scholarly journals Correlation between Happiness and Depression According to Beck Depression and Oxford Happiness Inventory among University Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Mohsen Rezaee ◽  
Arvin Hedayati ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽  
Mojtaba Farjam ◽  
Hamid Reza Sabet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Oxford Happiness Inventory

Background: Happiness is a subjective emotional state associated with a wide number of personal and socio-economic factors evaluated with Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Depression is a syndrome diagnosed by psychiatric criteria and measured by Beck depression questionnaire. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation between happiness and depression, measured by OHI and Beck questionnaire, respectively in a population of university students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 at Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars province, Iran. OHI, Beck questionnaire and demographic information sheet were filled by 216 students between 18 to 30 years old. Analyses were done to test the correlation between depression and happiness scores as well as happiness and several demographic factors. Results: Two hundred and sixteen students, 142(65.7%) females and 74 (34.3%) males with mean ages of 20.67±1.52 years old participated. There was a significant reverse correlation between happiness and depression scores (P<0.001) with correlation coefficient of -0.757. Coefficient for determination was 0.57 for this correlation. Significant negative relationship existed between happiness and addiction in the family (P=0.001). Positive correlation was found between happiness and marriage (P=0.036). Conclusion: This study reports when happiness score increases, the depression score decreases; however, the coefficient for determination of this correlation shows that only a little more than half of happiness changes are described and assessed with depression score. It seems that the two psychometric tools do not completely stand against each other. Hence, happiness cannot be translated to lack of happiness. For further evaluation of this relationship, case-control and cohort studies are needed in different populations. [GMJ.2016;5(2):75-81]

scholarly journals The effect of self-efficacy on maths anxiety among paramedic students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eihab Khasawneh ◽  
Cameron Gosling ◽  
Brett Williams
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Course Work ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Math Problems

Introduction   Maths anxiety is defined as feelings of tension that interfere with dealing with numbers and mathematical problems. Self-efficacy, which is related to maths anxiety, can be defined as perceptions of one's abilities to math problems, tasks and math-related course work. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, age and year level on maths anxiety and self-efficacy and to study the relationship between self-efficacy and maths anxiety among paramedic students. Methods A cross-sectional study of paramedic students at Monash University in Victoria was conducted. Participants completed a 15-minute paper-based questionnaire which is composed of Maths Anxiety Rating Scale – Revised (MARS-R),) the Maths Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) and demographic information. Results The questionnaires were completed and returned by 344 students. (81.3% return rate). The mean score for the MARS-R was 25.71 (SD=8.80) and for the MSES was 125.59 (SD=29.55). Females had higher maths anxiety levels (M=26.83, SD=9.00) than males (M=23.67, SD=8.26) and lower self-efficacy (M=119.59, SD=29.30) than males (M=135.73, SD=27.39). There was a significant negative relationship between MARS-R and MSES levels. Multiple linear regression indicated that maths self-efficacy (beta = -0.626, p<0.001) made the strongest contribution to maths anxiety levels. Conclusion There was a significant negative relationship between maths anxiety and self-efficacy levels reported by the paramedic student cohort. Gender plays an integral part in determining maths anxiety and self-efficacy level. To improve maths performance and reduce anxiety during calculation tasks, such as dose determinations, targeted education should be developed to improve maths self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Depression and Anxiety Among Pregnant Mothers in the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic in Southwest of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Maharlouei ◽  
Pedram Keshavarz ◽  
Kamran B. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
Abnormal Level ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Abstract ‌Background: Women are at higher risk for depression progression especially during pregnancy. So, we aimed to investigate depression, anxiety, and stress level of pregnant mothers in the initial stage of the COVID-19 infection in Southwest of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted during March and April, 2020 in Shiraz, Iran. Pregnant mothers registered in maternity clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were included. An online self-administered checklist was used. It included socio-demographic, obstetric and medical history, and the short form of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) for evaluation of depression, anxiety, and stress. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: 540 pregnant mothers answered the questionnaire. 83.5% had no comorbidity. Abnormal depression score was significantly higher in those who did not have any insurance (OR= 2.5) and in those with poor self-rated health (SRH) (OR= 27.8). Pregnant mothers with lower SRH and two or more comorbidities had higher chance of having abnormal level of anxiety subscale; 6.9, 3.7 times, retrospectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that that abnormal level of depression was associated with SRH and medical insurance status. Moreover, the number of comorbidities and poor SRH were significantly increased the chance of achieving abnormal anxiety level in pregnant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Competencies of Daycare Caregivers in Building Interaction and Attachment with Children to Optimize Their Cognitive Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Selinna Sandrinia Zainuddin ◽  
Ni Made Surianti ◽  
Alfiasari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Interaction Variables ◽  
Caring Institution

