scholarly journals Archives say: Rehabilitation and Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
M. Ch. Kalybekova ◽  
T. A. Apendiyev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Spiritual Awakening ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
World Community ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Now, the peoples of Kazakhstan, like the entire post-Soviet space, are experiencing a spiritual awakening and a return to traditional origins. It is important that the processes of searching for national identity are the world's historical and socio-cultural tendencies of the modern world. Also, Kazakhstan cannot be called a legal state and take a leading role in the world community without immortalizing the memory of many millions of its citizens who have become victims of political repression. In this regard, it is especially important to understand the tragedies of the 30-50s of the last century, which is characterized by a rupture of traditions, loss of continuity of cultural experience. The problems under consideration have gone through a complex and contradictory path of formation and development, have experienced a long-term negative impact of political and ideological conditions. Therefore, much of what was done earlier requires a serious rethinking, a number of assessments of past events need to be revised on the basis of new archival materials and documents. В настоящее время народы Казахстана, как и всего постсоветского пространства, переживают духовное пробуждение и возврат к традиционным истокам. Важно, что процессы поиска национальной идентичности являются всеобщей исторической и социокультурной тенденцией современного мира. Также Казахстан не может называться правовым государством и занять одну из ведущих ролей в мировом сообществе, не увековечив память многих миллионов своих граждан, ставших жертвами политических репрессий. Особенно важным в этой связи является осознание трагедии 30-50-х прошлого столетия, который характеризуется разрывом традиций, утратой преемственности культурного опыта. Рассматриваемая проблематика прошла сложный и противоречивый путь становления и развития, испытала многолетнее негативное воздействие политической и идеологической условии. Таким образом, многое из сделанного ранее требует серьезного переосмысления, ряд оценок событий прошлого нуждается в пересмотре на основании новых архивных материалов и документов.

scholarly journals FDI in the Post-Soviet Space Three Decades after the Disintegration of the Soviet Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-60
Author(s):  
K. Kalotay ◽  
A. Sulstarova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The former Soviet Union disintegrated three decades ago. That momentous 1991 was not only the starting point for independence of the countries of the post-Soviet space but also the starting point for their transformation from centrally planned economy to capitalism, often with local specificities. At the moment of writing this article aiming at analysing the long-term, structural characteristics of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI), these 12 economies are facing new COVID-19-related challenges, different from the problems of transformation undertaken in the past decades. After a brief literature survey, in which the main issues raised by academic research are highlighted, the article analyses the long-term trends and the main characteristics (geographical and sectoral) of FDI, with special reference to greenfield project announcements from 2003 on (the starting year of data availability). It also explores how much economic development was based on either attracting inward or promoting outward FDI or both. The performance of the 12 post-Soviet economies is controlled against the performance of other transition economies such as the Baltic States, South-East Europe and/or the Visegrad Group. The article concludes that indeed efforts towards using inward or outward FDI for development has been modest, even if in inflows one can observe some convergence with the other transition economies, which have been relying more wittingly using FDI for their development.

scholarly journals Noble associations in modern Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Igor Olegovich Trubitszyn
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Value System ◽  
Corporate Organization ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The author made an attempt to study the role of the descendants of the nobility in the new socio-economic and political realities of Russia at the end of the XX - first decades of the XXI century. The author focuses on the processes of recreation and subsequent activities of noble societies. The basis of the source base was a series of interviews with the descendants of the nobility living in the territory of the Russian Federation and in the countries of the post-Soviet space. The research identified the stages of development of the noble organizations, the main aspects of their activities. A comparative analysis was carried out with the pre-revolutionary noble corporate organization, which made it possible to characterize the main ideals of this social group and to make a comparative analysis with the value system of the class of the pre-revolutionary period. The range of problems faced by noble societies in modern Russia is highlighted. The results of the study can be used to comprehensively characterize the activities of corporations of the nobility in Russia, as well as the activities of the descendants of the nobility in the modern world.

scholarly journals Putin's and Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union: A hybrid half-economics and half-political “Janus Bifrons”

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno S. Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The Eurasian Economic Union is an institution formalized in January 2015 for the purpose of regional economic integration; it includes five countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan, and may include Mongolia and Tajikistan in the future. With a GDP of $1.59 trillion in 2015, an industrial production of $1.3 trillion in 2014, and population of almost 200 million as of 2016, the EEAU could represent a geopolitical success that supports both Putin's ambitious political agenda and the Union's economic prospects. Although the efforts of this Union are ongoing and long-term success is not certain, the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union can be considered a hybrid half-economics and half-political “Janus Bifrons” that serves as a powerful illustration of what Putin envisions for the post-Soviet space. Despite promising steps so far, more should be done toward the achievement of economic development and balanced opportunity for all Eurasian countries. Russia's longstanding role within the Union, as well as its power and political motivations, are all considerations that must be accounted for.

