scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF LUPINE IN FOOD SECURITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
N. V. Gaponov
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Cost

A method for solving the problem of protein and energy value of rations is presented, which seems to be a key task for workers in animal husbandry and agricultural science. An important place in it is given to legumes and oilseeds. They are widely used in feeding animals in the form of green fodder, natural, crushed seeds and products of their processing (cake, meal, oil, etc.) and, to a limited extent, in the composition of compound feed. A key issue in feed production is the problem of feed protein. The further development of animal husbandry depends on its solution. Protein deficiency in rations is usually up to 30%, and this leads to overconsumption of feed and increases the cost of livestock products by 1.5–2.0 times. The solution to the problem of fodder protein should be carried out mainly at the expense of leguminous crops and their mixtures, legumes. One of the main tasks of fodder production is the introduction of progressive harvesting techniques. Dry feed mixtures with their structure and shape most fully meet the physiological needs of animals due to the increased energy of nutrients and product quality. 

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF MICROFERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION OF A NEW GENERATION ON CROPS OF MEADOW CLOVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356
Author(s):  
L.A. Dzugaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
New Generation

Feed production has been and remains one of the most important and complex problems in agriculture. The production of forage far exceeds the gross production of all other crop products. At the same time, being the most important branch of agriculture, they do not meet the needs of animal husbandry. The development of animal husbandry has recently been characterized by major organizational and technical changes. The process of specialization and concentration of its individual industries is under way at an accelerated pace. A network of large complexes for the production of livestock products on an industrial basis is being created, and farms are being comprehensively mechanized. All this led to an increase in the production of all livestock products. The successful development of animal husbandry depends, first of all, on the state of the fodder base. In recent years, fodder production has developed into one of the most important branches of agriculture. Analysis of the current state of feed production in North Ossetia shows that the supply of livestock with feed is 1.5 times lower than in some regions of the Russian Federation and has a tendency to further decline. This is due to the fact that feed production is aimed at volumetric rather than quality indicators. Therefore, all vegetable feeds of our own production are characterized by a low concentration of protein in dry matter (8.3-9.2%) and metabolizable energy (8.2-8.5 MJ). Clover is one of the leading forage crops. Its role as a cheap source of protein for animals and as an excellent precursor in crop rotation is well known. Agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to the nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the ground, loosen the soil layer, extracting nutrients that are difficult for other plants to reach, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical properties, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. Get ting high and stable yields is possible with uninterrupted, harmonious, balanced supply of plants with basic nutrients in accordance with their needs throughout the growing season. The size of the yield is the most important indicator of the effectiveness of the culture under study, cultivation conditions, agricultural techniques and their combinations. It is advisable to focus on modern biological products and complex bioorganic fertilizers, because their composition is as close to optimal values as possible.

scholarly journals Resource-saving technologies for preparing fodder crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00106
Author(s):  
Tatiana Marinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Unconventional Feed

A modern animal husbandry needs balanced feeding with rational use of feed and the maximum involvement of unconventional feed. At the same time, issues of increasing the nutritional value of feeds, improving quality, reducing the share of cereals remain urgent, since they occupy a significant part in the composition of the diet and cost structure. The application of modern feed processing technologies increases the efficiency of their use, increases the performance of animal husbandry, as evidenced by numerous experiments. The organization of feed production based on own feed resources significantly reduces the cost of production. The application of a number of technologies has been discussed and justified, which allows obtaining feed with high zootechnical and consumer characteristics, as well as with high rates of nutrition, digestibility and biological value with a significant reduction in the cost of feeding.

