scholarly journals Curbing the Spread of COVID-19 Pandemic Caused by SARS-CoV-2: Considering Psychological, SocioLegal and Ethical Implications on Preventive Measures in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
The Government

The emergence of human to human novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China rapidly became a global pandemic and it ultimately lead towards medical, legal and ethical concerns which need to be addressed. As compared to current zoonotic infections, the spread of COVID-19 is exceptional; with higher severity as well as more confirmed mortality. The mode of transmission is primarily through respiratory droplets with incubation times (1 – 14 days) which is quite similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1). Reports show that it has claimed more lives as compared to the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Till now, it is difficult to present a clear conclusive information about the prevention as well as the spread of this viral infection and therefore no clear cut treatment guidelines are available. Hence, it is difficult to project how to live with this viral infection, the Government of many countries including Cameroon have provided some public health measures to help in the reduction of its spread. These measures include amongst others; isolation, quarantine, social distancing, regular washing of hands with soap, use of hand sanitizers, staying and working from home and obligatory wearing of masks in public places. Proper implementation of these measures require relevant and effective communication as well as sensitization projects to be put in place to abreast the community and individuals to comply with the procedures. It is the inherent role of the Government of Cameroon to ensure that adequate supplies of essential needs (masks, clean water, soap, hand sanitizers) are available for the vulnerable and underprivileged members of society during this health crisis. Here, we are going to explore the psychological, socio-economic, and ethico-legal concerns of this pandemic, through its implementation of isolation, quarantine, social distancing, constant washing of hands with soap, use of hand sanitizers, staying and working from home, obligatory wearing of masks in public places and national lockdown. The implication of these measures on the life of the population in a low middle income country like Cameroon has been elucidated.

scholarly journals Human mobility trends during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241468
Author(s):  
Minha Lee ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Qianqian Sun ◽  
Yixuan Pan ◽  
Weiyi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

In March of this year, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, and it continues to threaten public health. This global health crisis imposes limitations on daily movements, which have deteriorated every sector in our society. Understanding public reactions to the virus and the non-pharmaceutical interventions should be of great help to fight COVID-19 in a strategic way. We aim to provide tangible evidence of the human mobility trends by comparing the day-by-day variations across the U.S. from January 2020 to early April 2020. Large-scale public mobility at an aggregated level is observed by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. Our study captures spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as the sociodemographic variations and teleworking trends regarding the pandemic propagation and the non-pharmaceutical mobility interventions. All metrics adapted capture decreased public movements after the national emergency declaration. The population staying home has increased in all states before the stay-at-home mandates implemented and becomes more stable after the order with a smaller range of fluctuation. The public had been taking active responses, voluntarily staying home more, to the in-state confirmed cases while the stay-at-home orders stabilize the variations. As the estimated teleworking rates also continue to incline throughout the study period, the teleworking trend can be another driving factor for the growing stay-at-home population. We confirm that there exists overall mobility heterogeneity between the income or population density groups. The study suggests that public mobility trends are in line with the government message urging to stay home. We anticipate our data-driven analysis offers integrated perspectives and serves as evidence to raise public awareness and, consequently, reinforce the importance of social distancing while assisting policymakers.

K-Means Clustering Machine Learning Concept to Enable Social Distancing in Public Places

2021 ◽  
pp. 420-431
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
User Knowledge ◽  
And Control ◽  
Learning Concept

In endemic and pandemic situations, governments will implement social distancing to control the virus spread and control the affected and death rate of the country until the vaccine is introduced. For social distancing, people may forget in some public places for necessary needs. To avoid this situation, the authors develop the Android mobile application to notify the social distancing alert to people to avoid increased levels of the endemic and pandemic spread. This application works in both online and offline mode in the smart phones. This application helps the people to obey the government rule to overcome the endemic and pandemic situations. This application uses k-means clustering algorithms to cluster the data and form the more safety clusters for social distancing. It uses artificial intelligence to track the living location by the mobile camera without the internet facilities. It helps the user to follow social distancing even with no internet with user knowledge.

