scholarly journals RESEARCH OF EFFECT OF DPEI-PROCESSING OF SHIITAKE FRUIT BODY ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MUSHROOM SUSPENSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
N.O. Sharkova ◽  
E.К. Zhukotskyi ◽  
Т.Y. Тurchyna ◽  
H.V. Dekusha ◽  
A.A. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Working Bodies

The use of discrete-pulse energy input (DPEI) mechanisms in various industries has become a reliable tool for the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in various technological lines and reduction of specific energy consumption. The study of structural transformations in heterogeneous systems under influence of mechanisms of DPEI opens up new possibilities for their use as evidenced by this article. Under certain conditions it is possible to prepare a mushroom suspension with specified characteristics for drying and enhance medicinal properties of the obtained powder product while retaining all valuable components of feedstock. The article presents the results of research of DPEI-processing effect of the shiitake mushroom fruit body on the on physical and mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the mushroom suspension. The influence of hydro module, temperature of the suspension and the layout of the working bodies of the rotor-pulse apparatus (RPA) on its dynamic viscosity was studied and the possibility of reducing viscosity by 2-3 times is shown.  An analysis of mushroom suspension microstructure has showed that with a certain layout of the working bodies of the RPA it is possible to control the degree of dispersion of particles and change the spatial structure of the aggregates in the volume of the dispersion medium. It is determined that self-organization of spatial aggregates from individual hyphae in such suspensions occurs over time. Moreover, the smaller the size of hyphae (≤ 25 microns after the RPA of the first version of the arrangement: rotor-stator-rotor) are, the larger the size of the spatial aggregates are formed. After the RPA with the second layout option, the fragments of hyphae had sizes ≥ 50 μm, but the dimensions of the spatial aggregates were three times smaller. It is found that after three times passing of the mushroom suspension through the RPA and its subsequent treatment in the cavitation device, the dynamic viscosity of the suspension is reduced by 20%. Confirmation of the the effectiveness of the DPEI-mechanisms in obtaining mushroom suspension is that due to the hydromechanical destruction of the polysaccharide structures of the chitin-glucan complex of the shiitake mushroom the content of the bioavailable complex of water-soluble oncostatic and immunoregulatory polysaccharides in the powder obtained by drying the mushroom suspension in an experimental spray dryer increased 6 times. References 13, figures 6.

Lightweight Concrete Based on Gypseous Binding Materials, Modified with Microcrystalline Cellulose, and Cavitationly Processed Sawdust

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Pykin ◽  
E.Y. Gornostaeva ◽  
N.P. Lukutsova ◽  
J.S. Pykina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Matrix Microstructure ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate ◽  
Reducing Substances

The physical and mechanical properties of lightweight constructional heat-insulating concrete (sawdust gypsum concrete) with high-strength gypsum binder, modified by food cotton microcrystalline cellulose and organic fillers of plant origin from the waste wood of coniferous and deciduous species in the form of cavitationly processed pine and birch sawdust have been studied. The dependence of the cavitation extraction time of water-soluble reducing substances (sugars) from sawdust on the strength of sawdust gypsum concrete is established. The changes in microstructure of the gypsum matrix, the mean density, bending tension strength and compression strength, the thermal conductivity coefficient of sawdust gypsum concrete on the basis of the cavitationly processed sawdust with the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose are analyzed. It is proven that microcrystalline cellulose compacts the space between the crystalline hydrates of calcium sulfate dihydrate in the gypsum matrix microstructure and improves the physical and mechanical properties of sawdust gypsum concrete.

Study of rheological behaviours of electrostatic thermoset powder coatings

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ehsani ◽  
Ali Akbar Yousefi ◽  
Saeed Samiei Yeganeh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Powder Coating ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Powder Coatings ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe use of dynamic viscosity/time (temperature) cure curves is seen as a powerful technique to quantify formulation and resin design parameters. The behaviour of different thermoset powder coating systems, epoxy/polyester (50/50, 40/60 and 30/70) as well as the impact of the filler, the curing temperature and the frequency upon gel-time have been examined based upon the rheological measurements and compared with PE/TGIC systems. Two disparate methodologies have been utilized to determine gel-time. The behaviour of dissimilar systems bearing different formulations has been compared by means of the non-isothermal DSC test. The effects of resin percentage and the formulation on physical and mechanical properties of coating have been studied.

