SECOND STAGE OF JUDICIARY REFORM IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Yevhen Оleksandrovych Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Video Communications ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Judicial Administration ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Electronic Cabinet ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Trial Participants

The paper shows changes in the judiciary, in connection with the liquidation and creation of local courts in Ukraine. The necessity of creating more convenient access to the cases through the Internet is described, so that they will be solved more quickly, and the burden on the court specialists will be reduced. The positive changes and changes were analyzed, with the beginning of the second stage of judicial reform in 2018. The urgency of creating a separate electronic cabinet, for each case, where the court and participants in the trial process will be able to review all documents at any time, is substantiated. This minimizes the probability of delaying the cases when the parties challenge all decisions of the courts without exception.It has been determined that judicial reform involves the need for access to cases through the Internet. In the same way, different documents must be translated to higher authorities. Due to electronic circulation, they will be solved more quickly, the burden on the court experts will be reduced, and public money will be saved. In order for this innovation to work in full, amendments will be made to the legislation. It is noted that an important step forward: a court session can be held in a video conference. For example, the lawyer, from his e-office, can represent the interests of the company: send documents, get video communications during meetings. It is substantiated that a separate electronic cabinet should be created for each case, where the court and trial participants will be able to review all documents at any time. Of course, to use this technology, you need to register in the system email and digital signature. This minimizes the probability of delaying cases when the parties challenge all, without exception, court decisions. Now the electronic review will be not only possible, but also mandatory. If, within five days, the court will not be able to provide electronic proceedings, documents will be translated into paper form. In order for these provisions to work, the State Judicial Administration should publish an instruction on the website of the Verkhovna Rada, solve the issue of setting up electronic cabinets, registering electronic addresses and video fixing.

Features of Copyright and Related Rights Defense on the Internet: Scientific Discussion at a Seminar in the First Court of Appeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
N. V. Buzova ◽  
◽  
M. M. Karelina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Interim Measures ◽  
Judicial Protection ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Court Of Appeal

The final stage of the judicial reform was the creation of new cassation and appeal courts in the system of courts of general jurisdiction that provide additional guarantees for the effective judicial protection of citizens. Russian legislation establishes a mechanism for the protection of infringed copyright and related rights on the Internet. Such a mechanism provides for the imposition of interim measures by the Moscow City Court and the termination by Roskomnadzor of access to the site or page of the site on the Internet, on which information is posted in violation of copyright and related rights. In the case of interim measures, the case decision belongs to competence of the Moscow City Court. As a result of changes in the legislation on the judicial system, the courts of appeal and cassation of general jurisdiction began to work. Consideration of complaints against judicial acts of the Moscow City Court, rendered by them at first instance, are referred to the competence of the new courts. The article notes the stages of development of legislation on copyright protection on the Internet, as well as some problematic aspects of copyright and related rights protection on the Internet.

The Scientific Concept of the Organization of Judicial Sctivity in the Context of its Digital Transformation: Definition and Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
E.V. Burdina ◽  
◽  
N.A. Petukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Judicial Administration ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
New Type ◽  
Legal Forms

The digital transformation of the judiciary actualizes scientific problems of a managerial nature related to the search for more effective organizational forms of judicial activity in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to justify the scientific concept of the organization of judicial activity, the content of which would make it possible to improve the processes of intrasystem management of the activities of the courts to achieve the goals of the formation of the information society and digital economy. The worldview and methodological basis were the work of scientists and the methods used by them in the analysis of the general theory of public management and public administration. The modern scientifically grounded concept of the organization of judicial activity is a system of guiding ideas that define, for a clearly defined perspective, the tasks, principles, directions and organizational and legal forms of public administration in the judicial sphere to achieve national goals. The content of this concept is an intra-system organizational and management activity, considered in two aspects: functional (goals, objectives, principles, directions, forms and means) and institutional (legal statuses, structure of the judicial organization, judicial self-government bodies, public service). It is argued that the intrasystem judicial management reveals the content of the analyzed concept. The authors, analyzing the terms «judicial management» and «judicial administration», consider them close, but not identical, the criterion for distinguishing them is the professionalization of subjects of organizational and managerial activity. The work defines the strategic goals of the judicial management, its main directions. The conclusion is substantiated that a new type of judicial organization will reflect its technological effectiveness and will result from the modification of its model: from the organization of judges and judicial personnel to the model of a unified organization of judges, court administrations and information systems. This organizational regularity will need to be taken into account in judicial reform plans.

scholarly journals Fraud, Economic versus Social-Psychological Losses, and Sustainable E-Auction

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3130
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Zhang ◽  
Fu-Sheng Tsai ◽  
Chih-Chen Lin ◽  
Ya-Fang Cheng ◽  
Kun-Hwa Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Network Externality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Practical Implications

As compared to the economic losses, social and psychological losses are of equal importance in discussing the losses when encountering fraud. Taking advantage of a perspective paper form (i.e., free writing style with a mix of description, analysis, and comments) with in-depth discussions and well-developed propositions, we combine considerations from the knowledge gap, platform quality, and risk management to discuss the comparative seriousness of different fraud-caused losses. The conceptual model mainly articulates on a series of relationships among different degrees of knowledge gap, platform quality, and risk management in predicting the various combinative losses in the economic, social, and psychological aspects. Propositions follow. First, when the knowledge gap is higher, the economic losses of being cheated on the internet will be higher, while lower in social and psychological losses. Second, when perceived platform quality is higher, the economic losses of being cheated on the internet will be lower, while higher in social and psychological losses. Third, when platform risk management is better, all aspects of being cheated on the internet will be lower. Based on the assumption of network externality, we also argue that the multiple dimensions of fraud-caused losses may damage e-auction sustainability. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.

