scholarly journals CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF FUNGI OF THE FAMILY MUCORACEAE, THE GENUS ASPERGILLUS AS CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ZOOANTHROPONOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
O.V. Kinash ◽  
T.A. Skotarenko
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Standard Techniques

At present, in Ukraine there is a growing prevalence of fungal infections, including aspergillosis and mucormycosis, against HIV / AIDS, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma and cancerous diseases [11]. The literature available presents scanty data on which of the most commonly used nutrient media provide the highest biosynthetic activity for the fungi of the family Mucoraceae, the genus Aspergillus. The aim of this study was to investigate the cultural properties of the studied isolates of fungi on different nutrient media. The following field fungi isolates were studied: Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch, Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Aspergillus flavus Link. The following nutrient media were used: the Plout medium, the Grigoraki medium, the Czapek agar, the Sabouraud agar, the wort-agar, the Van Eterson medium, the Sabouraud-dextrose broth, the honey medium. The concentration of fungi spores per 1 cm3 of inoculum was assessed on the basis of standard methods using a Goryaev's chamber. The evaluation of the intensity of spore formation on different nutrient media was carried out by standard techniques and assessed in CFU/ cm2 [30]. The most intense growth of micromycetes of the Mucor and Aspergillus genera is found on media containing sucrose, dextrose, maltose, glucose, dextrin, glycerol or plant components (the Sabouraud agar, the Czapek agar, the wort agar, the Grigoraki medium, and the Plout medium).

Seasonal pattern and genotype distribution of sapovirus infection in Japan, 2003–2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. DEY ◽  
O. PHATHAMMAVONG ◽  
T. D. NGUYEN ◽  
A. THONGPRACHUM ◽  
W. CHAN-IT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Predominant Strain

SUMMARYSapovirus, a member of the family Caliciviridae, is one of the major causative agents of viral gastroenteritis affecting all age groups. A total of 3232 faecal specimens collected from infants and children with gastroenteritis in five different regions of Japan during 2003–2009 were examined for sapovirus by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Sapoviruses were detected in 131 (4·05%) patients with the peak observed mainly in the cold season (November–March) in Japan during 2003–2009. During the last 6 years, sapovirus GI/1 was the predominant strain in Japan followed by GIV, GII/3, GII/6, GII/2, GII/12 and GI, respectively.

CASE SERIES: A SPECTRUM OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Venkatesh B. C. ◽  
Rajendra Rao K. M. ◽  
K. N. Mohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Causative Agents

Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing a major health crisis across the globe. With the increasing number of fungal infections associated with COVID-19 being reported, it is imperative to understand the spectrum of such infections. Most documented cases have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus or treatment with immunomodulators. The most common causative agents are Aspergillus, Candida or Mucorales. This series aims to portray the spectrum of fungal infections associated with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Рredominant microflora of natural and wastewaters of Lviv region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
I. Z. Koval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Meat Peptone Agar ◽  
Saccharomyces Yeast

Quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms have been determined by the microbiological methods of the analysis of natural waters and industrial wastewater. It is shown that the dominant microflora of the studied waters are Diplococcus, Sarcina, Bacillus, Pseudomonas bacteria types, blue-green algae of Oscillatoria types, as well as Saccharomyces yeast types. Morphological, physiological and cultural characteristics of colonies grown on nutrient media were studied to identify microorganisms. The growth pattern of colonies of microorganisms on meat-peptone agar (for bacteria) and wort-agar (for yeast) in a Petri dish is shown.

scholarly journals Genogroup II Noroviruses Efficiently Bind to Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Associated with the Cellular Membrane

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 3817-3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Tamura ◽  
Katsuro Natori ◽  
Masahiko Kobayashi ◽  
Tatsuo Miyamura ◽  
Naokazu Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sulfated Derivative ◽  
Causative Agents

ABSTRACT Norovirus (NV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is one of the important causative agents of acute gastroenteritis. In the present study, we found that virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from genogroup II (GII) NV were bound to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Interestingly, the VLPs derived from GII were more than ten times likelier to bind to cells than were those derived from genogroup I (GI). Heparin, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and suramin, a highly sulfated derivative of urea, efficiently blocked VLP binding to mammalian cell surfaces. The reagents known to bind to cell surface heparan sulfate, as well as the enzymes that specifically digest heparan sulfate, markedly reduced VLP binding to the cells. Treatment of the cells with chlorate revealed that sulfation of heparan sulfate plays an important role in the NV-heparan sulfate interaction. The binding efficiency of NV to undifferentiated Caco-2 (U-Caco-2) cells differed largely between GI NV and GII NV, whereas the efficiency of binding to differentiated Caco-2 (D-Caco-2) cells did not differ significantly between the two genogroups, although slight differences between strains were observed. Digestion with heparinase I resulted in a reduction of up to 90% in U-Caco-2 cells and a reduction of up to only 50% in D-Caco-2 cells, indicating that heparan sulfate is the major binding molecule for U-Caco-2 cells, while it contributed to only half of the binding in the case of D-Caco-2 cells. The other half of those VLPs was likely to be associated with H-type blood antigen, suggesting that GII NV has two separate binding sites. The present study is the first to address the possible role of cell surface glycosaminoglycans in the binding of recombinant VLPs of NV.

