scholarly journals Financial aspects of unregistered employment in Poland and other Eastern European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Janina Sawicka ◽  
Mariola Szewczyk-Jarocka ◽  
Anna Nowacka
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Undeclared Work ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Socially Excluded

A review of the specialist literature and analysis of own study results reveal that a scale of the phenomena of undeclared work is both globally and locally significant and differentiated. Comparative research for the entire geographical area is difficult, as these are countries with very diverse economies. This was due to historical conditions, dynamic of socio-political changes and ties with other political alliances, membership in organizations and economic partnerships. The aim of the empirical research was to identify the financial aspects of undertaking work in the grey zone from the workers point of view. The study target group were chosen from unemployed registered at the Municipal Employment Office in Płock, Mazovia Region. Results show that the unemployed turn to undeclared work for financial reasons, such as higher reimbursement, unsatisfactory income or excessively high social insurance contributions. Respondents assessed their financial situation most often as bad, and indicated difficulties in finding work through registered employment. People who undertake work in a grey zone are predominantly those from low income groups, socially excluded, migrants, long time unemployed.

Determinants of Successful Financial Inclusion in Low-Income Rural Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100
Author(s):  
Yashwant Kumar Vaid ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
Monika Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Financial Products

Finance plays a key role in the growth of developed as well as developing nations. A financially well included society leads to stronger growth. Financial inclusion aims at providing easy and affordable access to financial products and services. The main concern for any developing nation from a growth point of view is advancement of low-income rural population just as much as the high-income population. Taking a note of this, identifying the key determinants that would lead to successful financial inclusion of low-income rural population is equally, if not more, important. The inclusion strategies have to be built around these determinants to promote inclusion and thus, a clear picture of these determinants is a must have for strategy and policy makers. Though the factors may be somewhat similar across the nation, but their significance and impact on financial inclusion varies greatly from one geographical area to other. In line with this, the purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of successful financial inclusion in the low-income rural segments with special reference to Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The study uses factor analysis to identify the determinants and path analysis to analyse the significance of these factors in financial inclusion.

scholarly journals Welfare Chauvinism

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Giedrė Svirbutaitė-Krutkienė ◽  
Arvydas Guogis
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Western World ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Socially Excluded

The authors in the article reveal the positioning of extreme right political parties in the Western world and Central and Eastern Europe by following such ideological basis as nationalism and welfare chauvinism, practically rejecting immigrants and their willingness to use the benefits and services of the mentioned welfare systems in the presented Western as well as Central and Eastern European countries. The authors maintain their position, applying the secondary data from European Social Survey, International Monetary Fund and OECD data as well as interpretations of the authors from different foreign countries. In the end of the article the authors pose the one of the most interesting scientific and practical questions – why the place of the electorate of the „socially excluded“ and having low income voters is moving from the left political parties to the side of the extreme right political parties? The further research is necessary in the following direction. This article is the first article of the theme on social chauvinism in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Linkages between Energy Delivery and Economic Growth from the Point of View of Sustainable Development and Seaports

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4255
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Szaruga ◽  
Zuzanna Kłos-Adamkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gozdek ◽  
Elżbieta Załoga
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The One ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

This paper presents the synchronisation of economic cycles of GDP and crude oil and oil products cargo volumes in major Polish seaports. On the one hand, this issue fits into the concept of sustainable development including decoupling; on the other hand, the synchronisation may be an early warning tool. Crude oil and oil products cargo volumes are a specific barometer that predicts the next economic cycle, especially as they are primary sources of energy production. The research study applies a number of TRAMO/SEATS methods, the Hodrick–Prescott filter, spectral analysis, correlation and cross-correlation function. Noteworthy is the modern approach of using synchronisation of economic cycles as a tool, which was described in the paper. According to the study results, the cyclical components of the cargo traffic and GDP were affected by the leakage of other short-term cycles. However, based on the cross-correlation, it was proved that changes in crude oil and oil products cargo volumes preceded changes in GDP by 1–3 quarters, which may be valuable information for decision-makers and economic development planners.