Families whose parents are both working have limited time in nurturing their children. This circumstance makes parents, especially mothers, alternate parenting to the babysitter or caring institution called daycare. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of children's characteristics, caregiver-child interaction, and attachment with the cognitive development of preschool children in daycare. This study used a cross-sectional study design with the daycare (TPA) selection as the research location carried out purposively located in the buffer areas of the capital city of DKI Jakarta. Respondents in this study were 39 children aged 2.5-6.4 years with complete parents and 16 caregivers from four selected TPA who interacted with their children daily. Data was collected by means of in-depth observations to measure the interaction variables between caregivers and children. This study indicates a positive correlation between caregiver-child interaction and attachment with a child's cognitive development. This study also found a significant positive relationship between the caregivers-child interaction with caregivers-child attachments and a significant negative relationship between the child's age and the caregivers-child attachment. This shows that interaction, and attachment between caregivers and children are important factors that can improve cognitive development while in TPA.

scholarly journals Utility of Serum Allergy Test In Patients With Chronic Urticaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Sabina Bhattarai ◽  
K Pradhan ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
AD Pant
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Allergy Test ◽  
Common Skin

INTRODUCTION: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disorder affecting 15– 20% of the people in the general population. It is a frequent disease which presents with wheals, angiooedema or both and lasts for over six weeks or more. OBJECTIVES: To determine the etiology of IgE specific allergens in the causative of CU in the Nepalese population. MATERIALS & METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out between November 2014- October 2016 on all patients diagnosed as having CU. Blood samples were taken from all patients and asemiquantitative determination of IgE antibodies against a panel of individual allergens was done and data analyzed and interpreted in terms of numbers and percentages. RESULTS: Three hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study with 56% (175) being female and 44% (139) being male. The age of the patients ranged from 5years to 84 years with a mean of 37.33± 14.39 years. The duration of the disease also ranged from 0.15 to 20 years in which 116(36.9%) patients presented with disease of less than 6 months duration while 163(51.9%) patients had the disease for more than 6 months. Two hundred and seventy nine patients (88.9%)  showed a positive test to the allergens amongst which most were allergic to plants which included weeds and grass.CONCLUSION: In patients with CU whenever possible it is advisable to send the patient for serum allergy test to determine the causative agent, the avoidance of which can help in the management of urticaria in troublesome patients.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, Page: 33-36 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Academic Procrastination Among Medical Students and Its Relationship with Their Academic Achievement

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar Hayat ◽  
Moein Jahanian ◽  
Leila Bazrafcan ◽  
Nasrin Shokrpour
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship

Background: Procrastination is prevalent among university students and it affects different aspects of their personal and academic life. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of academic procrastination among medical students and its relationship with their academic achievement. Methods: This is a cross-sectional correlational study of 317 medical students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. To collect the data, we used Solomon and Rothblum academic procrastination questionnaire (1984). The questionnaire’s validity and reliability were confirmed by experts. We used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance) to analyze the data by SPSS version 14. Results: The results showed that 29.25% of the students had academic procrastination (nearly always or always). Moreover, 47.9% of the students stated that academic procrastination at a moderate level had caused a lot of problems for them. There was a significant negative relationship between academic procrastination and academic achievement in medical students (P < 0.01). Male students and those living in the dormitory had higher levels of procrastination than females and those living at home (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that a considerable number of students had high levels of procrastination, leading to permanent problems and reduced academic achievement.

scholarly journals DIGITALTOOLS AND LANGUAGE IN CHILDREN AGED BETWEEN 8 TO 36 MONTHS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Giangennaro Coppola ◽  
Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino ◽  
Chiara Padovano ◽  
Chiara Scuoppo ◽  
Valentina Vivenzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Daily Time

— Aim: In the last ten years, digital tools have become common in children. Language skills are important and emerge in childhood. The purpose of the present study is to find a potential relation between digital tools use and language skills in children aged 8 to 36 months, considering other factors. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that included a total of 260 subjects between 8 and 36 months. Parents of all children completed a questionnaire that explores usage of digital tools by children, and another one for language skills (MacArthur-Bates). Results: We found a significant negative relationship between the daily time of use of digital devices and the gestures and actions Quotient (ß = −0.397) in subjects aged 8 to 17 months, and between the daily time of use and the quotient of the lexicon (ß = −0.224) in subjects aged 18 to 36 months. Conclusion: We have shown that a major use of digital devices was linked to lower abilities of actions and mimics in subjects 8–17 months of age and to worse language performances in subjects aged 18 to 36 months. The other explored factors were not linked to these results.