scholarly journals Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle): A Pharmacologically Important Medicinal Plant Species of Himalayan Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Geeta Rawat ◽  
Alka Bameta ◽  
A. K. Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
The Family ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) belonging to the family Urticaceae is a medicinal plantfound in the Himalayas region from Kashmir to Kumaon region (Uttarakhand.). In Himalayan region, this plant is used for the daily purpose as food as well as to serve animals. It contains various phytochemicals like phenolic acid, coumarins, flavanols, bioflavonoids, Flavan-3-ols etc which is used to cure many diseases like arthritis, constipation, Pulmonary, Liver, Intestine, Kidney, Diabetes, Fungal infections, anti-inflammatory, internal injury and wounds. It also has hepatoprotective activity, anti‑hyperlipidemic activity, diuretic activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity. Researchers have reported about 30 species with 47 genera and 1,300 species worldwide used to treat different diseases. Medicinal plants have proved to be the “backbone” of traditional medical system which signifies that developing countries depend upon medicinal plants for therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Мікробоносійство личинок Strongyloides westeri

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
V.O. Yevstafieva ◽  
I.N. Shendryk ◽  
Yu.A. Gugosyan
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Strongyloides Westeri

The associations of parasites in animals are diverse both in taxonomic respect (helminthes, protozoa, viruses, bacteria) and due to pathology caused by them. Strongyloides are often associated with parasitocenosis of animals, forming close symbiotic links with pathogens of infections. Penetrating into the body percutaneous or alimentary, larvae of helminthes inoculate bacteria and viruses, thereby complicating the course of diseases. In order to study the probability of persistence of microorganisms in the body of Strongyloides westeri larvae, larva homogenate was sown to nutrient media. Isolated microorganisms differed in terms of appearance, pigmentation and cultural properties, forming on colonies of S- and R-forms on dense nutrient media. In the broth, turbidity was detected, the formation of a precipitate and a film on its surface. Bacteriological studies of Strongyloides westeri homogenate larvae identified 7 cultures of microorganisms that were identified as representatives of the families: Enterobacteriaceae (genera Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus) Micrococcaeae (genus Streptococcus, Staphylococcus) Bacillaceae (genus Bacillus). In the homogenate samples of larvae of all experimental animals (100%), bacteria of genera were found: Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, 60% identified bacteria of the genus Proteus, 20% of the genus Streptococcus. The conducted studies established the parasitocenotic connections of Stongyloides westeri larvae and the microorganisms of seven different genera belonging to three families. The results of the studies confirm the ability of nematode larvae of the species Strongyloides westeri to be bacterial reservoirs. Helminthes is one of the probable ways of getting microorganisms into the body of a receptive host.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles Are Similar to Efinaconazole in Their Capacity to Eradicate Trichophyton rubrum Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi ◽  
Luis R. Martinez ◽  
Níura Madalena Bila ◽  
Joel M. Friedman ◽  
Adam J. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Nitric Oxide Releasing

Filamentous fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, the main causative agents of onychomycosis, have been recognized as biofilm-forming microorganisms. Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles (NO-np) are currently in development for the management of superficial and deep bacterial and fungal infections, with documented activity against biofilms. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the in vitro anti-T. rubrum biofilm potential of NO-np using standard ATCC MYA-4438 and clinical BR1A strains and compare it to commonly used antifungal drugs including fluconazole, terbinafine and efinaconazole. The biofilms formed by the standard strain produced more biomass than those from the clinical strain. NO-np, fluconazole, terbinafine, and efinaconazole inhibited the in vitro growth of planktonic T. rubrum cells. Similarly, NO-np reduced the metabolic activities of clinical strain BR1A preformed biofilms at the highest concentration tested (SMIC50 = 40 mg/mL). Scanning electron and confocal microscopy revealed that NO-np and efinaconazole severely damaged established biofilms for both strains, resulting in collapse of hyphal cell walls and reduced the density, extracellular matrix and thickness of the biofilms. These findings suggest that biofilms should be considered when developing and testing new drugs for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Development of a biofilm phenotype by these fungi may explain the resistance of dermatophytes to some antifungals and why prolonged treatment is usually required for onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis: Botanical Insights Into The Major Causative Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser A. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis or phycomycosis), an aggressive, life-threatening infection is further aggravating the human health-impact of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a great deal of mostly misleading discussion is focused also on the aggravation of the COVID-19 accrued impacts due to the white and yellow fungal diseases. In addition to the knowledge of important risk factors, modes of spread, pathogenesis and host defences, a critical discussion on the botanical insights into the main causative agents of mucormycosis in the current context is very imperative. Given above, in this paper: (i) general background of the mucormycosis and COVID-19 is briefly presented; (ii) overview of fungi is presented, the major beneficial and harmful fungi are highlighted; and also the major ways of fungal infections such as mycosis, mycotoxicosis, and mycetismus are enlightened; (iii) the major causative agents of mucormycosis are critically discussed; (iv) the systematic position, occurrence, structure, and the major modes of reproduction are summarized for Rhizopus sp. and Mucor sp., the major causative agents of mucormycosis; (v) the other causative agents of mucormycosis includes Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Apophysomyces elegans, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Saksenaea, and Rhizomucor pusillus are briefly introduced; (vi) facts related with the infection-misnomers based on fungi colour are also highlighted; and lastly, (vii) the major take-home message and clues for future research on the subject are listed.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Superficial Fungal Infections in Hospital Settings in Togo and Senegal from 2019 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doudou Sow
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Trichophyton Soudanense ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Aspergillus Candidus

