scholarly journals The Effective Management and Outcome of Hand Burns

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Subin Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Scar Contracture ◽  
Severe Burns ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Hand Burns

Burns is a common public health problem and these injuries can be accidental, suicidal or even homicidal in nature. Hands being the most active part of the body, are often involved in burns. Hand burns represent three percent of body surface area, and are involved in more than 80% of all severe burns. Hand burns predominantly affect young adults and therefore have serious social and financial implications. The hand is one of the most frequent sites of burns scar contracture deformity. The deformities and contractures result in lifelong physical problems and affects the normal functioning of the person.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Sustainable Development in the Context of Public Health Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Ioana-Codruta Racz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Good Nutrition

Abstract Health is an integral part of sustainable development, a process that can’t be materialized if there is a high prevalence of diseases, a high percentage of those is due to environmental factors. An important component of health is the healthy nutrition, especially of children and pregnant women. Iodine is an essential micronutrient for a good nutrition that covers the physiological needs of the body, iodine deficiency having important consequences for mother and fetus, then for children, especially in the first years of life. The main role of iodine in the body is due to his importance for synthesis of thyroid hormones involved in growth and development of psychic and somatic body, starting with intrauterine life. Iodine deficiency was, and still is, a public health problem, globally the most affected countries are in Central Africa, central South America and northern Asia. Europe iodine deficiency is relatively lower. Multiple interventions were made to improve and even eradicate iodine deficiency disorders, in particular through the universal iodization of salt for human consumption, but must be supported in continuing efforts because this issue is not fully resolved to this day.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Contraceptive Education Intervention in a College Setting: Design and Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Evans ◽  
Breanna De Leon ◽  
Reaghan Bathrick ◽  
Annie Ricupero
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Contraceptive Education

Background: Unintended pregnancy continues to be a public health concern across the nation. National data demonstrates the highest rates of unintended pregnancy occurs in women who are 18 to 24 years old. Providing practical and meaningful health education about contraception has the potential to reduce unintended pregnancy and improve quality of life for young adults. This paper describes the design and methodology for a comprehensive contraceptive education intervention at a public university. Methods: Convenience sampling was used with a custom survey conducted in Women’s Health classes from 2015-2021. Surveys contained questions about demographic characteristics, knowledge of contraception options, sources of knowledge, stress levels, and confidence in knowledge. Students completed a pretest, received a comprehensive contraception health education lecture, and completed a post-test. Data collection was approved by the university’s IRB, and analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 27. Conclusion: At a time when reproductive freedom, choice, and justice is scrutinized and suppressed, it is imperative that young adults maintain and understand the importance of having control over when, where, and how they decide to have children if they desire to do so. There is a need for continued comprehensive health education and appropriate resources at the university level. The use of assessments, building trusted professor-student relationships, and exploring credible and reliable information sources can be used to reduce the number of unintended pregnancies for college-aged students. If significant, the replication of the design and methods could have a significant impact on the public health problem of unintended pregnancies, maternal health equity, and reproductive justice.

scholarly journals Future perspectives in addressing the global issue of vitamin D deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Mendes ◽  
K. Charlton ◽  
S. Thakur ◽  
H. Ribeiro ◽  
S. A. Lanham-New
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Wide Range

Vitamin D is a fundamentally critical nutrient that the human body requires to function properly. It plays an important role in musculoskeletal health due to its involvement in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus. Having a low level of vitamin D in the body may be detrimental for a wide range of health outcomes, including risk of osteoporotic and stress fractures, risk of CVD and some cancers, and lowering of the capability of the immune system. Vitamin D is an unusual nutrient; it is not a vitamin, in the true sense of the word but a pro-hormone. The main source of vitamin D is UV exposure, not dietary intake. Interestingly, there are two forms of vitamin D, vitamin D2 and vitamin D3, both of which are metabolised into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the liver, the biomarker of vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, especially amongst older people and ethnic minority groups. The newest publication from the UK Government's Public Health England Department recommends that vitamin D intake should be 10 μg daily and this recommendation compares well (albeit lower) with other guidelines such as the Institute of Medicine recommendation of 15 μg for those aged 1–70 years and 20 μg for those 70 years or over. Few countries, however, have a specific vitamin D policy to prevent deficiency in populations. Finland leads the way, demonstrating impressive results in reducing population-level vitamin D deficiency through mandatory food fortification programmes. Collaboration between academia, government and industry, including countries from varying latitudes, is essential to identify long-term solutions to the global issue of vitamin D deficiency. This paper provides a narrative review of the evidence related to the role of vitamin D deficiency in health outcomes, outlines controversies regarding setting levels of adequacy, identifies the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency across the globe, and identifies population-level strategies adopted by countries to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Dietary Knowledge, Dietary Adherence, and BMI of Lebanese Adolescents and Their Parents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Liliane Said ◽  
Jessica S. Gubbels ◽  
Stef P. J. Kremers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Dietary Knowledge ◽  
Paediatric Obesity ◽  
Low Levels