Xerohalophyte semishrub Kochia prostrata — variety selection for arid land reclamation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Шамсутдинов ◽  
Г. Кенжегалиев
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Selection For

Исследования проводились в 20092019 годах в Казахском научно-исследовательском институте животноводства и кормопроизводства. Изучение и отбор различных образцов кохии простёртой в коллекционных питомниках, контрольные и конкурсные испытания позволили поэтапно выявить перспективные генотипы, обладающие высокой скоростью отрастания и высокорослостью, которые в дальнейшем использовались для создания сортов пастбищного и сенокосного типа. При изучении исходного материала были выявлены различия между зеленоватым и серым подвидами кохии по многим морфобиологическим признакам. При этом зеленоватый подвид характеризовался раннеспелостью и хорошим отрастанием, обуславливающими его пастбищное использование. Серый подвид был более пригоден для производства сена, сочетая в себе высокорослость, прямостоячесть и позднеспелость. В процессе селекции пастбищных форм было выявлено преимущество образцов северо-туранских каменистых экотипов. Образцы К-210, К-211 и К-510, К-521, имея облиственность 69710, были наиболее продуктивными 1,331,40 и 1,321,34 т/га соответственно. При создании сортов сенокосного типа наиболее перспективными оказались песчаные экотипы, имея высоту 7174 см, облиственность 5457, высокое содержание протеина (1214) и урожайность сена 2,803,26 т/га. На основе образца К-210, превосходящего стандарт по сбору сухой массы на 34,3, был получен сорт Пастбищный, обладающий высотой 62 см, тонкостебельностью и высокой облиственностью (70). Сорт характеризовался повышенной устойчивостью к болезням, хорошим отрастанием, засухоустойчивостью и зимостойкостью. Для получения сорта для сенокосного использования был отобран образец песчаного экотипа К-513, превысивший по урожайности стандарт на 31. Высота растения составила 77,7 см, облиственность 5458, форма куста прямостоячая, позволяющая проводить уборку наиболее ценных в кормовом отношении частей куста. The investigation took place at the Kazakh Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production in 20092019. Promising genotypes of Kochia prostrata were used to develop varieties for green fodder and hay production. Green and grey subspecies showed variation in many morphological and biological traits. The green subspecies was more suitable for pasture use due to its early maturation and fast aftergrowth, while tall-grown upright long-season grey subspecies for hay production. Genotypes K-210, K-211 and K-510, K-521 had leaf coverage of 69710 and high productivity 1.331.40 and 1.321.34 t ha-1, respectively. Sandy ecotypes were used to produce hay. Their height reached 7174 cm, leaf coverage 5457, protein content 1214 and hay yield 2.803.26 t ha-1. Genotype К-210 was used to develop the variety Pastbishchnyy, exceeding the standard in dry mass by 34.3. Its height reached 62 cm, leaf coverage 70, stem thin. The variety had high resistance to diseases, drought and frost as well as good aftergrowth. To develop a variety for hay production purposes К-513 line was selected exceeding the standard in productivity by 31. Plant height was 77.7 cm, leaf coverage 5458. Upright shrub type enabled harvesting the most valuable parts.

scholarly journals Substantiation of a Promising Design and Technological Scheme of a Multicomponent Dispenser-Mixer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
I. Seidova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
High Uniformity ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Livestock Products

Currently, one of the main tasks facing animal husbandry is to ensure the conservation of land to provide the population with high-quality livestock products, as well as to increase the productivity and productivity of each livestock. The correct implementation of this task primarily depends on the creation of a solid feed base. This, in turn, is possible due to the improvement and introduction of feed production technologies that do not depend on natural conditions. The technology of mixed feed production is a set of operations (grinding, dosing, mixing, etc.) performed in a certain sequence. As a result of these operations, feed is obtained from the raw materials (grain components, mineral additives, vitamins, salts, etc.) with the parameters specified in accordance with its recipe. The creation of a multicomponent dispenser-mixer capable of preparing grain mixtures in a continuous flow with high uniformity of dosing and mixing requires research and development work and is caused by the need of agricultural enterprises for such dispensers-mixers. In the technological line under study, the feed components are alternately crushed and loaded into the mixing unit. The processing line is equipped with an electronic weighing system that allows you to accurately dose the components of compound feeds and accumulate data on grain consumption. The raw materials for the preparation of compound feeds are cereals, as well as protein and vitamin supplements. The system of feeding protein and vitamin supplements is carried out by an auger, which ensures their supply to the mixing zone even with their minimum amount. The fineness of the grinding is regulated by replacing the sieve in the crusher.