scholarly journals Progression of COVID-19 in Indian States - Forecasting Endpoints Using SIR and Logistic Growth Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoomika Malhotra ◽  
Vishesh Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
First Case ◽  
Logistic Growth Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has led to the most widespread public health crisis in recent history. The first case of the disease was detected in India on 31 January 2019, and confirmed cases stand at 74,281 as of 13 May 2020. Mathematical modeling can be utilized to forecast the final numbers as well as the endpoint of the disease in India and its states, as well as assess the impact of social distancing measures. In the present work, the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model and the Logistic Growth model have been implemented to predict the endpoint of COVID-19 in India as well as three states accounting for over 55% of the total cases - Maharashtra, Gujarat and Delhi. The results using the SIR model indicate that the disease will reach an endpoint in India on 12 September, while Maharashtra, Gujarat and Delhi will reach endpoints on 20 August, 30 July and 9 September respectively. Using the Logistic Regression model, the endpoint for India is predicted on 23 July, while that for Maharashtra, Gujarat and Delhi is 5 July, 23 June and 10 August respectively. It is also observed that the case numbers predicted by the SIR model are greater than those for the Logistic Growth model in each case. The results suggest that the lockdown enacted by the Government of India has had only a moderate impact on the spread of COVID-19, and emphasize the need for firm implementation of social distancing guidelines.

scholarly journals Edukasi Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Dalam Pencegahan Covid-19 Pada Relawan Di Wilayah Kerja Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033
Author(s):  
Eva Kartika Hasibuan ◽  
Yunida Turisna Oktavia Simanjuntak ◽  
Lia Rosa Veronika Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Business World ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Home

ABSTRAK Wabah penyakit coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) ini telah menciptakan krisis kesehatan global yang telah memiliki dampak yang mendalam pada cara kita memahami dunia dan kehidupan kita sehari-hari. Langkah-langkah untuk pencegahan juga telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk dapat menyelesaikan kasus luar biasa ini, seperti menyosialisasikan gerakan physical distancing, stay at home, memakai masker saat keluar rumah dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Tujuan pengabdian ini yaitu terciptanya para relawan sebagai perpanjangan tangan untuk memutus rantai copid 19 melalui pos gagah yang telah dibekali materi terkait adaptasi kebiasaan baru dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan. Adapun metode yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu dengan memberikan edukasi penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam pencegahan copid 19 kepada relawan sebagai utusan dari masing-masing kecamatan di wilayah kerja Medan dalam bentuk pelatihan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini yaitu terjalinnya komitmen dalam membangun kesepakatan, bekerja bersama, saling mendukung dan melengkapi antara pemerintah, akademisi, dunia usaha dan komunitas masyarakat dalam memutus mata rantai penularan Covid-19, kemudian melalui pos gagah terbentuknya tim relawan yang akan memperkuat Satgas Covid-19 dalam menegakkan protocol kesehatan melalui edukasi, sosialisasi dan mitigasi. Diharapkan setelah dilakukan pelatihan, peserta (calon relawan) dapat menjadi agen perubahan di lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat dan tempat-tempat publik. Kata Kunci: Protokol Kesehatan, Pos Gagah, Penularan Covid-19  ABSTRACT The 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak has created a global health crisis that has had a profound impact on how we understand the world and our daily lives. Measures for prevention have also been taken by the government to be able to resolve this extraordinary case, such as socializing the physical distancing movement, staying at home, wearing a mask when leaving the house, and implementing health protocols. The aim of this service is the creation of volunteers as an extension of the hand to break the chain of covid 19 through dashing posts that have been provided with materials related to the adaptation of new habits in the application of health protocols. The method used in this service is by providing education on the application of health protocols in the prevention of covid 19 to volunteers as representatives from each sub-district in the Medan working area in the form of training. The result of this service is a commitment to building agreements, working together, supporting and complementing the government, academia, business world, and the community in breaking the chain of Covid-19 transmission, then through a dashing post, a volunteer team is formed to strengthen the Covid-19 Task Force. 19 in enforcing health protocols through education, outreach, and mitigation. It is hoped that after the training, participants (volunteer candidates) can become agents of change in the family, community, and public places. Keywords: Health protocol, Prevention, and Control Posts, Covid-19 Transmission 