scholarly journals Environmental Aspects of Cooperation in Atomic Industry at the Post-Soviet Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
E. L. Moreva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Institutional Construction ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The importance of the research lies in crucial significance of atomic industry ecological effects for people vital functions that can greatly restrict the sector’s development. Overcoming unfavorable atomic industry environmental impact is often seen in a way of technical technological development when it is possible to prevent, mitigate and/or neutralize the negative effects from its operating. But this is just part of the solution. The subject of this research addresses the ecological impact of atomic operations on the economic activity of the atomic industry enterprises in the post-soviet space and on the ways of optimizing their productive institutional construction at different levels of trans-border regions.The purpose of the work is to define the meaning of negative impact anticipating for the growth and development of the atomic industry while implementing innovative projects of local / national levels; participating in international competition and interaction for integration on the post-soviet space.It is concluded that inventory-making has crucial importance for atomic industry development. At the local/national level within two-side contacts it is expressed in stimulating the subjects of the industry to transform and perfect by national stakeholders and foreign competitors. At the level of trans-border connections such influence has not become the basis for productive integration interaction and atomic complex development because of the specificity of their subjects’ interests. The adequate inventory-making in institutional construction could allow using the possible ecological impacts of atomic production for their development and consolidating as a driver of social economic development at the postsoviet space.

scholarly journals The art episteme of national self-identification in the context of postcolonial cultural trauma

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Marina Protas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Artistic Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Global Art ◽  
Post Soviet Space

At the turn of the millennia, the narrative of the art sciences was enriched by an extensive analytical polylogue: from eschatological forecasts of the end of the crisis of theories and practices to the multicultural utopias of “global art”. A solid sector in this context is made up of trans-disciplinary studies of the problems of national self-identification and the revision of regional art epistemes in the new geocultural realities, in particular, those refracted in the field of postcolonial trauma of national consciousness discourse. This aspect is especially relevant for the countries of the post-Soviet space, because their cultural and artistic development is under the pressure of two equally traumatic paradigms: the Russification one belonging to the past, and the Westernization paradigm that declares itself to be the manifestation of democratic freedoms. However, each of them leads to amnesia in the historical and cultural memory of nations, threatening to collapse. Only a careful study of the causes and consequences of this civilizational phenomenon, as well as the study of the negative impact of the market ideology of the culture industry, will help to avoid depersonalization of national arts and cultures, while preserving the possibility of indigenous flourishing in the future. The article pinpoints the pain points identifies the sensitive issues in solving this problem by contemporary artists and critics from different countries, including Ukraine, leaving open the final effective fixation of the situation, which increases the catastrophic bifurcation by unstable development

scholarly journals Ethnic Boundaries and Territorial Borders: On the Place of Lezgin Irredentism in the Construction of National Identity in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Leyla Sayfutdinova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Abstract The Lezgin irredentist movement is one of the less-studied national movements in the post-Soviet space, despite affecting the strategically important Russian-Azerbaijani borderlands and the bordering process between the two post-Soviet states. This article aims to fill this gap and to examine the impact of the Lezgin national movement on the development of territorial nationalism in early post-Soviet Azerbaijan. Based on the analysis of media publications in three Azerbaijani newspapers between 1992 and 1996, I argue that the movement contributed to consolidating the territorial vision of the Azerbaijani nation as incorporating groups historically settled in this territory. While media coverage stressed friendship between ethnic Azerbaijanis and Lezgins, the responsibility for secessionist claims was placed on external forces, particularly Russia and Armenia. In the long term, this framing led to the securitization of ethnic minority activism as a major threat to Azerbaijani statehood.

scholarly journals Unrecognized states as a factor in world politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
T. N. Zozulya ◽  
◽  
M. A. Altybassarova ◽  
G.T. Shamshudinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Problem ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The Law Institute of recognition of a State is one of the most difficult, controversial, and dynamically developing institute of the national and the international law. However, at present there are many states that are not officially recognized by most other states, which since the beginning of the 1990s began to be designated by the term “unrecognized states”, “de facto countries”, “self-proclaimed states”, etc. The presence of unrecognized states is a complex problem in the theory and practice of international relations, since, possessing all other signs of statehood, they do not have international diplomatic recognition and cannot be members of the UN. Today there are about 120 unrecognized states in the political map of the world, which are recognized by the territory of 60 countries. The problem of unrecognized states is also relevant for the post-Soviet space, since after the collapse of the USSR, several territorial entities arose, the status of which has not been recognized at the international level so far. In the proposed article, the authors tried to find out the reasons for the emergence of unrecognized states, identified the main features of such territorial entities and possible options for their further fate as countries that do not have the status of a generally recognized state. The protracted legal uncertainty of the status of the unrecognized states aggravates the problem of further international cooperation of the world community from the point of view of global security and the possible threat of conflicts that could cause a world political crisis.

