scholarly journals The Role of Diet in Osteoporotic Fracture Risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Manuela Chiavarini ◽  
Giulia Naldini ◽  
Manuela Chiavarini ◽  
Roberto Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Osteoporosis Fracture

Introduction: Osteoporosis-related fractures constitute a considerable public health burden and nutrition is an important modifiable factor influencing bone health. Numerous micronutrients, macronutrients, and dietary components influence bone health, as well as dietary patterns. This short review describes the role of diet on osteoporosis fracture risk, investigating those dietary factors which improve bone health. Materials and Methods: Searching Pubmed and Web of Science, we performed a review of current literature. Results: This review reported the beneficial effects of micronutrients (e.g. calcium, vitamin D, potassium, magnesium, vitamin K, and vitamin B12), macronutrients (e.g. protein and carbohydrates), and foods (e.g. fish and seafood, fruits and vegetables) on osteoporotic fracture risk. A healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, is important for decreasing osteoporotic fracture risk. A potential benefit on fracture risk is attributed to the “Healthy” and “Milk/dairy” dietary patterns which emphasise the intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, poultry and fish, nuts and legumes, and low-fat dairy products. By contrast, the unhealthy “Meat/Western” dietary pattern, characterised by high consumption of soft drinks, fried foods, meat and processed products, sweets and desserts, and refined grains, increased osteoporosis fracture risk. Conclusions: Diet plays an important role in bone health. A healthy diet prevents osteoporosis and reduces osteoporotic fracture risk.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Dietary Interventions on Disease Progression and Symptoms of Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: An Umbrella Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603-1615
Author(s):  
Abbey R Tredinnick ◽  
Yasmine C Probst
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Review Articles

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. The role of diet in the progression of MS and severity of symptoms remains unclear. Various systematic literature reviews (SRs) have reported the effects of single nutrients on MS progression or the role of dietary factors on specific symptoms of MS. Narrative reviews have examined the effects of various dietary patterns in MS populations. An umbrella review was undertaken to collate the findings from review articles and evaluate the strength of the scientific evidence of dietary interventions for people living with MS. Scientific databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to April 2019. Review articles and meta-analyses were included if they examined the effect of any dietary intervention in adult populations with MS. Outcomes included MS progression indicated by relapses, disability, MRI activity and disease classification, and MS symptoms. Characteristics and findings from both review articles and their included primary studies were extracted and summarized. A total of 19 SRs and 43 narrative reviews were included. Vitamin D and PUFAs were the most commonly studied interventions. Across SR studies, vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on relapses, MRI, or disability progression; however, an inverse association was found between vitamin D status and disability scores through observational studies. Effects of PUFA supplementation on major outcomes of MS progression were inconsistent across review articles. Other interventions less commonly studied included vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplementation and varying dietary patterns. Strong consistent evidence is lacking for dietary interventions in persons with MS. The body of evidence is primarily focused around the isolation of individual nutrients, many of which demonstrate no effect on major outcomes of MS progression. Stronger food-focused studies are required to strengthen the evidence.

scholarly journals Associations of Baltic Sea and Mediterranean dietary patterns with bone mineral density in elderly women

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 2735-2743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arja T Erkkilä ◽  
Homa Sadeghi ◽  
Masoud Isanejad ◽  
Jaakko Mursu ◽  
Marjo Tuppurainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