Very Low Bit-rate Video Coding

2011 ◽  
pp. 100-148
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Paul ◽  
Manzur Murshed ◽  
Laurence S. Dooley
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Vector Quantization ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Video Communications ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Low Bit Rate ◽  
Shaped Pattern

his chapter presents a contemporary review of the various different strategies available to facilitate Very Low Bit-Rate (VLBR) coding for video communications over mobile and fixed transmission channels as well as the Internet. VLBR media is typically classified as having a bit rate between 8 and 64 Kbps. Techniques that are analyzed include Vector Quantization, various parametric model-based representations, the Discrete Wavelet and Cosine Transforms, and fixed and arbitrary shaped pattern-based coding. In addition to discussing the underlying theoretical principles and relevant features of each approach, the chapter also examines their benefits and disadvantages, together with some of the major challenges that remain to be solved. The chapter concludes by providing some judgments on the likely focus of future research in the VLBR coding field.

Judicial Reform of 1864: Significance and Historical Legal Assessments

10.12737/6579 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Константин Краковский ◽  
Konstantin Krakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Power ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Court Reform ◽  
Main Achievement ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
Justice Of The Peace ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

One century and half disputes in historical and law literature around the phenomena of the Court reform of 1864 have been leading. The subjects of disputes are the content of the reform in general and its new principles and institutions in particular. Sometimes discussions around court reform are under influence of political juncture. The article is devoted to the analyses of some disputing problems of the preparation, realization and content of the Court reform of 1864. One of such question is a problem whether the Court reform of 1864 was timely, and whether Russian people were ready to accept its progressive principles and institutions. Also in the article the problem of two approaches, two ideologies, two schools of development of state and law — “the historical” and “the realistic” was researched. Author comes to the analyses of constitutional potential anticipatory establishment of independent judicial power, promoting the development of the institutions of parliamentarianism and constitutional monarchy. Author sees the main achievement of the Court reform in establishment of independent judicial power, free from administrative influence, defines its connection with supreme power of the Tsar’ and describe the main parameters of the judicial power in XIX сentury. Also author analyzed the problem of overcoming of legal dualism through activity of local courts (justice of the peace and volostnoy court).

Conflicting Conceptions of Deterrence

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Shue
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Noncombatant Immunity ◽  
Strategic Defense ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Nuclear Warfare ◽  
Time Away

The Baptism of the BombHere is a two-step plan to rescue nuclear war from immorality. First, the United States should build the most moral offensive nuclear weapons that money can buy and bring nuclear warfare into compliance with the principle of noncombatant immunity. Then it should build a defensive “shield” that will make offensive nuclear weapons “impotent and obsolete” and take the world “beyond deterrence.” In this second stage, called the “Strategic Defense Initiative” (SDI) by believers and “Star Wars” by doubters, antimissile technology will confront missile technology like a Hegelian antithesis confronting its thesis, and we will all be lifted up out of the age of nuclear war into a realm made safe for conventional war.1 Even according to believers in the SDI, however, intermediate deployment, not to mention full deployment, of a strategic defense is some time away, pending breakthroughs on technological problems at which public money is now being thrown.

scholarly journals Three Stages in the Digital Integration of New Zealand Schools

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Starkey ◽  
Ken Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Digital Integration ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Three Stages

In New Zealand, teachers and students have been collaborating through digital connections since the early 1990s. Digital integration began as a structural collaboration between rural schools to share staff and resources, developing in a second stage to include regional intranets. In 2007 it is possible to collaborate with the global educational environment from within a classroom or office. A third stage of digital integration in schools is emerging as a result of students and teachers being connected to the internet through broadband, using web 2.0 applications to construct knowledge collaboratively beyond the classroom walls. This paper outlines the three stages and examines their implications for teacher education.

scholarly journals Method for consolidate representation of fossil objects dating

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
D.I. Yakushev
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Third Stage

So far, methods of dating fossil objects have allowed us to obtain a large amount of data that characterize the moisturization of our planet’s areas during different time intervals. At the same time, in some cases, fossil objects contain information about the characteristics of the climate of the epoch of their existence. The available dating is scattered and does not allow us to get an overall picture of the changes occurred. Therefore, the developed method of aggregate representation of dates is relevant. Scientific materials containing the desired dating are mainly presented on the Internet. Therefore, the target of the first stage is to identify the publications of interest. At the second stage, the dating found and its characteristics are summarized in table 1. At the third stage, the data in table 1 is converted to table 2, reflecting the change in the moisture content of regions with a 100 years sampling interval. At the fourth stage, a simple rule is applied to exclude two multidirectional trends in each cell of table 2. As a result of exclusion, only unidirectional signs remain in each cell that qualitatively characterize the moisture content of the studied regions. It seems that the dating found in a significant minority should be questioned. However, cases in which the number of exceptions exceeds the number of non-excluded characters require additional research. The proposed method is not limited either by the number of studies involved or by the dating methods used. The scientific novelty of the proposed method consists in the aggregate representation of known dating of fossil objects containing information about the characteristics of the climate of the epoch of its existence. The objectivity of the results obtained is based on the use of a variety of independent dating of fossil objects obtained by different methods for different periods and regions. The reliability of the results obtained will increase with the number of dating involved in the analysis.

