scholarly journals Social Media, Democracy and Fake News in Pakistan: An Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ur Rehman ◽  
Shabir Hussain ◽  
Durreshehwar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Western World ◽  
Fake News ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Sizeable Number

In this study, the researchers examined the prevalence of fake news in the social media debates on Pakistani politics and society. The content analysis showed that both Twitter and Facebook carried a sizeable number of fake news relating to the politics and international affairs, military, economy and religion. Though more fake news was posted relating to politics and politicians, fake news stories relating to international relations got more likes and share as compared to other topics. Interestingly, even though the fake news was busted as fake and not genuine, these continued getting attention of people. This indicates the influence of cult following and populism on the Pakistani social media users. The findings of this study support the available scholarship on the prevalence of fake news, its popularity and spread in the Western world.

scholarly journals Assigning Responsibility for Preventing the Spread of Misinformation Online: Some Findings on Gender Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Moncef Belhadjali ◽  
Gary Whaley ◽  
Sami Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Major Attention

“Fake News” gained major attention throughout all types of media such as print media, broadcast news, and the Internet. This paper utilizes data from a survey of Internet users to compare the perceptions of females and males of the responsibility in preventing the spread of fake news. Those held responsible for taking additional control include public, government, and social media sites. Most respondents (91%) think that made up news stories hinder Americans. Also, most Americans agree that all three players should be more responsible -public (76%), government (73%), networking sites (76%). The results of a regression analysis followed by a t-test revealed that there is no statistically significant gender difference among the means. However, females are more likely to attribute the primary responsibility to the social media sites, when males are more likely to perceive the government as the primary responsible.

scholarly journals National Image in International Relations: The Perception of China’s National Image on Vietnamese Social Media: A case study of the VnExpress of 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Tuan Hung ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Online News ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
National Image ◽  
The Social ◽  
Case Study Methods

The paper aims to analyse the perception of the China’s national image on Vietnam social media through a case study of VnExpress Online News. The study surveyed 901 articles with topics related to China from January 1, 2019 to December 31st, 2019 based on using content analysis and case study methods. The results show that the social media plays an important role in shaping China's national image in Vietnam. China's national image is received by the Vietnamese public both positively and negatively. The perception of Vietnamese public is more negative than positive on social media.

scholarly journals Linguistic drivers of misinformation diffusion on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Di Domenico ◽  
Annamaria Tuan ◽  
Marco Visentin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Textual Cues ◽  
Twitter Users

AbstractIn the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedent amounts of fake news and hoax spread on social media. In particular, conspiracy theories argued on the effect of specific new technologies like 5G and misinformation tarnished the reputation of brands like Huawei. Language plays a crucial role in understanding the motivational determinants of social media users in sharing misinformation, as people extract meaning from information based on their discursive resources and their skillset. In this paper, we analyze textual and non-textual cues from a panel of 4923 tweets containing the hashtags #5G and #Huawei during the first week of May 2020, when several countries were still adopting lockdown measures, to determine whether or not a tweet is retweeted and, if so, how much it is retweeted. Overall, through traditional logistic regression and machine learning, we found different effects of the textual and non-textual cues on the retweeting of a tweet and on its ability to accumulate retweets. In particular, the presence of misinformation plays an interesting role in spreading the tweet on the network. More importantly, the relative influence of the cues suggests that Twitter users actually read a tweet but not necessarily they understand or critically evaluate it before deciding to share it on the social media platform.

scholarly journals Automated Classification of Fake News Spreaders to Break the Misinformation Chain

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Simone Leonardi ◽  
Giuseppe Rizzo ◽  
Maurizio Morisio
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
User Classification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Network Topologies

In social media, users are spreading misinformation easily and without fact checking. In principle, they do not have a malicious intent, but their sharing leads to a socially dangerous diffusion mechanism. The motivations behind this behavior have been linked to a wide variety of social and personal outcomes, but these users are not easily identified. The existing solutions show how the analysis of linguistic signals in social media posts combined with the exploration of network topologies are effective in this field. These applications have some limitations such as focusing solely on the fake news shared and not understanding the typology of the user spreading them. In this paper, we propose a computational approach to extract features from the social media posts of these users to recognize who is a fake news spreader for a given topic. Thanks to the CoAID dataset, we start the analysis with 300 K users engaged on an online micro-blogging platform; then, we enriched the dataset by extending it to a collection of more than 1 M share actions and their associated posts on the platform. The proposed approach processes a batch of Twitter posts authored by users of the CoAID dataset and turns them into a high-dimensional matrix of features, which are then exploited by a deep neural network architecture based on transformers to perform user classification. We prove the effectiveness of our work by comparing the precision, recall, and f1 score of our model with different configurations and with a baseline classifier. We obtained an f1 score of 0.8076, obtaining an improvement from the state-of-the-art by 4%.

scholarly journals The Impact of “Manipulated News” on Student Attitudes and Perceptions and Their Participation in the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110197
Author(s):  
Chesca Ka Po Wong ◽  
Runping Zhu ◽  
Richard Krever ◽  
Alfred Siu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