AbstractObjectiveDietary quality in relation to bone health has been analysed in relatively few studies. The current study aimed to assess the association of the Baltic Sea diet (BSD) and the Mediterranean diet (MD) with bone mineral density (BMD) among elderly women.DesignLumbar, femoral and total body BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and year 3. Dietary intake was measured by 3 d food record at baseline. BSD and MD scores were calculated from food and alcohol consumption and nutrient intake. Information on lifestyle, diseases and medications was collected by questionnaires. Longitudinal associations of BSD and MD scores with BMD were analysed using linear mixed models.SettingInterventional prospective Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Fracture Prevention study including women aged 65–71 years and residing in Kuopio province, Finland.SubjectsWomen (n 554) with mean age of 67·9 (sd 1·9) years and mean BMI of 28·8 (sd 4·7) kg/m2.ResultsHigher BSD scores were associated with higher intakes of fruit and berries, vegetables, fish and low-fat dairy products, and lower intake of sausage. Higher MD scores were associated with higher consumption of fruit and berries and vegetables. BSD and MD scores were associated with higher PUFA:SFA and higher fibre intake. Femoral, lumbar or total body BMD was not significantly different among the quartiles of BSD or MD score.ConclusionThe lack of associations suggest that Baltic Sea and Mediterranean dietary patterns may not adequately reflect dietary factors relevant to bone health.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density, polyphenols and caffeine: a reassessment

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Dew ◽  
A. J. Day ◽  
M. R. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Positive Effects

Several studies have shown beneficial associations between tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Current investigations into potential mechanisms of benefit are focused upon the F and polyphenol components of tea. However, previous studies have pointed towards caffeine consumption as a potential risk factor for low BMD and high fracture risk. Tea, therefore, represents an interesting paradox as a mildly caffeinated beverage that may enhance bone health. Fruit and vegetable intake has also been associated with BMD, and it is now apparent that several fruit and vegetable components, including polyphenols, may contribute positively to bone health. Evidence surrounding the function(s) of polyphenol-rich foods in bone health is examined, along with more recent studies challenging the relevance of caffeine consumption to in vivo Ca balance. Plant foods rich in polyphenols such as tea, fruit and vegetables, as significant factors in a healthy diet and lifestyle, may have positive roles in bone health, and the negative role of caffeine may have been overestimated. The present review covers evidence of dietary mediation in positive and negative aspects of bone health, in particular the roles of tea, fruit and vegetables, and of caffeine, flavonoids and polyphenols as components of these foods. Since the deleterious effects of caffeine appear to have been overstated, especially in respect of the positive effects of flavonoids, it is concluded that a reassessment of the role of caffeinated beverages may be necessary.

scholarly journals The Role of Religiosity in Dietary Beliefs and Behaviors among Urban African American Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Holt ◽  
Debra L. Haire-Joshu ◽  
Susan N. Lukwago ◽  
Laura A. Lewellyn ◽  
Matthew W. Kreuter
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
American Women ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The relationship between religiosity and health has been investigated in many studies, with most finding positive associations. However, little is known about the role of religiosity in dietary factors, particularly among African American women. We used a self-administered questionnaire to examine the association between religiosity and dietary beliefs and behaviors among African American women. Women with strong religious beliefs and behaviors reported more interest in eating more fruits and vegetables, perceived their consumption as being more important, and consumed more fruits and vegetables than women low in religious beliefs and behaviors. These findings highlight the role of both religious beliefs and behaviors as they relate to diet-related beliefs and behaviors in this population.

scholarly journals Perceived Role of Dietary Fiber in Healthy Diet and its Intake Pattern among Educated Urban Population

2015 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Abu Torab MA Rahim ◽  
Rumana Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Fiber Consumption ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Recommended Level

Dietary fiber (DF) is now considered as a part of healthful diet because it plays an important role in preventing many of organic diseases. A survey was conducted to evaluate the perceived role of DF in healthy diet and its intake level among educated urbanites of Dhaka city. For dietary information, a 24 hours recall method along with a 7 day food frequency questionnaire was used. The findings show that the respondents were aware of DF and were able to name fiber rich foods. They perceived that fruits and vegetables are the rich source of DF. But fiber consumption frequencies showed that majority of them do not take fruits and vegetables everyday. As a result DF intake of the respondents was found 7.87 g/day, far below the recommended level (25-35 g/day or 10 g/1000 Kcal). Thus the study revealed that though the health benefits of DF was perceived and recognized by our educated population but they do not practice it.

