scholarly journals Serum Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) Changes In Horses After An Acute Exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Heat shock proteins (HSP) play critical roles in the body’s self-defense under a variety of stresses. In particular, HSP70 is a key regulator of normal physiological processes including physical exercise. Exercise is associated with transient increases of HSP expression in rodents, humans and horses, but so far little is presently known about the effects of acute high-intensity exercise or training on the release of HSP70 in the blood of horses. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acute exercise as racehorse intensive training and gallop race on serum HSP70 levels. The research was carried out on 12 trained horses performing regularly training and gallop race. Serum HSP70 levels were analyzed by ELISA assay before and immediately after the end of both training and gallop race sessions. Results showed significant increased levels of serum HSP70, both after the end of the whole training session and gallop race, compared to basal values. A physiological stress associated with acute physical exercise seems to activate HSP70 pathway also in horses, suggesting the presence of an adaptation process to a stress of a novel homeostatic condition. Further investigations, at different times after the end of the exercise, could be useful to understand if HSP70 may be considered a new approach to monitoring exercise training and adaptive mechanisms in horses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE AND MOTOR BEHAVIOR IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Meiriélly Furmann ◽  
Denise Barth Rebesco ◽  
Leandro Smouter ◽  
Andressa Panegalli Hosni ◽  
Ivo Ilvan Kerppers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging causes alterations in various executive and cognitive functions, mainly related to the incidence of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies mention physical exercise as a preventive resource for depressive symptoms. Objective: To investigate the cognitive and behavioral alterations related to AD that are capable of slowing disease progression and its complications. Methods: The sample consisted of 10 male Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups (n = 5), swimming and Alzheimer + swimming, with a 6-day intervention protocol. The elevated plus maze test was used to assess anxiety, the Morris water maze for spatial memory, the isolation box for aversive memory, and the open field test to assay motor behavior. Results: There was improvement in spatial memory in the Swimming group (169 ± 142.9 x 24.2 ± 31.3), but motor behavior deteriorated after exercise. An increase in anxious behavior (8 ± 13.03 x 67.8 ± 48.1) was observed in the animals with AD. This is a relevant characteristic of the disease, which did not improve after acute exercise. By analyzing the size effect, it was possible to observe a difference in the Alzheimer + swimming group in terms of reduced anxiety and improved motor behavior after exercise. Despite the benefits of physical exercise for AD symptoms, there is still no consensus on the type of physical exercise and length of intervention necessary to achieve a positive response as a treatment method, since studies are yet to confirm this fact in an acute or chronic manner. Conclusion: Acute physical exercise was not fully effective as a means of treating behavioral alterations related to AD, but had a mean effect on the size effect analysis of motor behavior and anxiety, specifically. Level of evidence IV; Investigation of treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Acute physical exercise improves memory consolidation in humans via BDNF and endocannabinoid signaling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria Grazia Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
High Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRegular physical exercise enhances memory functions and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, an effect partially mediated by BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor). Acute exercise promotes the release of endocannabinoids (especially anandamide, AEA), which enhance BDNF release and improve hippocampal plasticity in rodents. How acute exercise affects BDNF and AEA levels and influences memory performance in humans remains to date unknown. Here we combined blood biomarkers, behavioral and fMRI measurements to assess the impact of acute physical exercise on associative memory and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. For each participant, memory was tested after three conditions: rest, moderate or high exercise intensity. A long-term memory retest took place 3 months later. At both test and retest, memory performance increased after moderate but not high intensity exercise or rest. We also show that memory benefited from exercise-related increases in both AEA and BNDF levels: AEA boosted hippocampal activity during memory recall, while BDNF enhanced hippocampal memory representations and long-term performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers, Muscle Damage, and Sports Performance during Acute Physical Exercise in Sedentary Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kelly Aparecida Dias ◽  
Aline Rosignoli da Conceição ◽  
Lívya Alves Oliveira ◽  
Stephanie Michelin Santana Pereira ◽  
Stefany da Silva Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Exhaustive and acute unusual physical exercise leads to muscle damage. Curcumin has been widely studied due to the variety of its biological activities, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it has shown positive effects on physical exercise practitioners. However, there is no literature consensus on the beneficial effects of curcumin in acute physical activities performed by sedentary individuals. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from clinical trials on the main effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers, sports performance, and muscle damage during acute physical exercises in these individuals. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and only original studies were analyzed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were limited to supplementation of curcumin during acute exercise. A total of 5 studies were selected. Methodological quality assessments were examined using the SYRCLE’s risk-of-bias tool. Most studies have shown positive effects of curcumin supplementation in sedentary individuals undergoing acute physical exercise. Overall, participants supplemented with curcumin showed less muscle damage, reduced inflammation, and better muscle performance. The studies showed heterogeneous data and exhibited methodological limitations; therefore, further research is necessary to ensure curcumin supplementation benefits during acute and high-intensity physical exercises. Additionally, mechanistic and highly controlled studies are required to improve the quality of the evidence and to elucidate other possible mechanisms. This study is registered with Prospero number CRD42021262718.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Alterations of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Ban ◽  
Tae-Su Han ◽  
Keun Hur ◽  
Hyun-Soo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are associated with various physiological processes (protein refolding and degradation) involved in the responses to cellular stress, such as cytotoxic agents, high temperature, and hypoxia. HSPs are overexpressed in cancer cells and play roles in their apoptosis, invasion, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The regulation or translational modification of HSPs is recognized as a therapeutic target for the development of anticancer drugs. Among the regulatory processes associated with HSP expression, the epigenetic machinery (miRNAs, histone modification, and DNA methylation) has key functions in cancer. Moreover, various epigenetic modifiers of HSP expression have also been reported as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers of cancer. Thus, in this review, we describe the epigenetic alterations of HSP expression in cancer cells and suggest that HSPs be clinically applied as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in cancer therapy via controlled epigenetic modifiers.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies to Heat Shock Protein 60 Alter the Pathogenesis of Histoplasma capsulatum