scholarly journals THE VERTICAL JUMP AND SPRINT PERFORMANCE AS DETERMINANTS OF AGILITY AMONG MALE ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Zoran Momčilović ◽  
Darko Stojanović ◽  
Vladimir Momčilović
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between the vertical jump (VJ) and sprint performance with agility among male adolescents. The study was conducted on 42 male elementary school students, (age, 13±0.5 years). Among the predictor variables, the Squat Jump (SJ) and Countermovement Jump (CMJ) VJ height were assessed by the Optojump (Microgate, Italy) optical system, and sprint times at 5, 10 and 30 m were assessed using the photocells timing system Witty (Microgate, Italy). Agility as a criterion was assessed with the agility T-test, timed also with photocells. Obtained results showed a significant negative relationship between SJ, CMJ and agility (r=-0.52; -0.58, respectively) and a positive relationship between sprint times at 5, 10 and 30 m and agility (r=0.43; 0.53; 0.57, respectively). A backward stepwise regression analysis showed that the CMJ was the best single predictor of agility (R2=0.34). The results of this study illustrate that enhancing jump and sprint performance will bring better times in agility performance. Finally, the CMJ has best influence on agility among all the predictor variables.

Prevalence of Depression and Use of Antidepressant in Basic Medical Sciences Students of Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Dabal B. Dhami ◽  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Gaurav Jung Shah
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Male Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: According to WHO, depression would be the second-most prevalent condition worldwide by 2020. The prevalence of depression is increasing in medical colleges because of stressful, competitive environment, long hours of trainings and studying. It is important for medical educators or teacher to know the magnitude of depression in students and factors causing it. The present study was carried to assess the prevalence of depression, use of antidepressant and to find out their stressors among preclinical students of Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Nepal. Aims and objective: To assess the prevalence of depression, use of antidepressant and to find out their most common stressor among preclinical students Materials and methods: The descriptive cross sectional study was carried in preclinical students of Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Nepal, The data was collected with questionnaires which comprised of personal data (age, sex, year of study, religion and home country) and Zung Depression Inventory scale was used to rate the depression. Results: Among 218 students, the prevalence of depression was 24.3%. Male students are highly depressed (16.5%) then female (7.8%). First year student are more depressed (26.5%) then second year (22.4%). The depression score of the preclinical medical student was 44.67± 5.68 (mean ±SD). Majority of the students (>50%) found on academic stress and 3.6% of the total students were on antidepressants Conclusion: As the prevalence of depression is high in medical students there is need for the counselling services to the students in the medical college to control this morbidity.

scholarly journals Homesickness, Depression and Happiness in University Students of Hamadan, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Babak Moeini ◽  
Hamid Abasi ◽  
Maryam Afshari ◽  
Morteza Haji Hosseini ◽  
Ali Ghaleiha
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Background and aims: Students are exposed to multiple various mental disorders. One of the most important difficulties the students encounter are homesickness and depression the occurrence of which cause less happiness in the students. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among 3 factors of homesickness, depression, and happiness in dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 387 dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences from January to April 2016. The participants of the study were selected through stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation. Data were collected through self-reporting and four questionnaires including demographic data questionnaire, homesickness Benfleet questionnaire, University Students Depression Inventory (USDI), and Oxford happiness questionnaire. A quantitative analysis of the inquiry was performed using SPSS software, version 23. Results: The results showed that depression had an indirect relationship (-0.6) with happiness. That is, by increasing the depression scores happiness will decrease. In addition, depression had a significantly direct relationship (0.3) with homesickness. It implies that an increase in homesickness score leads to an increase in depression score. Moreover, homesickness had a significantly indirect relationship (-0.2) with happiness. Namely, an increase in homesickness, results in a decrease in happiness. Conclusion: In view of the results obtained and given the importance of mental health of the students in dormitories, it seems that the reasons related to homesickness and depression should be recognized and included in intervention and prevention programs. Besides, appropriate interventions must be designed and implemented in this regard.

Genetic variants of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in patients with phenylketonuria in the northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Samaneh Vojdani ◽  
Somayyeh Hashemian ◽  
Mohammadreza Mirinezhad ◽  
Mohammad Pourafshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Great Burden

AbstractBackgroundPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a common metabolic disorder with great burden if left untreated or undiagnosed. Genetic variations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene may be widely varied across different regions of a country. By knowing the most common mutations, diagnostic work-ups will be offered sooner and with lower costs for patients. The present study defines the most common genetic variations in the PAH gene in Khorasan province of Iran.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study took place in Khorasan province of Iran within a 6-year period starting from 2012 to 2018. Every patient who had been referred as suspicious PKU cases or referred for prenatal diagnosis was included in the present study.ResultsA total number of 122 individuals with a mean age of 26.22 years were enrolled in the present study. The most frequent genetic variations in the PAH gene were c.1066-11G > A and c.143 T > C. Exon 7 carried the most genetic variations compared to any single exon. Also, three patients had compound heterozygous status for c.727 C > T/c.1066-11 G > A in exon 7 and 11 of the PAH gene.ConclusionsMutations in the PAH gene are widely varied among different populations, and our results confirmed this fact. Determination of the most prevalent mutations and polymorphisms in each region will reduce the time and cost of diagnosing such preventable diseases and will therefore reduce the disease burden.

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