scholarly journals Unemployment in Ukraine: an Analysis of the Dynamics, Gender, Age Structure and Causes of Unemployment

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
S. CHERVONA
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Research Period

The article examines the dynamics of the number of registered unemployed and unemployed in the definition of the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as the levels of these indicators. It is determined that compared to 2010, the largest increase in the number of registered unemployed could be observed in 2011. The most significant decrease in the studied indicator during the entire research period, both compared to 2010 and the previous year, was in 2017. In 2018–2019, the number of registered unemployed continued to decline. The increase in the registered unemployment rate compared to 2010 was in 2011, 2013–2016, and a significant increase in the level of the studied indicator was recorded in 2015. The decrease in the studied indicator was recorded in 2012 compared to 2011, as well as in the last four years of the research period. The unemployment rates by the ILO methodology are most informative figures on the unemployment in Ukraine. The number of unemployed in 2010–2019 did not have a clear trend and depended on the socio-economic situation in Ukraine: compared to previous periods, the indicator decreased in 2011–2013, and in 2014 increased rapidly, due to the difficult socio-political situation in the country, which had adverse effects for the economic situation; in 2015, the average number of unemployed decreased both compared to the previous year and to 2010. However, in 2016–2017, the studied indicator began to grow gradually, but did not reach the level of 2010, and decreased in 2018 and 2019 both compared to the previous period and to 2010. Analysis of the intensity of the dynamics of the unemployment rate of the population aged 15–70 years by the ILO methodology showed that throughout the ten-year research period this indicator in Ukraine decreased in 2011–2013 and increased in 2014–2018 compared to 2010, and in 2019 it decreased to the level of 2010. The sex-age structure of the unemployed is analyzed, its features are revealed and the generalized age characteristics of the unemployed are determined. In contrast to the registered unemployment, which indicates the predominance of women among the unemployed, a sample survey allows to suggest that Ukraine is characterized by “male” unemployment. Among the unemployed, the largest share was accounted by young people aged 15–34. The highest unemployment rate among young people aged 15 to 24 was due to the fact that without proper education and professional experience, young people were not able to compete on equal terms on the labor market. The average age of the unemployed in Ukraine in 2019 compared to 2010 increased by four years, including almost four years for men and five years for women. Because this indicator cannot be used as a generalization due to the heterogeneity of the population, as evidenced by the indicators of variation, mode and median, which are the structural averages, are the most suitable for the generalization of the characteristics of the unemployed by age. The structure of the unemployed by cause of unemployment was studied, with assessing the structural change. It is established that during the studied period in Ukraine this structure was changed significantly, as evidenced by the root mean square coefficient of structural change.

scholarly journals YOUTH AND ELDERLY CITIZENS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY DURING THE RECESSION OF THE ALTAI REGION ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Trotskovsky ◽  
O. V. Sitnikova ◽  
I. V. Suponina
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Gender Features

The article reveals the features of the adaptive behavior of young people and elderly citizens during the recession of the economy of the Altai Territory. As the information base of the study, the data of state statistics were used, including sample survey results. The specificity of the article lies in an attempt to make a comparative analysis of the economic behavior of citizens included in the “risk group” in the labor market, under the conditions of a slowdown in the economy of a typical agro-industrial region. The characteristic features of the development of the Altai Territory at the recession stage (2013-2016) are revealed. The essence of the changes lies in the formation of a qualitatively different economic situation, due to a noticeable inhibition of the growth of a number of basic indicators of the socio-economic development of the region. The key features of the development of the Altai Territory during the years of recession are noted, consisting in a relatively stable socio-economic situation in general, and the preservation of the basic characteristics of the labor market, in particular. It was found that the economic slowdown affected mainly the indicators of the level of employment and the growth of unemployment; the level of participation in the labor force has not changed. The gender features of the level of participation in the workforce of young people and elderly citizens are revealed. The specifics of employment of young people and elderly citizens during the recession of the economy in the region are disclosed. It is noted that in comparison with Russia, the problem of unemployment in the considered groups of the population is expressed differently: less acute for young people and more acute for elderly citizens.

scholarly journals UNEMPLOYMENT IN CHERNIHIV REGION: REALITY AND PROGNOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Olena Afonina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regional Labor Market ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
The Unemployed