scholarly journals Diet and Anxiety: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4418
Author(s):  
Monique Aucoin ◽  
Laura LaChance ◽  
Umadevi Naidoo ◽  
Daniella Remy ◽  
Tanisha Shekdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Anxiety disorders are the most common group of mental disorders. There is mounting evidence demonstrating the importance of nutrition in the development and progression of mental disorders such as depression; however, less is known about the role of nutrition in anxiety disorders. This scoping review sought to systematically map the existing literature on anxiety disorders and nutrition in order to identify associations between dietary factors and anxiety symptoms or disorder prevalence as well as identify gaps and opportunities for further research. The review followed established methodological approaches for scoping reviews. Due to the large volume of results, an online program (Abstrackr) with artificial intelligence features was used. Studies reporting an association between a dietary constituent and anxiety symptoms or disorders were counted and presented in figures. A total of 55,914 unique results were identified. After a full-text review, 1541 articles met criteria for inclusion. Analysis revealed an association between less anxiety and more fruits and vegetables, omega-3 fatty acids, “healthy” dietary patterns, caloric restriction, breakfast consumption, ketogenic diet, broad-spectrum micronutrient supplementation, zinc, magnesium and selenium, probiotics, and a range of phytochemicals. Analysis revealed an association between higher levels of anxiety and high-fat diet, inadequate tryptophan and dietary protein, high intake of sugar and refined carbohydrates, and “unhealthy” dietary patterns. Results are limited by a large percentage of animal and observational studies. Only 10% of intervention studies involved participants with anxiety disorders, limiting the applicability of the findings. High quality intervention studies involving participants with anxiety disorders are warranted.

scholarly journals Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellas Cena ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of what constitutes a healthy diet is continually shifting to reflect the evolving understanding of the roles that different foods, essential nutrients, and other food components play in health and disease. A large and growing body of evidence supports that intake of certain types of nutrients, specific food groups, or overarching dietary patterns positively influences health and promotes the prevention of common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Greater consumption of health-promoting foods and limited intake of unhealthier options are intrinsic to the eating habits of certain regional diets such as the Mediterranean diet or have been constructed as part of dietary patterns designed to reduce disease risk, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. In comparison with a more traditional Western diet, these healthier alternatives are higher in plant-based foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds, and nuts and lower in animal-based foods, particularly fatty and processed meats. To better understand the current concept of a “healthy diet,” this review describes the features and supporting clinical and epidemiologic data for diets that have been shown to prevent disease and/or positively influence health. In total, evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials indicates that these types of dietary patterns reduce risks of NCDs including cardiovascular disease and cancer.

scholarly journals Vitamin K Nutrition and Bone Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Tsugawa ◽  
Masataka Shiraki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Dependent Protein

Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation and plays an important role in extrahepatic metabolism, such as in bone and blood vessels, and in energy metabolism. This review discusses the assessment of vitamin K sufficiency and the role of vitamin K in bone health. To elucidate the exact role of vitamin K in other organs, accurate tools for assessing vitamin K deficiency or insufficiency are crucial. Undercarboxylated vitamin K-dependent protein levels can be measured to evaluate tissue-specific vitamin K deficiency/insufficiency. Vitamin K has genomic action through steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR); however, the importance of this action requires further study. Recent studies have revealed that the bone-specific, vitamin K-dependent protein osteocalcin has a close relationship with energy metabolism through insulin sensitivity. Among the organs that produce vitamin K-dependent proteins, bone has attracted the most attention, as vitamin K deficiency has been consistently associated with bone fractures. Although vitamin K treatment addresses vitamin K deficiency and is believed to promote bone health, the corresponding findings on fracture risk reduction are conflicting. We also discuss the similarity of other vitamin supplementations on fracture risk. Future clinical studies are needed to further elucidate the effect of vitamin K on fracture risk.

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