scholarly journals The art episteme of national self-identification in the context of postcolonial cultural trauma

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Marina Protas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Artistic Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Global Art ◽  
Post Soviet Space

At the turn of the millennia, the narrative of the art sciences was enriched by an extensive analytical polylogue: from eschatological forecasts of the end of the crisis of theories and practices to the multicultural utopias of “global art”. A solid sector in this context is made up of trans-disciplinary studies of the problems of national self-identification and the revision of regional art epistemes in the new geocultural realities, in particular, those refracted in the field of postcolonial trauma of national consciousness discourse. This aspect is especially relevant for the countries of the post-Soviet space, because their cultural and artistic development is under the pressure of two equally traumatic paradigms: the Russification one belonging to the past, and the Westernization paradigm that declares itself to be the manifestation of democratic freedoms. However, each of them leads to amnesia in the historical and cultural memory of nations, threatening to collapse. Only a careful study of the causes and consequences of this civilizational phenomenon, as well as the study of the negative impact of the market ideology of the culture industry, will help to avoid depersonalization of national arts and cultures, while preserving the possibility of indigenous flourishing in the future. The article pinpoints the pain points identifies the sensitive issues in solving this problem by contemporary artists and critics from different countries, including Ukraine, leaving open the final effective fixation of the situation, which increases the catastrophic bifurcation by unstable development

scholarly journals Post-Soviet Heritages in the Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1080-1088
Author(s):  
Gertjan Plets
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Made In ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Despite the growing interest in post-Soviet space (the countries formerly located in the Soviet Union or its sphere of influence) in the field of memory studies, researchers have only just begun to the study how ‘things and practices’ from the past are mobilized, institutionalized and repackaged in this particular part of the world. This special collection explores how heritage is being made in a highly diverse and multicultural space where Soviet modernist conceptions of culture and identity interact with local deeply rooted attitudes as well as post-Soviet economic and political challenges.

scholarly journals Environmental Aspects of Cooperation in Atomic Industry at the Post-Soviet Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
E. L. Moreva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Institutional Construction ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The importance of the research lies in crucial significance of atomic industry ecological effects for people vital functions that can greatly restrict the sector’s development. Overcoming unfavorable atomic industry environmental impact is often seen in a way of technical technological development when it is possible to prevent, mitigate and/or neutralize the negative effects from its operating. But this is just part of the solution. The subject of this research addresses the ecological impact of atomic operations on the economic activity of the atomic industry enterprises in the post-soviet space and on the ways of optimizing their productive institutional construction at different levels of trans-border regions.The purpose of the work is to define the meaning of negative impact anticipating for the growth and development of the atomic industry while implementing innovative projects of local / national levels; participating in international competition and interaction for integration on the post-soviet space.It is concluded that inventory-making has crucial importance for atomic industry development. At the local/national level within two-side contacts it is expressed in stimulating the subjects of the industry to transform and perfect by national stakeholders and foreign competitors. At the level of trans-border connections such influence has not become the basis for productive integration interaction and atomic complex development because of the specificity of their subjects’ interests. The adequate inventory-making in institutional construction could allow using the possible ecological impacts of atomic production for their development and consolidating as a driver of social economic development at the postsoviet space.

scholarly journals Russia’s Soft Power as a Limited Efficiency Tool in Lithuania

Politologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-97
Author(s):  
Giedrius Česnakas ◽  
Vytautas Isoda
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Article Abstract ◽  
Post Soviet Space

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] Lithuania has been a target of Russia’s soft power efforts for the past two decades. The aim of this article is to analyse Russia’s soft power influence possibilities in Lithuania. First, it analyzes how soft power is interpreted in Russia compared to the Western conception. Then, Russia’s soft power instruments and their core goals are reviewed, not all of which fall under the category of “soft power instruments” according to the Western understanding. The article proceeds with demographic changes in Lithuania and trends of consumption of Russian culture and information in Lithuania. The main argument is that Russia is not aiming to apply soft power to the general Lithuanian society but to particular groups within the population (Russophone minorities and residents with sentiments for the Soviet Union). It can be assumed that demographic trends and Russia’s aggressive actions will increasingly limit its soft power capabilities. However, the greatest setback to Russia’s soft power in Lithuania is arguably caused by its continuing reliance on hard power when it comes to countries of the post-Soviet space.