Background: Superficial fungal diseases are cosmopolitan affections caused by yeast and filamentous microscopic fungi (dermatophytes and moulds). Their very high prevalence and worldwide distribution make them one of the most common dermatological diseases. Our study aims to describe the profile of superficial fungal diseases diagnosed in Senegal and Togo and to identify the causative agents circulating in both countries. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study carried out in Senegal and Togo, involving 602 and 135 patients respectively. The patients presenting clinical signs were screened in the Parasitology-Mycology laboratories of the Fann University Hospital in Dakar (from February 2019 to February 2020) and Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé (from October 2019 to March 2020). Samples collected were examined using routine mycological techniques (Direct examination and culture). Results: In Senegal 293 (48.67%) out of 602 patients enrolled were diagnosed with superficial fungal diseases. Patients under 10 old years and female, most affected, represented 23.42% and 61.39% of cases respectively. The patients were seen mostly in September with 27 positives cases out of 42. Trichophyton soudanense and Candida albicans complex were the most common species, with a prevalence rate of 30.37% and 26.96% respectively. In Togo, 67.41% (91) of the 135 patients presented superficial mycosis. The female (58.76%) and the patients aged 31-40 year old (21.65%) were the most affected. Highest prevalence is recorded in October with 11 positive cases out of 13. Malassezia furfur was the most common species with a prevalence of 28.57%. The same species of fungi were found in both countries with the exception of three fungi Trichophyton violaceum, Aspergillus candidus (respectively 3 cases and 1 case in Senegal) and Trichophyton tonsurans (3 cases in Togo). Conclusion: Superficial mycoses are a frequent reason for consultation in Senegal and Togo. Dermatophytes and yeasts of the genus Candida and Malassezia are the most common agents involved. The use of innovative diagnostic techniques could allow a more precise identification of species for a better therapeutic management.

scholarly journals Complex impact of polarized and non-polarized low intense light and methylene blue on growth rate of some opportunistic microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
V. V. Pantyo ◽  
G. M. Koval ◽  
E. M. Danko ◽  
V. I. Pantyo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Light Filter ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Complex Effect ◽  
Petri Dishes

Resistance to antibiotics is considered as a global and unsolved problem in the branch of medicine. That is why the use of novel non-drug methods of treatment of bacterial and fungal infections is of great relevance. One of such methods is photodynamic treatment, which is a treatment procedure that uses light energy to activate a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen. Due to the broad spectrum of action, the efficacy against antibiotic resistant cells and the lack of selection of photoresistant strains, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy compares favourably with traditional drug therapy, and has emerged in the clinical field as a potential alternative to antibiotics to treat microbial infections. In this article results of studies of the complex effect of methylene blue (0.1% aqueous solution) and LED radiation of the red-infrared spectrum as well as methylene blue and polarized incoherent low-energy radiation (PILER) with a red light filter on the growth rate of some opportunistic microorganisms on solid nutrient media are presented. Standardized suspensions of microorganisms were prepared for research with the subsequent determination of direct impact of polarized and non-polarized radiation (at duration of exposure of 5 min), photosensitizer, and also the set of these factors on growth of the studied microorganisms. The growth intensity of bacteria and yeast-like fungi was determined by the number of their colonies after reseeding on nutrient media in Petri dishes. The obtained data were compared with control groups, which were not influenced by any factors. The results indicate a significant antimicrobial effect of the combined action of different types of radiation and methylene blue on microorganisms, which was manifested in a reduction in the number of colonies by on average 35–45%, compared with the control groups. Comparing the effect of exposure when using LED and PILER light, we have noted its similarity. It is also worth noting a certain antimicrobial activity of 0.1% methylene blue solution on the studied strains, but this was much less pronounced than in the complex effect. The direct effect of both LED and PILER radiation with low duration of exposure caused the stimulation of the growth of the studied microorganisms with an increase in the number of their colonies on Petri dishes by 15–35%. Given the rapid growth of resistance to antimicrobial agents, the described technique can be used as an alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy for the treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes.

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