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Anti-Corruption Disclosure: The Case of the Emerging Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Maider Aldaz Odriozola ◽  
Igor Álvarez Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Corruption is a key factor that affects countries’ development, with emerging countries being a geographical area in which it tends to generate greater negative effects. However, few empirical studies analyze corruption from the point of view of disclosure by companies in this relevant geographical area. Based on a regression analysis using data from the 96 large companies from 15 emerging countries included in the 2016 International Transparency Report, this paper seeks to understand what determinants affect such disclosure. In that context, this paper provides empirical evidence to understand the factors that influence reporting on anti-corruption mechanisms in an area of high economic importance that has been little studied to date, pointing to the positive effect of press freedom in a country where the company is located and with the industry being the unique control variable that strengthens this relationship.

scholarly journals Protocol for a qualitative study to identify strategies to optimise hospital ePrescribing systems

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044622
Author(s):  
Catherine Heeney ◽  
Stephen Malden ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Electronic Prescribing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionElectronic prescribing (ePrescribing) is a key area of development and investment in the UK and across the developed world. ePrescribing is widely understood as a vehicle for tackling medication-related safety concerns, improving care quality and making more efficient use of health resources. Nevertheless, implementation of an electronic health record does not itself ensure benefits for prescribing are maximised. We examine the process of optimisation of ePrescribing systems using case studies to provide policy recommendations based on the experiences of digitally mature hospital sites.Methods and analysisQualitative interviews within six digitally mature sites will be carried out. The aim is to capture successful optimisation of electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) in particular health systems and hospitals. We have identified hospital sites in the UK and in three other developed countries. We used a combination of literature reviews and advice from experts at Optimising ePrescribing in Hospitals (eP Opt) Project round-table events. Sites were purposively selected based on geographical area, innovative work in ePrescribing/electronic health (eHealth) and potential transferability of practices to the UK setting. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed and transcripts coded thematically using NVivo software. Relevant policy and governance documents will be analysed, where available. Planned site visits were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethics and disseminationThe Usher Research Ethics Group granted approval for this study. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals in medical informatics and expert round-table events, lay member meetings and the ePrescribing Toolkit (http://www.eprescribingtoolkit.com/)—an online resource supporting National Health Service (NHS) hospitals through the ePrescribing process.

scholarly journals Factors critical to implementation success of cleaner cooking interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for an umbrella review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041821
Author(s):  
Esther A Boudewijns ◽  
Debbie Vermond ◽  
Rianne M J J van der Kleij ◽  
Niels H Chavannes ◽  
Onno C P van Schayck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Implementation Success ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Clean Fuels

IntroductionOver a third of the world’s population relies on solid fuels as their primary energy source. These fuels have damaging effects on health, air quality and forest resources. Interventions to promote access to cleaner solid fuel cookstoves and clean fuels have existed for decades. However, the adoption by local communities has largely failed, which led to a waste of resources and suboptimal outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this umbrella review is to identify factors that determine implementation success for cleaner cooking interventions in low-resource settings and weigh their level of confidence in the evidence.Methods and analysisWe identified systematic and narrative reviews examining factors that influence the acquisition, initial adoption or sustained use of cleaner solid fuel cookstoves and clean fuels at any scale by a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Global Health Database, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Emcare, Web of Science and CINAHL, without date or language restrictions. The search was conducted on 23 October 2017 and updated on 10 July 2019. Reviews based on qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods studies were included and will be appraised using the Meta Quality Appraisal Tool combined with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. Data will be extracted and factors affecting implementation will be coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research tool will be used to determine the level of confidence in the coded factors. Two researchers will independently conduct these steps.Ethics and disseminationThis umbrella review does not require the approval of an ethical review board. Study results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal. The outcomes will be converted into two practical tools: one for cleaner solid fuel cookstoves and one for clean fuels. These tools can guide the development of evidence-based implementation strategies for cleaner cooking interventions in low-income and middle-income countries to improve implementation success. These tools should be pilot-tested and promoted among regional and global initiatives.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018088687.

scholarly journals Lifecourse, immigrant status and acculturation in food purchasing and preparation among low-income mothers

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Dubowitz ◽  
Dolores Acevedo-Garcia ◽  
Judy Salkeld ◽  
Ana Cristina Lindsay ◽  
SV Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
Access To Food