Coronavirus: Towards controlling of the pandemic - Indian scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Latika kothari ◽  
Sanskruti Wadatkar ◽  
Roshni Taori ◽  
Pavan Bajaj ◽  
Diksha Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable infection caused by the novel coronavirus resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV). It was recognized to be a health crisis for the general population of international concern on 30th January 2020 and conceded as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. India is taking various measures to fight this invisible enemy by adopting different strategies and policies. To stop the COVID-19 from spreading, the Home Affairs Ministry and the health ministry, of India, has issued the nCoV 19 guidelines on travel. Screening for COVID-19 by asking questions about any symptoms, recent travel history, and exposure. India has been trying to get testing kits available. The government of India has enforced various laws like the social distancing, Janata curfew, strict lockdowns, screening door to door to control the spread of novel coronavirus. In this pandemic, innovative medical treatments are being explored, and a proper vaccine is being hunted to deal with the situation. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the current situation. Thus, this review illustrates and explains the criteria provided by the government of India to the awareness of the public to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals An adaptive social distancing SIR model for COVID-19 disease spreading and forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Gounane ◽  
Yassir Barkouch ◽  
Abdelghafour Atlas ◽  
Mostafa Bendahmane ◽  
Fahd Karami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Sir Epidemic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recently, various mathematical models have been proposed to model COVID-19 outbreak. These models are an effective tool to study the mechanisms of coronavirus spreading and to predict the future course of COVID-19 disease. They are also used to evaluate strategies to control this pandemic. Generally, SIR compartmental models are appropriate for understanding and predicting the dynamics of infectious diseases like COVID-19. The classical SIR model is initially introduced by Kermack and McKendrick (cf. (Anderson, R. M. 1991. “Discussion: the Kermack–McKendrick Epidemic Threshold Theorem.” Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53 (1): 3–32; Kermack, W. O., and A. G. McKendrick. 1927. “A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics.” Proceedings of the Royal Society 115 (772): 700–21)) to describe the evolution of the susceptible, infected and recovered compartment. Focused on the impact of public policies designed to contain this pandemic, we develop a new nonlinear SIR epidemic problem modeling the spreading of coronavirus under the effect of a social distancing induced by the government measures to stop coronavirus spreading. To find the parameters adopted for each country (for e.g. Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Algeria and Morocco) we fit the proposed model with respect to the actual real data. We also evaluate the government measures in each country with respect to the evolution of the pandemic. Our numerical simulations can be used to provide an effective tool for predicting the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of African Swine Fever and Its Risk in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-591
Author(s):  
Deepak Subedi ◽  
Suman Bhandari ◽  
Saurav Pantha ◽  
Uddab Poudel ◽  
Sumit Jyoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild pigs with high mortality. First reported in East Africa in the early 1900s, ASF was largely controlled in domestic pigs in many countries. However, in recent years ASF outbreaks have been reported in several countries in Europe and Asia. The occurrence of ASF in China, the largest pork producer in the world, in 2018 and in India, the country that surrounds and shares open borders with Nepal, has increased the risk of ASF transmission to Nepal. Lately, the pork industry has been growing in Nepal, overcoming traditional religious and cultural biases against it. However, the emergence of viral infections such as ASF could severely affect the industry's growth and sustainability. Because there are no effective vaccines available to prevent ASF, the government should focus on preventing entry of the virus through strict quarantine measures at the borders, controls on illegal trade, and effective management practices, including biosecurity measures.

scholarly journals Perception and Preference for Home-Based Telework in the COVID-19 Era: A Gender-Based Analysis in Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
Minh Hieu Nguyen ◽  
Jimmy Armoogum
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Using Data

The rapid and widespread of COVID-19 has caused severe multifaceted effects on society but differently in women and men, thereby preventing the achievement of gender equality (the 5th sustainable development goal of the United Nations). This study, using data of 355 teleworkers collected in Hanoi (Vietnam) during the first social distancing period, aims at exploring how (dis)similar factors associated with the perception and the preference for more home-based telework (HBT) for male teleworkers versus female peers are. The findings show that 56% of female teleworkers compared to 45% of male counterparts had a positive perception of HBT within the social distancing period and 63% of women desired to telework more in comparison with 39% of men post-COVID-19. Work-related factors were associated with the male perception while family-related factors influenced the female perception. There is a difference in the effects of the same variables (age and children in the household) on the perception and the preference for HBT for females. For women, HBT would be considered a solution post-COVID-19 to solve the burden existing pre-COVID-19 and increasing in COVID-19. Considering gender inequality is necessary for the government and authorities to lessen the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the lives of citizens, especially female ones, in developing countries.

scholarly journals Lifting of Social Distancing Measures: Perspectives From Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang H.D. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT While many nations are struggling to slow the transmission rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Vietnam has seen no new locally acquired cases since April 16. After implementing 22 d of nationwide social distancing, on April 23, the government of Vietnam announced the easing of social distancing measures. This allows the country to restart its socio-economic activities in a gradual, prudent manner. Domestic tourism and exports of agricultural and anti-COVID-19 medical products take priority over the other sectors in this postpandemic economic recovery. Importantly, the country needs to stay vigilant on the fight against the disease to prevent a possibility of another outbreak.

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