While the impact of fake news on viewers, particularly marginalized media users, has been a cause of growing concern, there has been little attention paid to the phenomenon of deliberately “manipulated” news published on social media by mainstream news publishers. Using qualitative content analysis and quantitative survey research, this study showed that consciously biased animated news videos released in the midst of the Umbrella Movement protests in Hong Kong impacted on both the attitudes of students and their participation in the protests. The findings raise concerns over potential use of the format by media owners to promote their preferred ideologies.

scholarly journals Advancing children’s news media literacy: learning from the practices and experiences of young Australians

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-707
Author(s):  
Tanya Notley ◽  
Michael Dezuanni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
News Media ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Literacy Learning ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Media Literacy Education ◽  
Nationally Representative

Social media use has redefined the production, experience and consumption of news media. These changes have made verifying and trusting news content more complicated and this has led to a number of recent flashpoints for claims and counter-claims of ‘fake news’ at critical moments during elections, natural disasters and acts of terrorism. Concerns regarding the actual and potential social impact of fake news led us to carry out the first nationally representative survey of young Australians’ news practices and experiences. Our analysis finds that while social media is one of young people’s preferred sources of news, they are not confident about spotting fake news online and many rarely or never check the source of news stories. Our findings raise important questions regarding the need for news media literacy education – both in schools and in the home. Therefore, we consider the historical development of news media literacy education and critique the relevance of dominant frameworks and pedagogies currently in use. We find that news media has become neglected in media literacy education in Australia over the past three decades, and we propose that current media literacy frameworks and pedagogies in use need to be rethought for the digital age.

Does KFC sell rat? Analysis of tweets in the wake of a rumor outbreak

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjan Pal ◽  
Alton Y.K. Chua ◽  
Dion Hoe-Lian Goh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
The Social

Purpose In the wake of a rumor outbreak, individuals exchange three types of messages: rumor messages, counter-rumor messages, and uncertainty-expressing messages. However, the properties of the three types of messages are relatively unknown particularly in the social media context. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine these three types of messages posted on social media in the wake of a rumor outbreak. Design/methodology/approach Data included tweets posted after the outbreak of a rumor that wrongly accused the fast food chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) for selling rats instead of chicken. Using a deductive approach, codes were derived via content analysis on the tweets. Volume and exposure of tweets were also examined. Findings Counter-rumor tweets (52 percent) outnumbered rumors tweets (32 percent) and uncertainty-expressing tweets (16 percent). Emotions and personal involvement were abundant in rumor tweets. Expressions of credence and references to URLs were high in counter-rumor tweets. Social ties were found widely in uncertainty-expressing tweets. The high volume and exposure of counter-rumor tweets compared with those of either rumor tweets or uncertainty-expressing tweets highlight the potential of counter-rumors to mitigate rumors. Originality/value This research ventures into a relatively unexplored territory by concurrently examining rumor messages, counter-rumor messages and uncertainty-expressing messages in the wake of a rumor outbreak. It reveals that counter-rumor messages have the potential to mitigate rumors on social media.

scholarly journals O potrzebie rekonstrukcji przestrzeni badawczej w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Refleksje natury polityczno-normatywnej, systemowej i metaforycznej

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa ŁOŚ-NOWAK
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Relationship

The world of the 21st century provides an intriguing space for academic reflection, offering new challenges and stimulating new concepts of international relations. In this context there emerges the significant question of the essence and direction of these concepts. They may entail deconstruction followed by a reconstruction of the research space in this field. Astrategy of resetting cannot be excluded here, either. Assuming that reconstruction is the appropriate solution there are significant issues of its scope and direction. If a total reset is considered rational we need to address the issue of what it should involve. This is a difficult question for researchers into international relations because it would mean that the hitherto achievements of this subject are being questioned. The post-positivist approach of numerous researchers, which manifests their response to the positivist methodology in the field of international relations, has not so far produced a unified methodological formula or a relatively coherent theory of international relations. Questions concerning the function of science, the nature of the social world (ontology) and the relationship between knowledge and the world (epistemology) remain open. Therefore, it may be worth going back to M. Wight’s provocative thesis that it is impossible to construct a reasonable theory of international relations, mainly owing to the dichotomy of the two fields of research that – in his opinion – cannot be overcome, namely the dichotomy of the ‘international’ (the realm of external affairs of states) and ‘internal’ (the realm of internal affairs within state), which are mutually exclusive because of their specificity; and once again ask the questions of how sensible the thesis of the dichotomy of both these environments is in a world that is strongly conditioned by the cross-border actors, interdependence and globalization. While the separateness of the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ state environments was, for Wight, an important obstacle, making it impossible to construct an academic theory explaining international relations, at the same time the current theory regarding their exclusivity in the context of the internalization of international affairs and the externalization of conditions inside states seems unsustainable. This phenomenon currently allows us to explain the imperative for combining these two environments, overlapping them …breaking down the old, established orders as a result of the now clearly visible phenomena and processes of the ‘internal state’ merging into the ‘international environment’ and vice versa, the disappearance of the traditional functions of borders, the weakening of old institutions and structures for steering the international environment as well as replacing them with entirely new institutions and structures.