Formation and properties of nanocomposites made up from solid aspen wood, melamine-urea-formaldehyde, and clay

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Cai ◽  
Bernard Riedl ◽  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
Hui Wan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Density Surface

Abstract Wood polymer nanocomposites were prepared from solid aspen wood, water-soluble melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, and silicate nanoclays. The nanofillers were ground with a ball-mill before being mixed with the MUF resin and impregnated into the wood. The water-soluble prepolymer was mixed with the nanoclays at a mixing speed of 3050 rpm for 20 min to form impregnation solutions. Wood was impregnated with resin, which polymerized in situ under certain conditions. The physical and mechanical properties of the composite and the effect of ball-milling treatment of nanofillers on these properties were investigated. Significant improvements in physical and mechanical properties, such as density, surface hardness, and modulus of elasticity, were obtained for specimens impregnated with MUF resin and nanoclay-MUF resin mixtures. Ball-mill treatment favors dispersion of the nanofillers into the wood, but also appears to interfere with particle-resin adhesion.

scholarly journals Research of dimensional-mass characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of bulbs and heaves of seed onion (Stuttgarter Risen variety) in the period of selection

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Alexander Gennadievich Aksenov ◽  
Aleksey Viktorovich Sibirev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Left Middle

The aim of the research was to determine the size-mass and physico-mechanical properties of bulbs and heaves of seed onion of the Stuttgart Riesen variety during the selection period. The results of studies of the size-mass characteristics of bulbs and roll onion sets of the Stuttgart Riesen variety from the standpoint of creating the working bodies of machines for its cultivation and harvesting are presented. The results of previous studies of onion sets of other varieties are considered. The technique and equipment used in the research are described. The results of the studies are presented in the form of distribution histograms, the analysis of the studies was carried out by the method of variation statistics. Object of study: bulbs and roll onion sets of the Stuttgart Riesen variety. It is established that the value of the onion set form index lies in the range of 0.,82- 1,10. An analysis of the results shows that more than 90% of the bulbs have a rounded shape, approaching the shape of a sphere, the rest are flat-rounded. The main values of the width of the onion-set roll are in the range 53.,0 65,0 cm, with an average value of 59 cm, in addition, we can conclude that there is no large change in thickness in the cross section of the roll, while the average value of the thickness of the roll (left , middle, right) is within 5.4; 6.7; 5.2 cm with an average value of 6.4 cm. The average distance between the onion set rolls during the selection period is 113.4 cm, the maximum is 121 cm, and the minimum is 111.2 cm. The mass of a heap of 1 running meter of onion set roll characterizes the density of the onion set roll is 12.82 kg. However, the minimum and maximum values of this indicator have a wide range of variation from 12.0 to 15.0 kg.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF POTATO HARVESTING MACHINES WITH MODERNIZED WORKING BODIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Д.В. ЕВТЕХОВ ◽  
Р.В. БЕЗНОСЮК ◽  
С.Т. КОДИРОВ ◽  
Г.К. РЕМБАЛОВИЧ ◽  
Н.С. ЖБАНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Working Bodies

