scholarly journals Land market: the perspectives for Ukraine and Ukrainians

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danylenko Bohdan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Court System ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Society Business ◽  
The World

Since 2001, the time when Land code of Ukraine was adopted and the campaign of land privatization was held, the restriction for sale of agricultural lands is in force. In 2019 new Ukrainian government announced the end of restriction and the opening of land market in 2020. The author examines the present state of land relations in Ukraine to make the conclusion whether Ukraine is ready for land market. Ukraine has one of the best agricultural lands in the world. They occupy 70 % of the territory of the country. The percentage of arable lands is the highest in the world – more than 50 %. Land reform in Ukraine was started in 1991 and is still not finished. As a result of reform peasants became owners of most of agricultural lands. So land market is a crucial theme for the country. Despite of the fact, that citizens are owners of land parcels, most of them are removed from agriculture. Tenants are those, who really have the profit. Big profit. Owners get low rent and know nothing about the real cost of their own land, the crops, that raise constantly and the money they bring. A big part of tenants are foreign companies. Such foreign investments, unfortunately, bring nothing for the economy of Ukraine. The government does not protect national agriculture. In opposite, it ruines it. Before privatization the owners of agricultural land were was companies based on cooperation. Due to administrative pressure they were destroyed by privatization of land. New owners instantly became the victims of tenants. Now the reform of self government is held in Ukraine. It provides the amalgamation of villages and transmission of powers from the state to local authorities. This will result in loss of land resources by local people. The climate change is crucial theme for agriculture. Population on the planet grows but agricultural lands constantly disappear. In this context Ukrainian lands have strategic value in global scale. It may seem incredibly, but issues of climate change and land market are never examined together in Ukraine. But they are examined in such way by countries, that have not enough land resources but enough money to buy them. This brings us to the other important issue – the food security. Even now 90 % of crop is exported abroad. Internal market is not provided sufficiently by domestic agriculture. Ukraine is number one in the world in production of sunflower-seed oil, but we still have to import it! What does it mean? It means that crops are controlled only by private persons in private interests. Public interests are not provided. The perspective of acquisition of land by foreign countries in such situation is threatening for the country. The rule of law in Ukraine is not working. The court system is weak, corrupted and politically influenced. The right of property has not enough respect in society. Business works illegally. The latter is used by the organized crime, especially in agricultural business. The organized crime in this sphere is stronger than ever. As a result of conducted research, the author makes conclusion, that Ukraine presently is not ready for land market. Keywords: land, climate, market, investments, corruption, food security

scholarly journals The World Experience in the Regulation of the Land Circulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-568
Author(s):  
Grygorii Kaletnik ◽  
Inna Honcharuk ◽  
Tetiana Yemchyk ◽  
Yuliia Okhota
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Land Circulation ◽  
The World

The article examines the state of the agricultural development in Ukraine in the context of the crop and livestock industries. The use of land resources by different owners and the structure of agricultural land were also analyzed. The problems of the development of the electronic cadastre of the land   resources were identified. The proposals to use the world experience of agricultural land use in Ukraine were substantiated. The proposals for the improvement the legal framework in the field of the agricultural land circulation were elaborated. Keywords: land market, gross production, world experience, crop production, animal husbandry, land resources

scholarly journals Edible mycorrhizal fungi of the world: What is their role in forest sustainability, food security, biocultural conservation and climate change?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Pérez‐Moreno ◽  
Alexis Guerin‐Laguette ◽  
Andrea C. Rinaldi ◽  
Fuqiang Yu ◽  
Annemieke Verbeken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
The World ◽  
Biocultural Conservation

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Sustainable Agriculture of Smallholder Farmers in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1107
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Phu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
The World

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human beings, and agriculture is one of the fields that is most negatively affected by climate change. Farmers around the world and global food supply chains are impacted by the more extreme weather phenomena and increased damage of diseases and pests caused by climate change. Today, almost all agricultural enterprises and farms consider climate change a serious long-term risk for their production. Agricultural land systems can produce significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) by the conversion of forests to crop- and animal lands, and also through the weak management of crops and livestock. Around the world, cultivation and cattle production accounts for 25% of global GHG emissions (Javeline, ‎2014). However, under suitable conditions, agriculture can create environmental conditions that can help minimize pollution and the negative effects of climate change including carbon absorption by green plants in forests, and fields for watershed protection and biodiversity conservation. Sustainable agriculture helps farmers to adapt, maintain, and improve productivity without applying harmful techniques. In turn, this allows farms to manage and mitigate climate-related risks in their supply chains. The Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN) has found new ways to incorporate smart climate cultivation methods into all farming practices to help farms and enterprises carry out agriculture sustainably.

scholarly journals Does Climate Change Affect the Yield of the Top Three Cereals and Food Security in the World?

Earth ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
Dhurba Neupane ◽  
Pramila Adhikari ◽  
Dwarika Bhattarai ◽  
Birendra Rana ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
World Food Security

Climate prediction models suggest that agricultural productivity will be significantly affected in the future. The expected rise in average global temperature due to the higher release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere and increased depletion of water resources with enhanced climate variability will be a serious threat to world food security. Moreover, there is an increase in the frequency and severity of long-lasting drought events over 1/3rd of the global landmass and five times increase in water demand deficits during the 21st century. The top three cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa), are the major and staple food crops of most people across the world. To meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population, which is expected to increase by over 9 billion by 2050, there is a dire need to increase cereal production by approximately 70%. However, we have observed a dramatic decrease in area of fertile and arable land to grow these crops. This trend is likely to increase in the future. Therefore, this review article provides an extensive review on recent and future projected area and production, the growth requirements and greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of the top three cereal crops, the effects of climate change on their yields, and the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and hormonal responses of plants to drought. We also discuss the potential strategies to tackle the effects of climate change and increase yields. These strategies include integrated conventional and modern molecular techniques and genomic approach, the implementation of agronomic best management (ABM) practices, and growing climate resilient cereal crops, such as millets. Millets are less resource-intensive crops and release a lower amount of greenhouse gases compared to other cereals. Therefore, millets can be the potential next-generation crops for research to explore the climate-resilient traits and use the information for the improvement of major cereals.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Factors Affecting China's Food Security and The Countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
National Food Security ◽  
Global Food