scholarly journals Loodus tuleb tagasi: delfiinid ja saurused. Libauudistest, photoshop-muistenditest ja meemidest koroonakarantiini ajal

Mäetagused ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Eda Kalmre ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Social ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Positive Effect

The article follows the narrative trend initiated by the social media posts and fake news during the first months of the corona quarantine, which claims that the decrease of contamination due to the quarantine has a positive effect on the environment and nature recovery. The author describes the context of the topic and follows the changes in the rhetoric through different genres, discussing the ways in which a picture can tell a truthful story. What is the relation between the context, truth, and rhetoric? This material spread globally, yet it was also readily “translated” into the Estonian context, and – what is very characteristic of the entire pandemic material – when approaching this material, truthful and fabricated texts, photos, and videos were combined. From the folkloristic point of view, these rumours in the form of fake news, first presented in the function of a tall tale and further following the sliding truth scale of legends, constitute a part of coping strategies, so-called crisis humour, yet, on the other hand, also a belief story presenting positive imagery, which surrounds the mainly apocalyptically perceived pandemic period and interprets the human existence on a wider scale. Even if these fake news and memes have no truth value, they communicate an idea – nature recovers – and definitely offer hope and a feeling of well-being.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI MEDIA ONLINE PENGUSAHA MILENIAL DALAM MEMBANGUN PERSONAL BRANDING DI ERA DIGITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Dewi Rachmawati ◽  
Lestari Nurhajati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Generation Cohorts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Branding ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Scientists who use cohort generation (generation cohorts) to classify subjects by age group, strongly believe in differences in attitudes, behaviors and communication in each generation. Millennials in the age range of 23-39 (born 1980-1995) tend to be depicted as relying heavily on communication based on internet technology. This situation certainly causes significant communication changes, including when these millennials become entrepreneurs, inevitably they will rely on communication via online media. In 2018, several rows of Indonesian millennials entered the ranks of successful Asian entrepreneurs under the age of 30. This phenomenon certainly becomes interesting to study about how the use of online media by young entrepreneurs as a means of their communication with the public. This study aims to find out how the personal branding of millennial entrepreneurs is built with communication via online media. The personal branding study that is often used as a guideline is the Eight Laws of Personal Branding concept, which is a personal branding strategy that emphasizes the side; specialization, leadership, personality, distinctiveness, visibility, unity, persistence, and goodwill. This study uses the content analysis (content analysis) approach to 5 online media (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, LinkedIn and Website / blog) owned by 5 millennial entrepreneurs (Dian Pelangi, Fransisca Hadiwidjana, Talita Setyadi, Rorian Pratyaksa, and Stanislaus Tandelilin) within 1 year (1 January 2018 - 31 December 2018). The results of this study indicate that the effort to build personal branding on each of the online media owned, is only attached to the figure of Dian Pelangi, who is very active in using all lines of social media. While the other 4 subjects actually did not all actively utilize the social media / online media they had..Keywords:  online media communication, millennials, personal branding, millennial entrepreneurs, digital era.  ABSTRAK Ilmuwan yang menggunakan cohort generation (generasi kohort) untuk menggolongkan subyek berdasarkan kelompok umur, sangat mempercayai adanya perbedaan sikap, perilaku dan komunikasi pada tiap generasi. Generasi milenial dalam rentang usia 23-39 (lahir 1980-1995) cenderung digambarkan sangat mengandalkan komunikasi berbasis penggunaan teknologi internet. Situasi ini tentu menyebabkan perubahan komunikasi yang signifikan, termasuk ketika para milenial ini menjadi pengusaha, mau tidak mau mereka akan mengandalkan komunikasi via media online. Tahun 2018 lalu beberapa deretan pengusaha milenial Indonesia masuk dalam jajaran pengusaha sukses Asia di bawah usia 30 tahun. Fenomena ini tentu menjadi menarik untuk diteliti tentang bagaimana penggunaan media online para pengusaha muda ini sebagai sarana komunikasi mereka dengan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana personal branding para pengusaha milenial dibangun dengan komunikasi via media online. Kajian personal branding yang sering dijadikan pedoman adalah konsep Eight Laws of Personal Branding, yakni strategi personal branding yang menekankan pada sisi; spesialisasi, kepemimpinan, kepribadian, kekhasan, terlihat, Kesamaan antara yang terlihat dan tak terlihat, kegigihan dan itikad baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian content analysis (analisis isi) atas 5 media online (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, LinkedIn dan Website/blog) yang dimiliki oleh 5 pengusaha milenial (Dian Pelangi, Fransisca Hadiwidjana, Talita Setyadi, Rorian Pratyaksa, dan Stanislaus Tandelilin) dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun (1 januari 2018 - 31 Desember 2018). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya membangun personal branding pada masing-masing media online yang dimiliki, hanya melekat pada sosok Dian Pelangi, yang sangat aktif menggunakan semua lini media sosialnya. Sementara ke 4 subyek lainnya justru tidak semuanya aktif memanfaatkan media sosial/ media online yang dimilikinya..Kata Kunci: komunikasi media online, milenial, personal branding, pengusaha milenial, era digital.

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