Проблема и цель. В процессе уборки картофеля меняются почвенно-климатические условия, урожайность, свойства убираемых клубней и поэтому уборочный комплекс должен гибко реагировать на эти изменения. Это предполагает не только своевременную настройку рабочих органов, но и более широкие возможности современных картофелеуборочных машин. Цель – совершенствование картофелеуборочных машин на основе применения полимерных и композиционных материалов. Методология. Появление в бункере комбайна клубней с повреждениями, ушибами (потемнение мякоти) свидетельствует о значительных динамических нагрузках рабочих органов. Предлагаемый сепарирующий элеватор имеет гибкие композиционные прутки, которые взаимодействуют с обрезиненными роликами-интенсификаторами и при движении образуют волнообразную, постоянно меняющуюся поверхность. При поступлении картофельного вороха гибкие композиционные прутки прогибаются, причем чем больше масса поступающего картофельного вороха, тем больше величина прогиба прутков. При изменении почвенно-климатических условий значительная нагрузка приходится на органы выносной сепарации, поэтому увеличение производительности и снижение повреждений клубней является важной задачей. Для повышения эффективности работы продольной прямоточной пальчиковой горки был предложен многокулачковый встряхиватель с регулируемой частотой и амплитудой воздействия. Благодаря колебательным воздействиям полотна пальчиковой горки картофель приобретает дополнительную подвижность, что позволяет более полно использовать различия физико-механических свойств клубней и примесей. Результаты. Применение сепарирующего элеватора с композиционными прутками увеличило сепарирующую способность картофелекопателя на суглинке нормальной влажности (22 %) и снизило повреждения клубней на 2,6 %. Сравнительные показатели качества работы комбайна Grimme DR-1500, оборудованного модернизированной горкой с многокулачковым всряхивателем и серийного комбайна Grimme DR-1500 соответственно составили: полнота уборки – 97,3 % и 95,8 %; полнота выделения примесей – 94,1% и 86,8 %; процент повреждений клубней –2,47 % и 3,15 %. Заключение. Увеличение интенсивности сепарации на рабочих органах из композиционных и полимерных материалов позволяет увеличить производительность картофелеуборочных машин. Problem and purpose. In the process of harvesting potatoes, the soil and climatic conditions change, the yield properties of the harvested tubers, and therefore the harvesting complex must respond fexibly to these changes. This presupposes not only the timely adjustment of the working bodies, but also the wider possibilities of modern potato harvesters. The goal is to improve potato harvesters based on the use of polymer and composite materials. Methodology. The appearance of tubers with injuries in the bunker of the combine with bruises (darkening of the pulp) indicates signifcant dynamic loads of the working organs. The proposed separating elevator has fexible composite rods, which interact with rubberized intensifer rollers and, when moving, form a wavy, constantly changing surface. When the potato heap arrives, the fexible composite rods bend, and the greater the mass of the heap, the greater the defection. With a change in soil and climatic conditions, a signifcant load falls on the external separation organs, therefore, increasing productivity and reducing damage to tubers is an important task. To increase the efciency of the longitudinal direct-fow hedgehog slide, a multi-cam shaker with an adjustable frequency and amplitude of action was proposed. Owing to the vibrational efects of the hedgehog slider, the potato acquires additional mobility, which allows more full use of the diferences in the physical and mechanical properties of tubers and impurities. Results. The use of a separating elevator with composite rods increased the separating capacity of a potato digger on loam of normal moisture content (22%) and reduced damage to tubers by 2.6%. Comparative performance indicators of the Grimme DR-1500 combine equipped with a modernized slide with a multi-cam shaker and the Grimme DR-1500 serial combine, respectively, were: completeness of cleaning –97.3% and 95.8%; completeness of separation of impurities – 94.1% and 86.8%; percentage of damage to tubers –2.47% and 3.15%. Conclusion. An increase in the intensity of separation on working bodies made of composite and polymer materials allows increasing the productivity of potato harvesters.

scholarly journals Mutual spectral densities calculation of the moments of resistance on the peat milling unit working bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 745-756
Author(s):  
Konstantin Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Spectral Densities ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Random Forces ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Working Bodies

When performing technological operations in the peat industry, various units with milling-type working bodies are used. They differ in design, layout, number and type of cutting elements, operating modes, and may have one or more working bodies. During operation, random forces and moments act on the cutters, which have a dramatically variable nature, which is associated with the periodic interaction of the knives with the peat deposit, its structural heterogeneity, variations in the milling depth, physical and mechanical properties of peat, the rotational speed of the cutter and the movement speed of the machine. In this case, significant dynamic loads arise in the structural elements, which leads to a decrease in their reliability, deterioration of the energy characteristics of the engine operation and technical and economic indicators of use. In the dynamic analysis of drive elements, when using machines with several working bodies, it is necessary to know both spectral and mutual spectral load densities.  For their calculation, expressions were obtained that take into account the physical and mechanical properties of peat, the operating modes of the unit and their probabilistic characteristics, as well as the design features of the working body. The expressions are obtained for the case when there are several working bodies with the same diameters and the number of knives in the cutting plane. In this case, the number of planes, width, type of cutting element and type of cutting (locked, semi-locked, etc.) may differ. As an example of using the developed approaches, the calculation of spectral and mutual spectral densities of moments on cutters and loads in the drive elements of the machine for surface-layer milling MTF-14 is presented.