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates how lifecourse, immigrant status and acculturation, and neighbourhood of residence influence food purchasing and preparation among low-income women with children, living in the USA. This research sought to understand physical and economic access to food, from both ‘individual’ and ‘community’ perspectives.DesignThis study used qualitative methodology (focus groups) to examine the mechanisms and pathways of food preparation and purchasing within the context of daily life activity for US- and foreign-born women, living in the USA. The study methodology analysed notes and verbatim transcripts, summarised recurring responses and identified new themes in the discussions.Setting and subjectsA total of 44 women were purposively sampled from two metropolitan areas in Massachusetts, USA, based on (1) neighbourhood of residence and (2) primary language spoken. All focus groups were conducted in community health centres and community centres co-located with offices of the special supplemental nutritional programme for Women, Infants, and Children.ResultsAnalysis of key response themes suggested that scarcity of food and physical access to food purchasing points did not influence food purchasing and preparation as much as (1) limited time for food shopping, cooking and family activities; and (2) challenges in transportation to stores and childcare. The study results demonstrated differing attitudes toward food acquisition and preparation between immigrant and US-born women and between women who lived in two metropolitan areas in the western and eastern regions of the state of Massachusetts, USA.ConclusionsThe findings illustrate ‘hidden’ constraints that need to be captured in measures of physical and economic access and availability of food. US policies and programmes that aim to improve access, availability and diet quality would benefit from considering the social context of food preparation and purchasing, and the residential environments of low-income women and families.

Social Intelligence and its Relation to School Adaptation among Female Students with Learning Difficulties from Perspective of Instructors and Teachers in Elementary School in Jeddah: الذكاء الاجتماعي وعلاقته بالتكيف المدرسي لدى طالبات صعوبات التعلم من وجهة نظر مرشدات ومعلمات المرحلة الابتدائية بجدة

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omniah Dhaif Allah Al-otaibi, Hadeel Abdullah Akram
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
School Adjustment ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
School Adaptation ◽  
Study Results

This study aimed to reveal the correlation between social intelligence and school adjustment concerning female students with learning difficulties from the perspective of female guides and teachers at the primary level in Jeddah, as well as knowing the level of social intelligence and school adjustment in addition to checking for differences between averages of the degrees of social intelligence and school adjustment among female students from the perspective of female guides and teachers due to the variable type of profession, scientific specialization and years of experience. The sample of the study consisted of (152) guides and teachers where the researcher followed the descriptive correlation method, and the scale of social intelligence and school adaptation (2020) was used by the researcher. The findings indicated a positive relationship between social intelligence and school adaptation among female students learning difficulties and they have an average level in both social intelligence and school adaptation. In addition, there are no differences between the average scoring of social intelligence and school adaptation among female students of learning difficulties from the point of view of female counselors and teachers due to the variable of profession, scientific specialization and number of years of experience. As a result of the study results, the researcher reached a number of recommendations addressed to educational institutions and female teachers and guides of general education schools applied to learning disabilities programs, which contributes to the development of social intelligence and school adaptation for female students with learning difficulties.

Analysis of the level of aggression and violence of students and other professional groups who are fans of Düzce sports football

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-711
Author(s):  
Emre Turegun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
School Students ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bonferroni Test

The study aimed to examine the levels of aggression and violence of students and other professional groups who are Düzcespor football fans. For the research model, the survey model, one of the quantitative research types, was chosen. The study's data collection process was carried out during the 2019-2020 season of the Turkey Football Federation, and the population of the study consisted of Düzcespor fans between the ages of 12-68. The sample of the study, on the other hand, consists of 498 people who voluntarily participated in the study using the random sample selection technique. As a result of normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk), it was determined that the scores obtained from the scales did not show a normal distribution. For this reason, non-parametric tests Mann Whitney-U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test, and Bonferroni Test, one of the Post Hoc tests, were used to determine which group caused the significant difference between the groups as a result of the analysis. Frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation values were also used to analyze the data. The level of significance was determined as p < 0.05. The study's findings showed that Düzcespor supporters had moderate aggression and violent behaviors. There was a significant difference between the variables of gender, age, education level, occupation and income, and aggression and violent behavior. The study results revealed that aggression and tendency to violence are higher in males, younger people, high school students and people with low income.

Influencing Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes About Working With Low-Income and/or Ethnic Minority Families

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Amatea ◽  
Blaire Cholewa ◽  
Kacy A. Mixon
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research University ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Minority Families ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
Ethnic Minority Families ◽  
Large Research

There is a growing literature revealing the complexity of family–school relationships and the significant power imbalances and mismatches between the role expectations of caregivers and teachers who differ by class and race. This study investigates a course at a large research university in the Southeastern United States designed to influence the attitudes of preservice teachers (PSTs) about how they might work with low-income and/or ethnic minority families. Study results on 138 PSTs demonstrate that, after completing the course, their attitudes were less stereotypic, they were more confident about using family-centric involvement practices, and conceptualized student’s problems in less blaming terms.

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