The use distribution properties of Poisson in the production of high-performance feed

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
A. Spesivtsev
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Livestock Productivity

In a market economics the main reference point for livestock enterprises is the factor of stability and financial well-being. With more than half of all expenses of livestock production is necessary for feed because livestock productivity is mainly dependent on feed, on their efficacy and safety must be first and foremost, the focus in feed production. Only under these environments can the growing productivity of animals, high quality of products and consistent reduction of its primecost be ensured. The influence of the feed base on the development of animal husbandry is shown in the following: properly balanced nutritional feed rations dramatically increase the productivity of animals, increase milk yield, and average daily gains of live weight. The use of biologically and economically effective rations of animals and poultry, first of all, helps to reduce the prime-cost of livestock products, achieve profitability of its production, increase competitiveness in domestic and global markets and ultimately improve the quality of life of Russians. The role of mathematics, including probability theory and mathematical statistics in feed production are indisputable. It makes it possible to build a mathematical model of the object under study, i.e. to describe its most significant features and properties in the language of mathematical concepts and equations. The examples of analytical calculations based on the use of Poisson distribution properties, which allow us to implement a model of high-performance feed with the content of biologically active substances of components in the specified diets of animals and poultry have been provided in the article. The results of the calculations have been summarized in the table to which this brief explanation.

scholarly journals Costs as a Basic Component of the System of Accounting and Analysis of Livestock Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Tetiana Mulyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. The need to ensure efficient production of livestock products dictates the need to improve accounting and analytical support for the management of this process, and in particular the costs that are the main factor in the formation of the cost of livestock products. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess current trends in the livestock industry and study the essence of the concept of “costs”, determine their economic content and their importance as a basic component of the system of accounting and analysis of livestock production. Results. The article examines the costs as a basic component of the system of accounting and analysis of livestock production. The role of the livestock industry in food security, development of agricultural production and the country’s economy has been demonstrated. Production volumes and livestock has been analyzed. It has been noted that in today’s conditions, the peculiarity of the industry is the reduction of production and livestock, which occurs in farms of all forms of ownership. It has been determined that the main objects of accounting and analysis, control of which belongs to the competence of the enterprise, are costs. A critical assessment of similar categories: as “costs”, “costs” and “cost” has been introduced. It has been established that cost management in essence is the management of all economic activities of the organization, as it covers all aspects of production processes carried out at the enterprise. Accordingly, the main tasks of accounting for production costs has been identified. Concepts such as: cost centers, places of their origin, responsibility centers has been studied. Based on the development of P (S) BU 16 “Costs” structurizing of the enterprise costs has been made. The purpose, objectives and sources of cost analysis in the field of animal husbandry and the features of this industry, which must be considered in the organization of accounting and analysis has been determined. Conclusions. The process of production of livestock products is accompanied by the incurrence of costs, which either form the cost of finished products, or are recognized as expenses of the period. The costs incurred before the sale of products are often called costs. This indicates that the category of “costs” is decisive and fundamental for the interpretation and development of the essence of the concepts of “costs” and “cost”. This understanding allows to eliminate the ambiguity of interpretation in the categorical apparatus of accounting and to build a concept of organization of accounting and analysis in general and in the field of animal husbandry, in particular.

scholarly journals Methodical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of animal husbandry

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (94) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
R. M. Myniv
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Livestock Products

