scholarly journals The simultaneous existence of modernist and neo-avant-garde tendencies in nonconformist art of Ukraine in the 1980s

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Glib VYSHESLAVSKY
Keyword(s):  
Creative Activity ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Creativity Development ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
Simultaneous Existence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation

In the early 1980s, the nonconformist art movement in Odesa, which had been developing since the mid-1950s, was widened by a new generation of artists. Their art searches differed significantly from their senior colleagues, which led to the formation of a separate movement within nonconformism, which later became known as APTART. The differences were mainly in the worldview of artists, aesthetics, themes, artistic techniques. The art of the new generation was closer to the Western neo-avant-garde, while their older colleagues tended toward modernism. The presence of two different well-defined movements within the nonconformism, a phenomenon in itself countercultural to official culture, distinguished the artistic process in Odesa in the 1980s from other cities in Ukraine. It is these features of the artistic life of that time, still insufficiently covered and analysed. The text considers the part of the work of the Odesa APTART artists, which the most clearly displays the elements of neo-avant-garde aesthetics, that, accordingly, affected the artistic means: acts, performances happenings; the differences between the two groups of artists belonging to the nonconformist subculture were analysed. Specific acts, works of the APTART artists opposed to the background of creative activity of their colleagues are considered. The stages of the APTART artists’ creativity development are traced. Within the disclosure of the research theme, the text highlights the processes of nonconformist artistic life in the main cities of Ukraine, traces parallels to similar phenomena in world art. Due to the experience of recent researches, the terms that directly affect the subject of the paper are specified: nonconformism, informal art, avant-garde, modernism, neo-avant-garde.

scholarly journals Alexandra Ekster’s Contribution to Ukrainian and World Art Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Lesia TURCHAK
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Art History ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Teaching Activity ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Subject

The work of Ukrainian artists who have contributed to Ukrainian and international art, is not sufficiently disclosed. Their creative search impresses with versatility, interesting decision, continues to impress and inspire contemporaries. Purpose of the article — to find out the contribution of the Ukrainian avant-garde artist, set designer, teacher Oleksandra Ekster, to the Ukrainian and international fine arts. Oleksandra Ekster’s work has been the subject of research for decades. Scientists are interested in the painter’s art search, her contribution to Ukrainian avant-garde, scenography reforms, and teaching activity. Some sources may state that Ekster is a representative of Russian avant-garde. However, the artist grew up in Kyiv, obtained art education and promoted with her work not only Ukrainian but world avant-garde as well. The research of modern scientists (H. Kovalenko, D. Horbachova, T. Filevska, N. Stoliarchuk, M. Yur and others) makes it possible to review the artist’s life and artistic journey as well as her contribution to art history. The research methodology consists of a range of methods: historical, biographical, theoretical. The abovementioned methodological approach allows studying the question of historical data relating to the events in Ukraine that led to the emigration waves, finding out certain biographical facts and analyzing the artist’s creative activity.

scholarly journals Innovative trends in the symphonic works of Soviet composers of the 1960s and Symphony No.3 by B. Tishchenko. Part 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Iurii Eduardovich Serov
Keyword(s):  
New Music ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Russian Music ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Symphonic Music ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation

The subject of this research is the period of Russian symphonic music of the 1960s. A new generation of composers – the “Sixtiers” – introduced a fresh modern musical language and remarkable artistic achievements. In first part of the article, the author dwell on several fundamental symphonic works by R. Shchedrin, S. Slonimsky, E. Denisov, Y. Falik, N. Karetnikov, as well gives general characteristics to this period. The second part of the article examines the compositions by A. Schnittke and L. Prigozhin. Special attention is turned to the Symphony No.3 by Boris Tishchenko, who opens new stylistic horizons and encompasses the key trends of modern music, including the avant-garde, into his stylistic orbit. This article is first to consider B. Tishchenko's outstanding Symphony No.3 in the context of stylistic and linguistic innovations of the 1960s, which defines the scientific novelty. Analysis is conducted on the role and place of the youngest composer of the “Sixtiers” B. Tishchenko in the struggle for the “new music”. The conclusion is made that Tishchenko was one of the leaders in revival of the Russian music of the late XX century, and his Symphony No.3 reflects the pursuits of the postwar generation of Soviet composers to the fullest.