Food security is the foundation of a country's social stability and economic development. This paper compares the global food security with China's food situation, summarizes the main problems of China's food security, and explores the factors that affect China's food security, including the shortage of agricultural land resources, the inability to meet the needs of food production, the rapid growth of food demand, the aggravation of the imbalance of food supply and the threat from the international market. Based on this, the paper puts forward suggestions of relevant policy to ensure national food security, in order to provide a scientific basis for the policy formulation of relevant government departments.

Food and feed security

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
M Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Food Production ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Food And Feed

Food security is a global issue. General acceptance of the UN prediction that the world must increase food production by at least 50% in the next 20 years, and at least 100% in the next 40. Climate change and water availability will make this extremely challenging.

scholarly journals Urban Agriculture: Search for Agricultural Practice in Urbanized Rural Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu ◽  
Sema Gün
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Rapid urbanization in developing countries involves unplanned migration, unemployment and poverty. The steady shrinking of rural areas and the use of agricultural land for other purposes are progressively increasing the pressure on natural resources. This development on the one hand increases the risk to food security, and on the other triggers climate change. The rural population who migrate to the cities or who are absorbed into urban areas continue their agricultural activities in the urban in order to provide themselves with an income or to maintain their food security. In the big cities of the developed world, contact with nature is kept by means of hobby gardens, recreational areas and urban and suburban plant and animal farming, and creative ideas such as roof gardens can be found. This development, known as urban agriculture, is practiced by 800 million people in the world. Urban agriculture has many economic, social and environmental benefits, but it may also have risks and adverse effects. In this study, the developments in this area in Turkey and the world are presented, and all aspects of its effects and outcomes are discussed.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF THE CIRCULATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND: SEARCH FOR A UKRAINIAN MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Ruslan SHELUDKO ◽  
Dmytro HOPTSII
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Land Circulation ◽  
The World

Introduction. The prerequisites for the circulation of agricultural land in Ukraine are considered in the article. The attention is paid to the peculiarities in comparison with other countries, which is important when choosing the Ukrainian model of the circulation of agricultural land. The purpose of the article is to study systematically the existed agricultural models of the circulation of agricultural land in the world and to determine the most appropriate one for Ukraine in the current geopolitical conditions. The results of the research. The classification of the agricultural land circulation models is proposed for the entities that can be market participants. The determined components that need clear regulation in the Ukrainian model are identified on the analysis basis of agricultural land circulation models existing in different countries of the world. These include entities that may be market participants; presence or absence of special entities; presence or absence of priority for the purchase of agricultural land; maximum area of agricultural land that can be privately owned by one person; food security mechanism; state mechanism of market regulation. The influence of each component on the market model in different countries is considered. It is proved that all countries whose market models are considered successful have a high level of state regulation aimed at protecting of national interests and supporting of domestic family-type farms. The conclusions. A village-saving model of agricultural land circulation has been proposed for Ukraine, which involves giving farmers a priority in the purchase of agricultural land, the creation of a State Land Bank and a State Reserve of agricultural land that cannot be transferred to private property to guarantee the country's food security. Keywords: agricultural land circulation, land market, moratorium, market model, agricultural land circulation model.

scholarly journals The global context of land market liberalization in Ukraine: opportunities and risks for rural development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Sidenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The Impact

The article considers various global factors influencing rural development under the conditions of liberalization of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. The author assesses the impact of global processes and global capital on the development of national farms, income distribution, access to land resources, production processes and equitable development in this country. It is proved that globalization, leading to increased concentration of agri-food production and business and expanding the role of large transnationalized corporations, is primarily aimed at exploiting the country’s existing comparative advantages, rather than increasing them, and promotes, in many recipient countries, a model of double economy split in the technological and socio-economic dimensions into qualitatively heterogeneous sectors. The author concludes that although global factors of agricultural production may have a relatively positive impact in macroeconomic terms, the dominance of multinational (transnational) companies, large exporting companies and financially powerful sovereign welfare funds in the market may create risks and threats of crowding out Ukrainian farmers from the market and blocking the sustainable development of rural areas. At the same time, Ukraine's agricultural sector will be transformed into a raw-material link of global food production chains dominated by large transnationalized entities, and a kind of raw-material enclave of transnationalized production will be created within the Ukrainian economy. The article argues that in today's global economy, where cardinal transformations are taking place and uncertainty is growing, land will become an increasingly valuable asset, attractive not only to agricultural producers but also to land speculators and those who try to maintain the value of their assets under the conditions of growing global risks. Under such conditions, investment in land will not at all necessarily contribute to the development of agricultural production, because speculative capital in the face of widespread expectations of a long and significant upward trend in land prices will prevail over productive agricultural capital. In general, this might lead to a significant increase in the cost of agricultural production and food prices. The author proves that the liberalization of the land market leads to increased risks of transfer of the control over Ukraine’s land resources to foreigners (sovereign financial funds and major international corporations), given their dramatic advantage by available financial resources for land acquisition, compared to those possessed by Ukraine’s residents. The article substantiates a set of policy measures and national policy instruments necessary to minimize the risks associated with the introduction (in the context of globalization) of free purchase and sale of agricultural land, which comply with the regulation principles of the European Union.

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