Famine, Memory, and Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: Contrasting Echoes of Collectivization in Ukraine and Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-491
Author(s):  
James Richter
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Post Soviet Space

AbstractStalin’s collectivization campaigns and the associated famine killed millions in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, yet the two countries commemorate the events quite differently. In Ukraine, the Holodomor (death by hunger) occupies a prominent place in the public sphere and is remembered most frequently as a genocidal policy against the Ukrainian nation. In Kazakhstan, the famine takes up little space in the public arena, and officials remain reluctant to call it a genocide. This article explores these differences using two models explaining variation in the politics of memory: one emphasizing the instrumental calculations of political elites and the other emphasizing the historical and cultural constraints that frame contemporary debates. These two models complement each other rather than compete. The contest over the famine in Ukraine was in part a consequence of eastern and western Ukraine’s differing histories, but it intensified when governing politicians deployed the memory of the famine instrumentally in the 2000s. In Kazakhstan, political calculations led the regime to emphasize unity and stability over divisive debates about the past, but historical factors made depoliticizing the famine feasible.

scholarly journals THE EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE PRESIDENCY IN THE POST-SOVIET REPUBLICS OF TRANSCAUCASIA AND CENTRAL ASIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Dmitry BEREZYUK ◽  
◽  
Alexander KLYASHTORIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The article provides a comparative analysis of the political mechanisms and fundamental constitutional principles of the functioning of the institution of the presidency in the post-Soviet republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia. According to the authors, in Georgia and Armenia, the institution of the presidency is evolving in the direction of weakening, which inevitably leads to an increase in the role of the parliament and the Cabinet of Ministers in the political process. Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan are following the path of forming personalist political regimes. The presidents of these countries have not only a wide range of formal powers, but also informal political resources that allow them to rule indefinitely and pass power on to their descendants. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan stand apart. The first country represents an example of successful institutionalization of presidential rule. Kazakhstan is one of the few states of the post-Soviet space, where a systematic and civilized transit of presidential power took place. At the same time, the political system remained stable. The situation in Kyrgyzstan is developing in a fundamentally different way, where a whole series of coups has taken place over the past few years. This country has a president, but the institution of the presidency, de facto, is absent.

scholarly journals Coronavirus hits former-Soviet countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The year of 2020 started a new chapter in the development of former-Soviet countries. The coronavirus epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, has spread to affect all countries throughout the world, including the countries of the former Soviet Union. Its influence has already affected the economic and social development of the countries in the post-Soviet space. Closing borders, stopping tourism, and imposing severe restrictions on transport services were the first measures that contributed to reducing the incidence rates. At the same time, these measures affected bilateral and multilateral trade and economic relations among the countries of the post-Soviet space.All countries of the post-Soviet space have taken steps to allocate additional funds to combat coronavirus. Ad hoc funds were formed, the review of budget expenditures and revenues began. However, in fact in the first few months the countries faced economic distress, the overcoming of which could take considerable time.The coronavirus epidemic is taking place against the backdrop of global economic crisis and a sharp drop in oil prices. Economic development models based on increasing consumption without economic growth, increasing the level of external and internal debt have shown their insolvency. In these conditions, the countries of the post-Soviet space, which are highly dependent on the external factor, have also experienced significant economic hardships.Finally, the «price warfare» in the oil market has a strong influence. The United States and Saudi Arabia’s attempts to achieve dominance in the oil market, by displacing Russia from it, as well, have had a destabilizing impact on the world oil market. This factor has had a direct impact on those former-Soviet countries that produce and export hydrocarbon resources.In general, the coronavirus epidemic, taking place against the backdrop of global economic challenges and oil competition, will have a negative impact on the economic and political development of former-Soviet countries. The impact of the epidemic, its consequences, will affect the former-Soviet countries for many years to come.

scholarly journals Russian and Russian-speaking prose in the situation of multiculturality: experience of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Uliana V. Ovcherenko ◽  
Irina V. Monisova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The article is devoted to the modern literary process in Kazakhstan, specially its Russian and Russian-speaking segment against the background of integration movements in the world and specific cultural processes in the post-Soviet space. It reveals how much the situation and part of literature created in Russian language in the region over the past decades has changed, how a different identity, the mentality of a different culture is expressed and how in turn this culture affects Russian-language texts. An attempt is made to trace the main trends in the development of modern Kazakhstani literature in Russian, in connection with which the works of I. Odegov, G. Doronin, H. Adibaev, D. Nakipov, A. Zhaksylykov and others are analyzed. It is concluded that the Russian language, even after losing its former status, remains in demand in the literature not only by ethnic Russians, but also by Kazakh bilinguals who are successfully experimenting with Turkisms. At the same time, Russian authors are concerned about the preservation of national identity, which motivates the appeal to classics and national folklore, while Kazakhs are more focused on the space of world literature.