КУЛЬТУРНО-МИСТЕЦЬКА СПАДЩИНА УКРАЇНИ В НОВИХ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ОБСТАВИНАХ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admink Admink
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
The Subject

Аналізується тематичний ряд наукових статей, надісланих до фахового, науко-метричного збірника «Українська культура: минуле, сучасне, шляхи розвитку», Вип. 30 («мистецтвознавство»), виявляється проблематика, що є предметом наукового зацікавлення дослідників.Ключові слова: науковий пошук, культурно-мистецьке життя, сучасність, історична ретроспектива, міжкультурний вимір. The thematic number of scientific articles is sent to the professional, scientific and metric digest «Ukrainian Culture: Past, Present, Ways of Development» (vol.30, "Art Studies") and analyzed. The issues, which are the subject of scientific interest of researchers, are revealed. Key words: scientific search, cultural and artistic life, modernity, historical retrospective, intercultural dimension. Key words: scientific search, cultural and artistic life, modernity, historical retrospective, intercultural dimension.  

scholarly journals Colour Me Blue: The History and the Biotechnological Potential of Pyocyanin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Thiago Gonçalves ◽  
Ulrich Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Subject

Pyocyanin was the first natural phenazine described. The molecule is synthesized by about 95% of the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From discovery up to now, pyocyanin has been characterised by a very rich and avant-garde history, which includes its use in antimicrobial therapy, even before the discovery of penicillin opened the era of antibiotic therapy, as well as its use in electric current generation. Exhibiting an exuberant blue colour and being easy to obtain, this pigment is the subject of the present review, aiming to narrate its history as well as to unveil its mechanisms and suggest new horizons for applications in different areas of engineering, biology and biotechnology.

Життєтворчість Іллі Саца у вітчизняному культурному просторі початку ХХ століття

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Badalov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Music Criticism ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Life

The subject of the study is comprehensive understanding of the life and creativity by I. Sats – a significant figure in the national musical life of the early twentieth century.The purpose of the article is exploring the circumstances of I. Sats’ activity in the socio-cultural context of the era.The methodology of the article includes: historical and chronological method – for studying the events of the artist’s biography; source method – for research of archival materials, correspondence, reconstruction of composer’s creative life; hermeneutical analysis method – for interpretation of literary inheritance (libretto, music criticism) by I. Sats in the context of the early twentieth century; logic-generalization method – to summarize the results of the study.As a result of the research, a complex view on the multivectoral creative activity by I. Sats was formed, his significant role in the formation of new genres of musical and theatrical creativity, development of the humanitarian space of Chernihiv, Irkutsk, and Moscow was proved. The application of the results of the research in scientific, music-pedagogical and educational activities will significantly expand the established ideas about the development of the national musical culture.Key words: music for theater, Moscow Art Theater, satirical opera, I. Sats, Chernihiv region, Irkutsk music classes.

The Book of Poetry Hysterical Fans and Its Preface by Theodor Chakarmov

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-403
Author(s):  
Olga Saveska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
International Context ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Aesthetic Thinking

The most famous book of poetry by the yambol poet Teodor Draganov, Hysterical Fans (Истерични веери), deserves to be the subject of wider scholarly interest. This article aims to show the functional and pragmatic characteristics of its preface, written by the poet Theodor Chakarmov. The functional characteristics of the preface that make it a pretext for a manifesto, as well as its interpretive functions are analyzed in the text. Attention is paid to the place this book of poetry takes in the context of both the Bulgarian and European avant-garde. The text will answer the following questions: who and what are the influences on the author of the preface and the author of the main text, what is the nature of their aesthetic thinking, what is the "appropriate" readership for the book, and what features of the preface and the volume make them suitable for analysis in an international context.

scholarly journals Children’s perceptions of democratic values: Implications for democratic citizen education

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalie Botha ◽  
Ina Joubert ◽  
Anna Hugo
Keyword(s):  
National Curriculum ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Citizen Education ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Democratic Citizen ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation

A new generation of children are learning the importance of democratic values at a level which makes sense to them. Appropriate ‘democratic values’ for South Africa are set out in the Constitution, and the national curriculum aims to equip all learners with the knowledge and skills necessary for meaningful participation in society. In many schools, these values – responsibility, respect and the freedom of self-expression – are merely posted on the walls of classrooms, but are not integrated into the subject content. This article proposes that teachers need to determine children’s perceptions of the values in question, and these should be the starting point for teaching democratic values. Young children need to understand and experience values in the classroom, suitable to the development of their moral reasoning. To concretise concepts of values, we used the ‘pledge tree’ activity in an intervention, in which 9-year-old children wrote their values on paper ‘leaves’ which they then posted on a huge polystyrene tree. The paper reports on this experience as a research investigation, capturing children’s ideas.