Paediatric obesity is a severe public health problem accompanied by several physical and mental complications, mainly due to an imbalance between energy input and output. Dietary behaviours are influenced by many demographic factors and determinants, such as the place of residence and the level of dietary knowledge of the children and their parents. The aim of the current paper is to assess the levels of dietary knowledge, dietary adherence (in relation to recommendations), and the body mass index (BMI) of Lebanese adolescents in association with demographic variables, their parents’ dietary knowledge and adherence levels, and with other lifestyle behaviours. This cross-sectional study included 1535 Lebanese adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, from 16 public and private high schools located in urban and rural regions, and 317 of their parents. Our results showed that 30.2% of the adolescents were overweight or obese. Participants enrolled in private schools and those living in urban regions had a significantly higher BMI z-score compared to those enrolled in public schools and living in rural regions, respectively. In addition, Lebanese adolescents generally had low levels of dietary knowledge and 32.4% had low levels of dietary adherence. Their dietary adherence was significantly associated with their parents’ dietary adherence. The findings underline the significant role of the parents in shaping their children’s eating behaviours, in addition to the other determinants and factors affecting the diet of Lebanese adolescents. As the prevalence of paediatric overweight and obesity has reached alarming rates, the results of the current study have important implications for both public health policies and obesity prevention interventions in the Middle East and worldwide.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of a Hausa Language Questionnaire Assessing Information, Motivation and Behavioural Skills for Malaria Prevention during Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMED DAHIRU BALAMI ◽  
Salmiah Muhammad Said ◽  
Nor Afiah Muhammad Zulkefli ◽  
Bachok Norsa’adah ◽  
Bala Muhammad Audu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Expert ◽  
Itn Use ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Many studies on malaria knowledge, attitude and practice among pregnant have been conducted in Hausa speaking communities in Nigeria. Despite this, no standard and uniform instrument for assessing this important public health problem has been developed in the Hausa language, even though it is widely spoken. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire in Hausa language assessing information, motivation, and behavioural skills for malaria prevention during pregnancy. Methods The questionnaire was first developed in English language, and then assessed for its contents by a team of experts. It was then forwardly translated to Hausa, and backwardly translated again to English by independent language experts. These two English versions were then compared by a Public Health expert, following which the questionnaire was administered to 190 Hausa speaking antenatal care attendees. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the data collected. Sixty three out of the 190 respondents were invited after two weeks to answer the same questionnaire, following which reliability tests were performed. Results The questionnaire showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.859, 0.890 and 0.773 for information, motivation and behavioural skills constructs respectively. The motivation and behavioural skills constructs were able to delineate their items into three and two sub-sections respectively. The factor loadings for the two constructs ranged from 0.610 to 0.965. As for test retest reliability, the Krippendorff’s alpha values for the items of the motivation section ranged from 0.941 to 0.996; that for behavioural skills ranged from 0.810 to 0.953, while for frequency of ITN use, it was 0.988. The Cohen’s kappa values for the information section ranged from 0.689-0.974, except the item for ‘fever’ (zazzabi) which was 0.382, and was as such reworded to a simpler terminology ‘hotness of the body’ (zafin jiki). Conclusions The Hausa language IMB questionnaire on malaria in pregnancy demonstrated good validity, and a high level of reliability. It is as such recommended for use among Hausa speaking communities to ensure uniformity and objectivity.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of a Hausa Language Questionnaire Assessing Information, Motivation and Behavioural Skills for Malaria Prevention during Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMED DAHIRU BALAMI ◽  
Salmiah Muhammad Said ◽  
Nor Afiah Muhammad Zulkefli ◽  
Bachok Norsa’adah ◽  
Bala Muhammad Audu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Expert ◽  
Itn Use ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Many studies on malaria knowledge, attitude and practice among pregnant women have been conducted in Hausa speaking communities in Nigeria. Despite this, no standard and uniform instrument for assessing this important public health problem has been developed in the Hausa language, even though it is widely spoken. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire in Hausa language assessing information, motivation, and behavioural skills for malaria prevention during pregnancy.Methods: The questionnaire was first developed in English language, and then assessed for its contents by a team of experts. It was then forwardly translated to Hausa, and backwardly translated again to English by independent language experts. These two English versions were then compared by a Public Health expert, following which the questionnaire was administered to 190 Hausa speaking antenatal care attendees. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the data collected. Sixty three out of the 190 respondents were invited after two weeks to answer the same questionnaire, following which reliability tests were performed.Results: The questionnaire showed good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.859, 0.890 and 0.773 for information, motivation and behavioural skills constructs respectively. The motivation and behavioural skills constructs were able to delineate their items into three and two sub-sections respectively. The factor loadings for the two constructs ranged from 0.610 to 0.965. As for test retest reliability, the Krippendorff’s alpha values for the items of the motivation section ranged from 0.941 to 0.996; that for behavioural skills ranged from 0.810 to 0.953, while for frequency of ITN use, it was 0.988. The Cohen’s kappa values for the information section ranged from 0.689-0.974, except the item for ‘fever’ (zazzabi) which was 0.382, and was as such reworded to a simpler terminology ‘hotness of the body’ (zafin jiki).Conclusions: The Hausa language IMB questionnaire on malaria in pregnancy demonstrated good validity, and a high level of reliability. It is as such recommended for use among Hausa speaking communities to ensure uniformity and objectivity.