The state of unemployment in Chernihiv region is analyzed in the article. The present day situation and the state of labor market make it necessary to detect the groups of population which are at the risk of unemployment. Both the representatives of economic science and the contemporary Ukrainian scientists-geographers have dedicated their works to the investigation of unemployment and the necessity of the state regulation of the matter. The conducted research revealed the most vulnerable groups in the structure of the unemployed and at the same time pointed out the need for searching and applying the new forms and instruments in the state policy to decrease the level of unemployment. The research of the state of unemployment in the region in 2010-2020 proved the tendency to its decrease. According to the official statistics, the level of unemployment in Chernihiv region in 2019 was 10,2 %. The author of the article thinks that the negative tendency on the regional labor market is the decreasing of the number of the officially registered unemployed that can be most possibly explained, on the one hand, by the implementation of complex measures targeted at reducing pressure on the labor market in Chernihiv region and, on the other hand, by the skeptical attitude of people to the registration at the Employment Center as they don’t believe the state authorities to find a job for them. The labor market in Chernihiv region is characterized by the gender gap – the specific weight of unemployed men is 4,9% higher than the specific weight of unemployed women. The level of unemployment among young people is higher in comparison with older age groups, which characterizes this group of population as the unstable one. However, the level of concentration in the distribution of unemployment among the young people tends to decrease in the last years. There is a stable tendency in the growth of unemployment among young people with higher education. The specific weight of unemployed citizens with higher education in Chernihiv region is 46,0%. The growing number of the unemployed with higher education indicates that in the present day social-economic conditions education doesn’t reduce the risk of unemployment. The level of unemployment in Chernihiv region is influenced by the economic activities of the population. The main spheres of the economic activities with the highest unemployment level are agriculture, forestry, fish-farming, state management and defense, compulsory social insurance, retail and wholesale, repairing of transport means, processing. The level of unemployment in rural area exceeds that one in the urban area. There is a disproportion of unemployment rate in different districts. In the half of the administrative districts the unemployment rate is 4-5%. The worst situation is in Nizhyn and Pryluky districts. The short-term prognosis on the number of the unemployed citizens in Chernihiv region is introduced. The number of the registered unemployed in Chernihiv region is expected to increase on 3 thousand people which makes 28,2%. The prognosis on the unemployment rate in Chernihiv region ensures monitoring of the changes, estimating of the tendencies in the development of the situation on the regional labor market and making more appropriate and timely decisions on the site. Key words: labor market, unemployment, unemployment rate, the number of unemployed population. 

The Fight against Idleness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Heath ◽  
Elisabeth Garratt ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Yaojun Li ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Wide Range

Unemployment has a wide range of adverse consequences over and above the effects of the low income which people out of work receive. In the first decades after the war Britain tended to have a lower unemployment rate than most peer countries but this changed in the 1980s and 1990s, when Britain’s unemployment rate surged during the two recessions—possibly as a result of policies designed to tackle inflation. The young, those with less education, and ethnic minorities have higher risks of unemployment and these risks are cumulative. The evidence suggests that the problems facing young men with only low qualifications became relatively worse in the 1990s and 2000s. This perhaps reflects the dark side of educational expansion, young people with low qualifications being left behind and exposed in the labour market.

Estimated impact of COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Jameel Aljaloudi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to estimate the negative effects of COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy. These effects are expected to coincide with the results of studies carried out by international institutions. For example, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated indicate an increase in the number of unemployed to 5.3 million (the “low” scenario) and 24.7 million (the “high” scenario), from a baseline of 188 million in 2019 (ILO, 2020a). Experts from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) confirmed that the global economic downturn (caused by the coronavirus pandemic) is the largest in the past eight decades, which will lead to an increase in poverty and inequality and harm economic growth in the long term. (News 18, 2020). To measure the impact of COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy, the following indicators were adopted: an economic growth, an unemployment rate, a foreign trade (imports and exports), public revenues, public spending, a public debt, and a budget deficit. The study relied on data contained in reports issued by international institutions and official institutions in Jordan. The results indicate a slowdown in the rate of economic growth, an increase in the unemployment rate, a decrease in exports and imports, an increase in the public debt and the budget deficit

The Smiles of the Blind

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa EL Sadik ◽  
Rüdiger Heimlich
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
First Time

This concluding chapter focuses on the events that happened since the start of the Tahrir Revolution in January 2011. Egypt now have a new president, a new constitution, new parties, and new coalitions. For the first time in their history, Egyptians were allowed to vote, and—no matter which way they voted—they were dissatisfied with the result. The country is politically divided. The only thing that unites people is their dissatisfaction. Indeed, everything is in short supply—most of all patience. The Egyptians took to the streets for bread, freedom, and social justice. Egypt's economic situation also worsened. The author witnessed the exodus of educated young people and the migration of intellectuals to America. Moreover, the literacy rate is sinking lower and lower as children and young people are neglected.