scholarly journals Archives say: Rehabilitation and Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
M. Ch. Kalybekova ◽  
T. A. Apendiyev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Spiritual Awakening ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
World Community ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Now, the peoples of Kazakhstan, like the entire post-Soviet space, are experiencing a spiritual awakening and a return to traditional origins. It is important that the processes of searching for national identity are the world's historical and socio-cultural tendencies of the modern world. Also, Kazakhstan cannot be called a legal state and take a leading role in the world community without immortalizing the memory of many millions of its citizens who have become victims of political repression. In this regard, it is especially important to understand the tragedies of the 30-50s of the last century, which is characterized by a rupture of traditions, loss of continuity of cultural experience. The problems under consideration have gone through a complex and contradictory path of formation and development, have experienced a long-term negative impact of political and ideological conditions. Therefore, much of what was done earlier requires a serious rethinking, a number of assessments of past events need to be revised on the basis of new archival materials and documents. В настоящее время народы Казахстана, как и всего постсоветского пространства, переживают духовное пробуждение и возврат к традиционным истокам. Важно, что процессы поиска национальной идентичности являются всеобщей исторической и социокультурной тенденцией современного мира. Также Казахстан не может называться правовым государством и занять одну из ведущих ролей в мировом сообществе, не увековечив память многих миллионов своих граждан, ставших жертвами политических репрессий. Особенно важным в этой связи является осознание трагедии 30-50-х прошлого столетия, который характеризуется разрывом традиций, утратой преемственности культурного опыта. Рассматриваемая проблематика прошла сложный и противоречивый путь становления и развития, испытала многолетнее негативное воздействие политической и идеологической условии. Таким образом, многое из сделанного ранее требует серьезного переосмысления, ряд оценок событий прошлого нуждается в пересмотре на основании новых архивных материалов и документов.

scholarly journals A.I. Akhiezer Institute of Theoretical Physics

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Scientific Awards ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Development Strategy of the Institute of Theoretical Physics Akhiezer (hereinafter - ITF) has also passed the test of time: the institute has managed to keep up-to-date scientific directions and the continuity of the leading scientific schools of the UFTI - KIPT. Of course, there were problems. But a serious international ITF rating helped him to resist in the difficult post-Soviet era, and in modern times. The focus of today's ITF is the development of current and advanced frontiers of modern physical science. But most importantly, all the research departments of the ITF have in their staff talented (and very initiative) young scientists, despite the fact that the past years have not very much favored the influx of young people into science. Moreover, their creative achievements were marked by scientific awards of both domestic and international level. The truth that is professed in the ITF: the main thing is not only to accumulate knowledge and experience, but also to pass them on to a worthy change. The fact that the relations in the team are humanly built friendly and democratically helps very well. And it is already obvious: the ITF has withstood the competition in the post-Soviet space and has accumulated a solid scientific potential. Today, the scientific ideology of the ITF is its traditions.

scholarly journals Philosophical and Legal Interpretations of the Deformations of Legal Awareness in the XX - Early XXI Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
M. V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Legal Scholar ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Post Soviet Space

It has been stressed that the topic of philosophical and legal interpretations of the deformations of legal awareness in the XX – early XXI century is actively developed by scholars of the countries of the post-Soviet space. Emphasis has been placed on the development of the doctrine on legal nihilism that has been developed in Western European philosophical and legal thought, as well as on the problem of totalitarian legal awareness that has emerged in Soviet society. It has been revealed that the foundation of the concept of the deformations of legal awareness in Ukrainian philosophical and legal science was laid by the great household names of the past – P. I. Novgorodtsev, I. A. Il`in, M. M. Alekseev, L. I. Petrazhitskii, B. I. Kistiakivskyi and others. There is not so much in the world scientific thought about the deformations of legal awareness, where the concept of legal nihilism is the exception. The foundations of the doctrine of nihilism were laid by such outstanding thinkers as F. Nietzsche, A. Schopenhauer, M. Heidegger, F. H. Jacobi. Therefore, nowadays the doctrine of legal nihilism is the most developed in relation to the types of the deformations of legal awareness. It has been determined that the “golden age” of this extremely negative social phenomenon occurred at the beginning of the XX century, after the formation of the USSR. Totalitarian propaganda machines, the Soviet Union in particular, tried to transform society into a governed crowd, brainwashed by a certain ideology that led to a degeneration of legal awareness into a totalitarian consciousness and, as a consequence, to the widespread deformation of legal awareness. However, the deformations of legal awareness were not discussed at theoretical level, because they were considered a vestige of bourgeois times. Discussion about the deformation of legal awareness was initiated by the prominent Soviet legal scholar E. A. Lukasheva in her work “Socialist Legal Awareness and Legality”, where she characterized that the legal awareness of a particular individual can be defective, limited, and backward from the general level of public consciousness, can contain harmful installations and defective assessments of legal phenomena.

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