The Archive and the Internet

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolena Adorno
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Department Chairs ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
American Historical Association ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Scholarly Production

The American Historical Association has been in the forefront of professional academic organizations that have seen the potential of the Internet for fomenting the production and circulation of academic scholarship and for contributing to the teaching of history. This has been no more apparent than in the AHA Workshop, “Entering the Second Stage of Online History Scholarship,” carried out in the days before the 118th annual meeting of the American Historical Association and under its auspices. In the AHA Workshop, the topic was electronic scholarly publishing: maintaining its quality, mediating its use and access, and assessing its impact on the changing shape of the profession. It took into account the perspectives of all those involved in scholarly production: authors, journal editors, department chairs, university press publishers and editors, and, at the same time, those involved in mediating its use and access at the technical level, that is, the librarians and technicians.

scholarly journals THE USAGE OF THE INTERNET IN TEACHING PHYSICS: THE ANALYSIS OF A SITUATION AND PREDICTIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Vincentas Lamanauskas ◽  
Rytis Vilkonis
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Physics Teachers ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Teaching Physics

In the developing knowledge-based society information technologies play a particularly significant role. However, even the most advanced technologies will not give a necessary effect, if their usage (application) in the educational system is not adequate to the current development of technologies and increased educational needs. In the author’s opinion, our epoch is marked with global environmental crisis and the advent of information age. Extensive implementation of a range of information technologies into high and higher school curricula and the emphasis on environmental issues in education are two leading trends in contemporary education. We maintain that it would be optimal if the computer (especially using the Internet) is a natural teaching / learning aids like books and other sources of information. On the other hand, it is necessary to create conditions for teachers to raise qualification. This is emphasized by numerous researchers. It has to be stated that the Internet possibilities in the teaching process are insufficiently used. On the other hand, in principal there are no reliable studies, which would reveal the actual situation in this field. Therefore, the object of our study is the usage of the Internet for teaching physics. The main aim of the study is to analyse the situation of the usage of the Internet for teaching physics and highlight the hindering/encouraging factors of its usage in the teaching process. The most important study tasks have been formulated: • To analyse the situation of the usage of the Internet for teaching physics; • To identify the hindering/stimulating factors of Internet usage for teaching physics; • To highlight the experts’ opinion about the expected development perspectives of Internet usage for teaching physics in the nearest five years period. The study employed expert inquiry. The type of expert inquiry – “Delphi study”, containing several experts’ inquiries (stages). The data of every round are generalised and repeatedly submitted to the experts. Such procedure is repeated several times, most often 3-4 times. The study was carried out in September – December 2005. In the first stage of the study the experts replied to 5 essential questions. In the opinion of the majority of experts (62%) the usage of the Internet during the nearest five years will increase only insignificantly. 31% of experts maintain that the usage of the Internet will increase significantly and 7% think that it will not change at all. Having studied and generalised the first stage results, the new questionnaire for the second stage of the study was prepared. It was identified that the most important factors, hindering the Internet usage were as follows: poor computerisation of physics rooms and the shortage of the Internet access, poor school technical possibilities and poor funding, shortage of specialized Internet websites and of websites applied for teaching physics, poor knowledge of foreign languages, etc. The most important stimulating factors: the wish to interest pupils and search for more diverse teaching forms, the possibility to present the phenomena to the pupils that they find difficult to imagine, the diversification of the demonstration and laboratory teaching aids, etc. In the third stage of the study the experts had to assess the generalised second stage results. In many cases the experts approved the generalised assessment of the current situation; however, they noted that the situation in town schools and village schools differed. The experts clearly expressed their concern regarding the immoderate ICT usage in the teaching process and emphasized that the computer will never replace the teacher’s explanation and natural experiments with real physical bodies in the real environment. Some conclusions were indicated: • The Internet possibilities for teaching physics are not being fully used both for objective and subjective reasons. • It is expected that during the nearest five years the Internet usage will increase only insignificantly. • Higher effectiveness of ICT application for teaching physics can be achieved in the presence of continuous monitoring (how the situation changes, what influences it, etc.), on the other hand, the physics teachers need continuous methodical assistance, independent of their formal qualification. Effective ICT application for teaching physics is one of the composite parts of the competence of physics teachers. • Continuous studies and in-service training institutions should allocate more attention raising the qualification of physics teachers in this field. Key words: teaching physics, Internet usage, expert inquiry

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