The Fall of Balmaceda and Public Finance in Chile: New Data for an Old Debate

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bowman ◽  
Michael Wallerstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
Presidential System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Over Time

The 1891 civil war that led to the downfall of President José Manuel Balmaceda is without doubt one of the most visible episodes of Chilean history. Already the subject of a voluminous bibliography by 1894 (Echeverría y Reyes, 1894), the “revolution's” importance to historians of Chile actually increased over time as a new generation of scholars came to view it not merely as a discrete event of limited intrinsic interest but as an important key to understanding Chile's subsequent political and economic development. In retrospect, the conflict came to be seen as a “crucial watershed” in Chilean history (Blakemore, 1974: 243), marking the replacement of a presidential system—1833-1891—notable in nineteenth-century Latin America for political stability, by a parliamentary system—1891-1924—notorious for political and monetary disorder.

Bulgarian Ritual Kinship (Kumstvo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Petko Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation

Among the Orthodox Christians on the Balkans, the rituals of Christian baptism and marriage traditionally give rise to ritual kinship relationships, not only among individuals but also among family groups that were until then unrelated. Only among Bulgarians, Serbians, and Macedonians, these relationships are carried on hereditarily and are constructed according to the patrilineal kinship model. The godfather’s role ( kumstvo) is inherited as symbolic capital by the family-kin groups of both the godparents and the godchildren. These are relations of symbolic inequality and have a ritual character: both the calendar feast cycle and the lifecycle rituals are marked by symbolic rights and obligations, which are still observed until the present day in most Bulgarian families, for example, mandatory gift exchange. The belief in the power of the godparent’s curse is still alive today in a number of regions in Bulgaria. On the other hand, the godparent tradition among Bulgarians acquired new meaning and new dimensions during the decades of socialism and postsocialist transition. During the last two or three decades, the godparent relationship has become a way of building new social networks, often of a clientelist nature. More and more often, ritual kinship relations are used for benefits and hierarchical ascent, similarly to nepotism. This process leads to the reformation of social networks—it still functions as social capital, but to each new generation. Every new family chooses different godparents, thus creating new social networks. Research about godparent relations among Bulgarians and, more generally, on the Balkans, is based on both existing studies on the subject and on the author’s personal fieldwork research in Bulgaria.

“PURGING THE ELITE” IN TYUMEN IN 1937-1938

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. KONONENKO ◽  
Artem A. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Collective Leadership ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Security Service ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Structural Methods ◽  
The City

The political repressions of the 1930s in the USSR have repeatedly been the subject of interest of historians. Nevertheless, there are practically no studies of political repressions of the 1930s in relation to nomenklatura workers at the level of the provincial Siberian city of Tyumen. This article aims to reveal the cause-and-effect relationship in the issue of physical liquidation of the thinnest layer of the party-economic nomenklatura, using the case of the city party organization of the CPSU(b) of Tyumen in 1937-1938. We have restricted ourselves to one of the components of the “Great Terror”, namely to “purging the elite”. The research was conducted using the documents from two regional departments of the USSR Federal Security Service (FSB), former party archives of the Tyumen and Omsk regions, and periodicals. This required employing prosopographic, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, and system-structural methods. Such approach allowed clarifying the biographical data of the leaders of the city in 1936-1938 and classifying the criminal acts, incriminated to the accused. The results of a comprehensive analysis of the sources show that the cause of the personnel purge should be considered a violation of the imbalance between the limited collective leadership and the still limited one-man dictatorship of I. V. Stalin’s dictatorship. The limited collective leadership was no longer in line with the reality of one man’s increasing power. Rotation of undesirable workers as an alternative to personnel cleansing proved to be unsuccessful. The motive for repressions against workers who had never participated in the opposition was their casual contacts and acquaintances with former opposition figures described as “spies and terrorists” in 1937-1938. The party, Soviet, and Komsomol workers who had no such contacts, though subjected to repression, were rehabilitated. Finally, in terms of their educational and professional level, the new generation of city party workers did not differ from the previous one.

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