Policies to Enhance Transition to Work

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-202
Author(s):  
Lorraine Godden ◽  
Christopher DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Temporary Contract ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
School Based ◽  
Part Time

This chapter highlights the continued struggles faced by Canadian youth in their transition from school to work. In July 2016 the unemployment rate for youth (aged 15–24) in Canada stood at 13.3% compared to the general unemployment rate of 6.9%. Many young people under the age of 30 who are employed are working in increasingly precarious conditions (e.g., temporary, contract, part-time, or low paid) or nonpermanent jobs. In this chapter, the authors focus particularly upon recent secondary school-based policy developments in Canada aimed at enhancing the transition from school to work for youth. They specifically focus our analysis on the country’s most populous province, Ontario, and demonstrate how the policy context in Ontario has prompted several initiatives and programs to support youth in transition from school to meaningful work.

Ageing

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lesley K Bowker ◽  
James D Price ◽  
Sarah C Smith
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Population Age Structure

The ageing person 2 Theories of ageing 3 Demographics: life expectancy 4 Demographics: population age structure 6 Demographics: ageing and illness 8 Illness in older people 10 There are many differences between old and young people. In only some cases are these changes due to true ageing, ie due to changes in the characteristic(s) compared with when the person was young....

Study on Labour Force in Romanian Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nica
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Total Labour

This article describes how in the current context, there are many opinions in Romania which lead to the claim that there is no longer a labour force in agriculture, especially the seasonal labour force. In the present article, it is desirable to analyse the dynamics of the agricultural labour force in recent years as well as to determine the current level, but also its productivity. Thus, with the data collected from the national, European and international databases on the total population, indicators such as the active population, the employed population, the share in the total labour force, as well as the unemployed and the unemployment rate were analysed. In order to determine labour productivity, total agricultural production is analysed along with the indicators presented above. At the end of the study, the author also analyses the earnings of the population working in agriculture, trying to determine how this indicator influences the workforce in this sector of the national economy.

Heterogeneity among Young People Neither in Employment Nor in Education in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 688 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamille Sales Dias ◽  
Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Socioeconomic Heterogeneity ◽  
Education In Brazil ◽  
Different Levels

We examined the diverse composition of young people aged 15–29 in Brazil who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET). The analysis shows the Brazilian NEET population’s main characteristics by analyzing data from the 2014 National Household Sample Survey. The findings confirm significant socioeconomic heterogeneity in group composition, which allows identification of subgroups with different levels of social vulnerability. A considerable proportion of these young people are in this status due to structural issues and social inequality, and for another significant portion of cases, NEET status is not a problem in itself. Therefore, especially in Latin America where demographic transitions have resulted in large economically active populations, investigations of youth inactivity and risk of social exclusion among this group are warranted.

About sad legacies: a study of the intergenerational occupational legacy in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magno Rogério Gomes ◽  
Marina Silva da Cunha ◽  
Solange de Cássia Inforzato de Souza ◽  
Paulo Jorge Reis Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Person Following ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Wage Equations

PurposeThis article aims to analyze the workers' probabilities of following their parents’ occupational legacy and whether these individuals are paid differently compared to those who opted for occupations different from their parents, in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachTo that end, the occupational legacy probability equation was estimated as the quantile wage equations with sample selection bias correction and the wage decomposition for Brazil from the microdata of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of 2014. It was found that families have a strong influence on the process of choosing the careers of their children. The average probability of a young person following the occupational legacy of their parents was 41.63%. This percentage is different when analyzing different groups of individuals, such as being male or female, being in a traditional or single parent family, being in an income household lower or higher per capita.FindingsThe results also confirm the hypothesis that workers who tend to follow the occupational legacy have lower wages than individuals who choose other occupations and that this may cause a “poverty trap” since the lower the salary quantile, the stronger the “trap” as economically disadvantaged young people tend to follow in their parents' footsteps and to contribute to family income they face a tradeoff, opt between work or study, which ends up disrupting their education and forcing young people to entering the job market early, performing secondary occupations with lower income and arduous work, generating a “vicious cycle of poverty”.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the database, we are comprised to its most recent version.Practical implicationsThis is the first work on Latin American problem of occupational legacy.Originality/valueThis is the first work on Latin American problem of occupational legacy.

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