - upstream and downstream across multiple levels, processes and activities. The presented holistic research approach and the related findings contributed to research which aimed to embrace the complexity of real-life problems and gain a more comprehensive understanding of what is happening in practice.

scholarly journals Geometric design of single-lane roundabouts for optimum consistency and operation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Vehicle Path ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
Geometric Layout

The objectives while designing roundabout is design consistency and operational performance. Design consistency affects roundabout safety while operational performance affects its level of service. Along with design consistency, roundabout will be more safe if its geometry forces traffic to enter and circulate at less than specified design speed. Vehicle path radii control speeds at each vehicle path. Vehicle path radii are traditionally obtained from drawing freehand each vehicle paths on proposed roundabout geometry. Existing design approaches for roundabouts use a trial-and-error procedure to choose the design parameters in order to satisfy design standards. With this approach it is quite complicated to satisfy design guidelines and site conditions at the same time. A minor change in geometry can result in significant changes in safety and operational performance. Therefore, many iterations of geometric layout would be required to evaluate safety and operational analysis at given traffic conditions. Designer needs to revise and refine the initial geometric layout to enhance safety and its operational performance. In this thesis, an optimization model is developed that predicts optimum design parameters with multiple objectives: maximum design consistency and minimum average intersection delay. At optimum design parameters, this model also provides vehicle path radii for each path. These vehicle path radii were used to predict operating speed along each path using an existing operating speed prediction model. The optimization model takes site conditions as input and satisfies the two objectives for given traffic and geometric conditions. This is a new approach of optimum design of single-lane roundabouts with four legs intersecting at right angle. The model not only satisfies the two objectives, but also limits the operating speed along each path (left, through, and right), below the specified design speed of roundabout.

Geometric design of single-lane roundabouts for optimum consistency and operation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Vehicle Path ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
Geometric Layout

The objectives while designing roundabout is design consistency and operational performance. Design consistency affects roundabout safety while operational performance affects its level of service. Along with design consistency, roundabout will be more safe if its geometry forces traffic to enter and circulate at less than specified design speed. Vehicle path radii control speeds at each vehicle path. Vehicle path radii are traditionally obtained from drawing freehand each vehicle paths on proposed roundabout geometry. Existing design approaches for roundabouts use a trial-and-error procedure to choose the design parameters in order to satisfy design standards. With this approach it is quite complicated to satisfy design guidelines and site conditions at the same time. A minor change in geometry can result in significant changes in safety and operational performance. Therefore, many iterations of geometric layout would be required to evaluate safety and operational analysis at given traffic conditions. Designer needs to revise and refine the initial geometric layout to enhance safety and its operational performance. In this thesis, an optimization model is developed that predicts optimum design parameters with multiple objectives: maximum design consistency and minimum average intersection delay. At optimum design parameters, this model also provides vehicle path radii for each path. These vehicle path radii were used to predict operating speed along each path using an existing operating speed prediction model. The optimization model takes site conditions as input and satisfies the two objectives for given traffic and geometric conditions. This is a new approach of optimum design of single-lane roundabouts with four legs intersecting at right angle. The model not only satisfies the two objectives, but also limits the operating speed along each path (left, through, and right), below the specified design speed of roundabout.

scholarly journals Principal-Agent in Implementing Village Funds in Linggo Village, Kejayan District, Pasuruan Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 006 (02) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Aminullah Aminullah
Keyword(s):  
Principal Agent ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Role Of Principal ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The village fund is one of the many policy programs carried out by the government sourced from the state budget (APBN) which is allocated directly to the village. But in the implementation of the village fund, there are still problems so that in general the village fund is still not effective. This study analyzes the role of actors in the implementation of village funds from the perspective of the principal-agent whose locus is in Linggo village, Kejayan district, pasuruan regency. The focus in this study is the role of principal and agent in the stages of planning, implementation, and reporting of the village fund by measuring the effectiveness of implementation through the principles for cultivating effective implementation practice. Novelty of this research is to see the effectiveness of the implementation of the village fund from the perspective of the relationship of the principal agent. This study aims to create a model of the effectiveness of the village fund policy implementation in linggo village, kejayan district. The results showed that the relationship between the principal and agent must increase oversight so that the policy objectives can be achieved.

Effect of speed prediction models and perceived radius on design consistency

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Richl ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Speed Prediction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
Side Friction ◽  
Consistency Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of

The most frequently used criteria to evaluate design consistency are the difference between design speed and operating speed, operating speeds on successive elements, and assumed side friction of the road and that demanded by the driver. The operating speed, often obtained using speed prediction models, influences each design consistency criteria. There has been considerable research in developing design consistency measures and evaluation tools, but little research has been done on the influence that different speed prediction models have on design consistency criteria. In addition, there has been little research as to how design factors such as driver perception of combined horizontal and vertical curves influence speed prediction models. This paper investigates how the selection of speed prediction models and driver perception of combined horizontal and vertical curves influence design consistency evaluation. The selection of the speed prediction model has a significant impact on design consistency evaluation. The use of perceived radius, which accounts for driver perception of combined alignments, slightly influenced the outcome of the design consistency evaluation.Key words: design consistency, speed prediction models, driver perception, combined horizontal and vertical curves, perceived radius, geometric design.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

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