scholarly journals Coronavirus hits former-Soviet countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The year of 2020 started a new chapter in the development of former-Soviet countries. The coronavirus epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, has spread to affect all countries throughout the world, including the countries of the former Soviet Union. Its influence has already affected the economic and social development of the countries in the post-Soviet space. Closing borders, stopping tourism, and imposing severe restrictions on transport services were the first measures that contributed to reducing the incidence rates. At the same time, these measures affected bilateral and multilateral trade and economic relations among the countries of the post-Soviet space.All countries of the post-Soviet space have taken steps to allocate additional funds to combat coronavirus. Ad hoc funds were formed, the review of budget expenditures and revenues began. However, in fact in the first few months the countries faced economic distress, the overcoming of which could take considerable time.The coronavirus epidemic is taking place against the backdrop of global economic crisis and a sharp drop in oil prices. Economic development models based on increasing consumption without economic growth, increasing the level of external and internal debt have shown their insolvency. In these conditions, the countries of the post-Soviet space, which are highly dependent on the external factor, have also experienced significant economic hardships.Finally, the «price warfare» in the oil market has a strong influence. The United States and Saudi Arabia’s attempts to achieve dominance in the oil market, by displacing Russia from it, as well, have had a destabilizing impact on the world oil market. This factor has had a direct impact on those former-Soviet countries that produce and export hydrocarbon resources.In general, the coronavirus epidemic, taking place against the backdrop of global economic challenges and oil competition, will have a negative impact on the economic and political development of former-Soviet countries. The impact of the epidemic, its consequences, will affect the former-Soviet countries for many years to come.

scholarly journals GUAM Activity in the Post-Soviet Space: Intentions, Results, Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-105
Author(s):  
D. A. Belashchenko ◽  
V. V. Tolkachev ◽  
A. P. Shmelev ◽  
I. F. Shodzhonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Integration processes in the post-Soviet space actualize the topic of several individual organizations prospects considering current trends on the international scene, particularly the ODED-GUAM. This formation is specific because it was initially created without the participation of the Russian Federation and also formed as an alternative to the Common-wealth of Independent States and other integration projects where the leading role was recognized for the Russian Federation.The study consists of two parts. The first part examines the development process of the ODED-GUAM organization and high-lights the main stages of its existence. The transformation of the conceptual ideas of the organization’s development from a global to a local actor in world politics was also mentioned in the article. The study conducts a broad analysis of the organization’s source base, evaluates the results that the organization has achieved and the reasons of its composition change.The second part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the development of this organization from the standpoint of neorealism (structural realism) taking into account the combination of endogenous and exogenous factors.The totality of moments related to the specifics of the ODED-GUAM conceptual component evolution, the episodic nature of its activities, the presence of the internal conflict of interests among participating countries, the leading international actors positions towards the organization, allows us to consider the integration entity is mostly the artificial construct that unified states that were for one reason or another out of key integration projects of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space. It is also relevant to consider the ODED-GUAM as a tool for promoting the interests of such actors as the United States and the EU in the post-Soviet space, as an instrument of information, ideological, and economic pressure on Russia and its partners in integration entities.In fact, the prospects of the ODEDGUAM organization are directly dependent on the position and policy of external actors who consider this organization as one of the platforms to influence the Russian Federation as well as the People’s Republic of China and the integration projects implemented by these countries.

scholarly journals On the Strategic Effects of Unilateral Sanctions: Russian Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Anastasia B. Likhacheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Affairs ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Signaling Function ◽  
Pressure Adaptation ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Academic Debate ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Much of the academic debate about the consequences of sanctions has been focused on their direct impact or on collateral damage to the bilateral relationship between the issuer of sanctions and the target of sanctions, reflecting the understanding of sanctions as a foreign policy tool. However, an analysis of the Russian experience allows one to raise new questions about the role of sanctions instruments in international affairs. Of course, in the short term, the priority is a policy aimed at minimizing the risks of direct sanctions. Nevertheless, Russia has been under extensive US and EU sanctions for more than seven years, and began to face individual restrictions even earlier. In this regard, the analysis of sanctions reactions can clearly be transferred to the mid- and long-term plane. The analysis of the regulatory legal acts and particular regional and sectoral strategies of Moscow shows that the target countries have been rearranging their international priorities under the threat of further sanctions pressure, both formal and informal. Thus, sanctions are serving not only as a tool of punishment or deterrence, but also as a signaling function in a new meaning — not only demonstrating disapproval of the target country’s policy, but signaling that the planning of long-term development projects is associated with increased risks. Therefore, the complex consequences of sanctions go far beyond the immediate response of the target countries, which is reflected in the industry overview of Russian sanctions pressure adaptation strategies. A particular example of such a transformation, considered in this article, is the sanctions policy in the post-Soviet space—both on the part of individual countries of the region in relation to Russia, and in terms of countermeasures on the part of the Russian Federation.

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