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan J. Guimarães ◽  
Susana Frases ◽  
Francisco J. Gomez ◽  
Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira ◽  
Joshua D. Nosanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 60 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Shock Proteins

ABSTRACT Heat shock proteins with molecular masses of ∼60 kDa (Hsp60) are widely distributed in nature and are highly conserved immunogenic molecules that can function as molecular chaperones and enhance cellular survival under physiological stress conditions. The fungus Histoplasma capsulatum displays an Hsp60 on its cell surface that is a key target of the cellular immune response during histoplasmosis, and immunization with this protein is protective. However, the role of humoral responses to Hsp60 has not been fully elucidated. We generated immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to H. capsulatum Hsp60. IgG1 and IgG2a MAbs significantly prolonged the survival of mice infected with H. capsulatum. An IgG2b MAb was not protective. The protective MAbs reduced intracellular fungal survival and increased phagolysosomal fusion of macrophages in vitro. Histological examination of infected mice showed that protective MAbs reduced the fungal burden and organ damage. Organs of infected animals treated with protective MAbs had significantly increased levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Hence, IgG1 and IgG2a MAbs to Hsp60 can modify H. capsulatum pathogenesis in part by altering the intracellular fate of the fungus and inducing the production of Th1-associated cytokines.

scholarly journals Heat shock proteins and exercise adaptations. Our knowledge thus far and the road still ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren C. Henstridge ◽  
Mark A. Febbraio ◽  
Mark Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
The Road ◽  
Exercise Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Shock Proteins

By its very nature, exercise exerts a challenge to the body's cellular homeostatic mechanisms. This homeostatic challenge affects not only the contracting skeletal muscle but also a number of other organs and results over time in exercise-induced adaptations. Thus it is no surprise that heat shock proteins (HSPs), a group of ancient and highly conserved cytoprotective proteins critical in the maintenance of protein and cellular homeostasis, have been implicated in exercise/activity-induced adaptations. It has become evident that HSPs such as HSP72 are induced or activated with acute exercise or after chronic exercise training regimens. These observations have given scientists an insight into the protective mechanisms of these proteins and provided an opportunity to exploit their protective role to improve health and physical performance. Although our knowledge in this area of physiology has improved dramatically, many questions still remain unanswered. Further understanding of the role of HSPs in exercise physiology may prove beneficial for therapeutic targeting in diseased patient cohorts, exercise prescription for disease prevention, and training strategies for elite athletes.