scholarly journals Comparative Researcehs of the Properties of Laboratory Plywood and Some Industrial Manufactured Wood-Based Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Violeta T Jakimovska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the researches in the master thesis is studying the impact of the changes in plywood structure on their physical and mechanical properties. These changes are related to the change of the layer’s position in the panels’ structure along the axis of symmetry without changing the number and the thickness of the veneers. Four models of laboratory nine layered plywood were made for studying this impact. The evaluation of the models quality was made on the base of the obtained values from the tests of their physical and mechanical properties, as well as on the base of the comparative analyze of these values and the values obtained from the tested properties of comparative model of industrial manufactured plywood. The laboratory plywood models are made in controlled laboratory conditions by the method of hot dry pressing. Beech peeled veneers with thickness of 1,2; 1,5; 2,2 and 3,2 mm are used for plywood manufacturing. As gluing component for plywood manufacturing, pure water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin with concentration of 47,10 % is used. The models are preserved with phenol formaldehyde foil, which is impregnated in the surface layers during pressing. Four panels from each model are made, as well as two additional panels without surface phenol formaldehyde foil from the second model in order to perceive the differences in physical properties between preserved and non-preserved laboratory models.

scholarly journals Enhanced properties of single-layer particleboard made from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre with additional water-soluble additives

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6159-6173
Author(s):  
Chuan Li Lee ◽  
Kit Ling Chin ◽  
Paik San H'ng ◽  
Pui San Khoo ◽  
Luqman Abdullah Chuah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Additional Water

The efficacy of additional water-soluble additives was studied relative to the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Polyethylene glycol, acrylamide, and acrylic resin were selected as water-soluble additives for use in the OPEFB particleboard production process. The effects of the three additives at two different concentrations (2% and 4% of dry OPEFB mass) on the particleboard properties were evaluated. Addition of water-soluble additives increased the performance of the OPEFB particleboard. The additive concentration has a significant effect on the properties of the particleboard. With the increase of additive concentration, the internal bonding and modulus of rupture value increased while the thickness swelling and water absorption decreased. Particleboards with an additional 4% of acrylamide or polyethylene glycol achieved the highest modulus of rupture (22 MPa), highest internal bonding strength (1 N/mm2), and lowest thickness swelling (9%). All the particleboards produced with 4% of water-soluble additive achieved the standard requirements of JIS A 5908:2003 for physical and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of composites made from bamboo and woody wastes in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jay Chung ◽  
Sheng Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Swelling Coefficient ◽  
Group B

Abstract This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of six groups of bamboo–wood composites (BWC) made from bamboo and wood wastes, which are produced from the industry processing in Taiwan. Results obtained from non-destructive testing (NDT) indicated that the boards made with 100% bamboo residues (Group B) revealed higher ultrasonic-wave velocity (Vu) and tap tone sound velocity (Vt) than other BWC boards. Both Vu and Vt of composite boards were proportional to the ratio of bamboo residues contains. Three-layer composites made with bamboo/wood/bamboo residues at 1:2:1 ratio (Group B/2W/B) had the highest specific strength as well as modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) among all the composites. B/2W/B composite board had structural characteristics similar to those of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) and particleboards; thus, it might have better compression resistance than other types of boards. B/2W/B composite board also had the highest screw holding strength (SHS); next was the boards composed entirely of woody wastes (Group W). The results obtained from analysis of water absorption rate (WA%) show a positive correlation with porous bamboo contents; meanwhile, wood chips have higher water-absorption swelling rate than bamboo residues. Hence, it showed greater change in thickness swelling coefficient (TS%) and volume swelling coefficient (S%).

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