scholarly journals Youth unemployment and mental health: Prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirbaye Mokona ◽  
Kalkidan Yohannes ◽  
Getinet Ayano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: The high rate of unemployment among young adults in Ethiopia (aged 18 to 30 years) is a public health concern. The risk of mental health problems like depression is higher among the unemployed than among the employed. However, there is no study conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was employed among 1452 unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia from May to July, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The presence of depression was assessed by using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and data on socio-demographic characteristics of study participants was collected by using structured questionnaire. Data was coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with depression, and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval. Result: The overall prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults in the present study was 30.9% (95% CI: 28.4%, 33.1%). Of the total study participants with depression, 56.7% had mild depression, 36% had moderate depression, and 7.3% had severe depression. Being male (AOR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.80), long duration of unemployment (≥1years) (AOR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.99), low self-esteem (AOR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.68), poor social support (AOR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.93), and current alcohol use (AOR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.59) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that depression is an important public health problem among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. The results of our study suggest that policy makers and program planners should establish appropriate strategy for prevention, early detection and management of depression among this population. Moreover, this study also indicates that addressing the need of unemployed young people, improving access to care for depression is an important next step. Furthermore, we recommend further studies to understand the nature of depression among unemployed young people and to strengthen the current results.

Drowning deaths in Mthatha area of South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Meel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Deaths by drowning are a serious public health problem worldwide. They are under-investigated and hence under-estimated. Drowning is an important and preventable cause of death. This paper aims to estimate the deaths by drowning in Mthatha area of South Africa. Records of the medico-legal autopsies in Umtata General Hospital (UGH) were reviewed from 1993 to 2004. All cases of unnatural death are brought by the police to UGH mortuary. Three hundred and forty-three cases of death as a result of drowning were recorded over a period of 12 years (1993-2004). There was an increased trend of drowning from 2.7 per 100, 000 in 1993 to 12 per 100, 000 in 2004. Males outnumbered females by 2.6:1. The incidence of drowning declines as age advances. The highest number (96) of victims was under ten years of age. Deaths due to drowning are increasing especially among male children and young adults.

The lead toxicity and pollution with this element in Poland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Charkiewicz ◽  
Jeffrey Backstrand
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Sex Drive ◽  
Occupational And Environmental Exposure

Abstract Background The aim of this review is to describe lead’s toxic effects on the human body from conception through adulthood.Results One toxic heavy metal is lead. Pb is very dangerous when it is absorbed and accumulates in the main organs of the body where it can cause a range of symptoms that vary from person to person, the time of exposure and dose. Lead in adults can cause an increase in blood pressure, slow nerve conduction, fatigue, mood swings, drowsiness, impaired concentration, fertility disorders, decreased sex drive, headaches, constipation and in severe cases encephalopathy or death.Conclusions Toxic exposure to lead in Poland remains an important public health problem. This review will cover the range of lead exposures, from mild to heavy. Public health interventions and policies also are needed to reduce occupational and environmental exposure to this heavy metal.

scholarly journals Arsenicosis and its management

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
NB Shakya ◽  
SL Rajbhandari ◽  
RK Deo ◽  
SM Jha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
South East Asian Region ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
Soil And Water

Arsenic is a metalloid, a known poison as well as carcinogen that occurs naturally in earth,s crust. It is found in most of the environmental media such as air, soil and water. It enters the body through ingestion, inhalation and per cutaneous route. Health hazards of arsenic toxicity can occur as acute and chronic forms. Recently arsenicosis has emerged as a public health problem in many countries of South East Asian region. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4079Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.58-63

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