Heat Shock Proteins and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc H. E. H. Snoeckx ◽  
Richard N. Cornelussen ◽  
Frans A. Van Nieuwenhoven ◽  
Robert S. Reneman ◽  
Ger J. Van der Vusse
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Shock Proteins

In the eukaryotic cell an intrinsic mechanism is present providing the ability to defend itself against external stressors from various sources. This defense mechanism probably evolved from the presence of a group of chaperones, playing a crucial role in governing proper protein assembly, folding, and transport. Upregulation of the synthesis of a number of these proteins upon environmental stress establishes a unique defense system to maintain cellular protein homeostasis and to ensure survival of the cell. In the cardiovascular system this enhanced protein synthesis leads to a transient but powerful increase in tolerance to such endangering situations as ischemia, hypoxia, oxidative injury, and endotoxemia. These so-called heat shock proteins interfere with several physiological processes within several cell organelles and, for proper functioning, are translocated to different compartments following stress-induced synthesis. In this review we describe the physiological role of heat shock proteins and discuss their protective potential against various stress agents in the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Memory, Peripheral BDNF, and Cortisol in Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hötting ◽  
Nadine Schickert ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Brigitte Röder ◽  
Maren Schmidt-Kassow
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Phase Retention

In animals, physical activity has been shown to induce functional and structural changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve memory, probably by upregulating the release of neurotrophic factors. In humans, results on the effect of acute exercise on memory are inconsistent so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a single bout of physical exercise on memory consolidation and the underlying neuroendocrinological mechanisms in young adults. Participants encoded a list of German-Polish vocabulary before exercising for 30 minutes with either high intensity or low intensity or before a relaxing phase. Retention of the vocabulary was assessed 20 minutes after the intervention as well as 24 hours later. Serum BDNF and salivary cortisol were measured at baseline, after learning, and after the intervention. The high-intensity exercise group showed an increase in BDNF and cortisol after exercising compared to baseline. Exercise after learning did not enhance the absolute number of recalled words. Participants of the high-intensity exercise group, however, forgot less vocabulary than the relaxing group 24 hours after learning. There was no robust relationship between memory scores and the increase in BDNF and cortisol, respectively, suggesting that further parameters have to be taken into account to explain the effects of exercise on memory in humans.

scholarly journals Heat shock proteins in the physiology and pathophysiology of epidermal keratinocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Scieglinska ◽  
Zdzisław Krawczyk ◽  
Damian Robert Sojka ◽  
Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Shock Proteins

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs), a large group of highly evolutionary conserved proteins, are considered to be main elements of the cellular proteoprotection system. HSPs are encoded by genes activated during the exposure of cells to proteotoxic factors, as well as by genes that are expressed constitutively under physiological conditions. HSPs, having properties of molecular chaperones, are involved in controlling/modulation of multiple cellular and physiological processes. In the presented review, we summarize the current knowledge on HSPs in the biology of epidermis, the outer skin layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium. This tissue has a vital barrier function preventing from dehydratation due to passive diffusion of water out of the skin, and protecting from infection and other environmental insults. We focused on HSPB1 (HSP27), HSPA1 (HSP70), HSPA2, and HSPC (HSP90), because only these HSPs have been studied in the context of physiology and pathophysiology of the epidermis. The analysis of literature data shows that HSPB1 plays a role in the regulation of final steps of keratinization; HSPA1 is involved in the cytoprotection, HSPA2 contributes to the early steps of keratinocyte differentiation, while HSPC is essential in the re-epithelialization process. Since HSPs have diverse functions in various types of somatic tissues, in spite of multiple investigations, open questions still remain about detailed roles of a particular HSP isoform in the biology of epidermal keratinocytes.

scholarly journals Bacterial Hsp90 Facilitates the Degradation of Aggregation-Prone Hsp70–Hsp40 Substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fauvet ◽  
Andrija Finka ◽  
Marie-Pierre Castanié-Cornet ◽  
Anne-Marie Cirinesi ◽  
Pierre Genevaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Respiratory Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Control Protein

In eukaryotes, the 90-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90s) are profusely studied chaperones that, together with 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s), control protein homeostasis. In bacteria, however, the function of Hsp90 (HtpG) and its collaboration with Hsp70 (DnaK) remains poorly characterized. To uncover physiological processes that depend on HtpG and DnaK, we performed comparative quantitative proteomic analyses of insoluble and total protein fractions from unstressed wild-type (WT) Escherichia coli and from knockout mutants ΔdnaKdnaJ (ΔKJ), ΔhtpG (ΔG), and ΔdnaKdnaJΔhtpG (ΔKJG). Whereas the ΔG mutant showed no detectable proteomic differences with wild-type, ΔKJ expressed more chaperones, proteases and ribosomes and expressed dramatically less metabolic and respiratory enzymes. Unexpectedly, we found that the triple mutant ΔKJG showed higher levels of metabolic and respiratory enzymes than ΔKJ, suggesting that bacterial Hsp90 mediates the degradation of aggregation-prone Hsp70–Hsp40 substrates. Further in vivo experiments suggest that such Hsp90-mediated degradation possibly occurs through the HslUV protease.

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