Economic efficiency of livestock production is determined using a system of indicators, among which the main (generalizing) indicator of economic efficiency of livestock production is the achieved level of labor productivity. This indicator has a significant impact on other derivative indicators. A comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of farming systems should be carried out using a generalized indicator of the efficiency of the used resources of the livestock enterprise and an indicator of the share of growth of livestock products. The matrix method is the most acceptable for the analysis and an estimation of efficiency of work of the livestock enterprises. It allows: to rank livestock enterprises according to the achieved level of efficiency (static task); to study changes in the level of efficiency of livestock enterprises during the analyzed period (dynamic task); determine the dependence of farm performance on intensive and extensive factors. To assess the economic efficiency of feed production in animal husbandry use the indicator “marginal productivity of feed (feed protein) unit”. Evaluation of productive use of dairy cows is carried out using the coefficient of productivity intensity, which is calculated by the ratio of the average milk yield per day to the lifetime milk yield of cows. The complexity of livestock mechanization, individual technological lines or specific machines and equipment is determined by the calculated technical and economic indicators, comparing them with the indicators obtained in practice of the existing facility or basic analogue, or with the best examples of domestic or world practice. The application of the above indicators of analysis and evaluation of livestock efficiency will provide: assessment of the effectiveness of production systems by livestock enterprises in modern conditions of their development; objective characteristics of farming and the main results of activities in animal husbandry; identification of the most rational options for improving the efficiency of animal husbandry; comparative assessment of the efficiency of livestock enterprises operating in the same natural and economic conditions; measuring production efficiency in livestock and related industries; identification and evaluation of a set of measures for the development of animal husbandry aimed at improving the efficiency of its operation.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF THE STOCK-RAISING TERRITORY ON THE ECOLOGICAL BASIS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF STAVROPOL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Elena V. Pismennaya ◽  
Vladimir A. Stukalo ◽  
Elena А. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Grassland Production ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Cost

The leading sector of the South of Russia is crop production and livestock-raising with a relatively high risk. Animal husbandry in the region is facing a crisis; the structure and size of herds have sharply decreased. The cost of livestock products and the gap in the rate of its growth are constantly growing. There were problems with fodders and their structural and nutritional imbalance. There is a shortage of meat and dairy products. The volume of gross production for the period from 2005 to 2013 is provided by domestic and foreign meat imports which increased 3-fold. Methods. An analytical study on the state of animal husbandry is conducted on the basis of reports and statistical materials. The system "natural resource potential – industry sector" is described. Analysis of the current state of the industry is aimed at determining the methods of making decisions on land use management on the example of the structural and functional model of development of the agricultural enterprises. Results. At the present time, conditions arise when it is necessary to shift to a new scientifically grounded structural and functional model of the spatial organization of the enterprises. This will allow implementing the strategy of ecoadaptive intensification of grassland production, since the value of cultivated pastures is determined by high proportion of forage grasses in the feed balance and their huge ecological function. Conclusion. This structural and functional approach is based on the consolidation of the territory of agrarian enterprises and the phased subsequent replacement of biological species with different life cycle duration. In this case, the result is the rapid achievement of the maximum productivity of species with low competitive ability which will lead to short payback period.

scholarly journals FEED PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF THE KIROV REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Sitnikov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Fodder Production

The state of the agro-industrial complex of the Kirov region, the factors hindering its development, key problems are analyzed, the main directions of intensification of the industry are proposed on the basis of the implementation of the achievements of modern agricultural science and practice, the use of innovative technologies in fodder production.

scholarly journals Field of the secondary raw materials applicationof animal husbandry in the economic turnover

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
O. K. Denissova ◽  
M. U. Rakhimberdinova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
By Products

The current level of development of the domestic meat industry of the agro-industrial complex requires a fundamentally new approach to the problem of integrated use of all types of livestock products. In this regard, the utilization of by-products obtained during the slaughter of livestock, instead of its full and deep processing - not only the loss of valuable food and feed protein, but also huge monetary losses, leading to an increase in the cost of the main product - meat. The essence of an effective approach to the processing of slaughter products is to create and implement low-and waste-free technologies that allow you to maximize and comprehensively extract all the valuable components of raw materials, turning them into useful products. The researchers concluded that the livestock sector in Kazakhstan should be considered not only as a supplier of meat and dairy products, but also as a promising sub-sector that provides secondary raw materials to such industries as light, textile, construction, engineering and others. The categories of livestock slaughter products, the structure of its average standard output, and the main functions of waste-free production are considered. The features of development of deep processing of livestock products in Kazakhstan are analyzed and the directions of development of the meat industry are developed. The authors came to the conclusion that the economic efficiency of the meat industry depends on the rational use of all resources obtained during the slaughter of livestock and the conversion of by-products into marketable products.

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