scholarly journals Verbal means of strategy expression "aggression" in modern political debates American politicians

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Victoria Linnikova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Passive Aggression ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The article considers verbal means of aggression expression in political debates between the USA presidential election candidates – D. Trump and H. Clinton. The research is based on the scripts of three presidential debates in 2016. The topicality of the research is stipulated by the necessity of further elaboration on the notion of verbal aggression as a linguistic phenomenon in the context of political discourse. In accordance with K. F. Sedov classification 5 types of speech aggression have been singled out and regarded in terms of verbal means used to express them. Quantitative analysis has demonstrated that verbal direct initiative aggression type reinforced by verbal means prevail in both candidates' speech. D. Trump also resorts to other types: verbal direct mediated, verbal direct emotional, verbal direct active and verbal direct passive aggression. Another essential difference between the two candidates' aggression verbalization is that H. Clinton employs 3 types of verbal means to enhance aggression: pronoun, noun and verb, while her opponent makes use of pronoun, noun, verb and adjective. However, the examples expressing aggression by verbal means in presidential debates are quite immense (180 in D. Trump's speech and 11 in H. Clinton's speech), which suggests that verbal means are often used to convey aggression in political discourse.

scholarly journals IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT FORMS OF VERBAL AGGRESSION IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Ольга Дмитриевна Цветкова
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
The Political ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

В статье рассматриваются различные языковые формы проявления скрытой и явной агрессии в политическом дискурсе на материале дебатов кандидатов в президенты США. The article surveys different forms of implicit and explicit aggression in the political discourse on the material of presidential debates in the USA.

A Tale of Two Twitterspheres: Political Microblogging During and After the 2016 Primary and Presidential Debates

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Berman ◽  
Shiri Melumad ◽  
Colman Humphrey ◽  
Robert Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

In this research, the authors study the process by which social media posts are created and shared during live political debates. Using data from over 9.5 million tweets posted during and shortly after four key debates leading up to the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the authors test a series of hypotheses about how tweeting evolves over time during such events. They find that (1) as the debates progressed, the content of the “Twittersphere” became increasingly decoupled from the live event, and (2) the drivers of the success of tweets during the debates differed from the drivers of success observed after the debates. During the debates, users acted akin to narrators, posting shorter tweets that commented on unfolding events, with linguistic emotionality playing a limited role in sharing. However, when the debates were over, users acted more like interpreters, with successful posts being more elaborate and visually and emotionally rich accounts of the event. Evidence for the generalizability of the findings is provided by an analysis of Barack Obama’s last State of the Union Address, where similar dynamics are observed.

SEMIOTICS PECULIARITIES OF INTERNET MEMES IN ENGLISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Myroslava Zabotnova
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to semiotic specificity of Internet memes in the English political discourse. The aim of the work is to figure out the core semiotic peculiarities of Internet memes in semiotic field. The article highlights the role of Internet memes in political discourse classifying them according to their textuality; thus, revealing the value of signs in memes’ formation, and specifying types and peculiarities of signs in Internet memes in political discourse. The research unitizes the units based on the presidential election in the USA 2020. The intention of memes’ creation depends on the verbalization circumstances – in 2020 this factor is determined by the pandemic. So, this selection of Internet me

scholarly journals Engagement in Translation: Interactional Metadiscourse Markers in American Presidential Debates

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Sensitive Area ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Large Corpus

With an audience in mind, politicians draw a political persona whereby their speech is engineered to involve receivers in a promised future. From their vocabulary arsenal, they choose words and structures that maintain a deliberately devised stream of thoughts to urge the electorate to vote. Based on a large corpus, this paper examines a selected number of engaging English expressions including (listener) pronouns, appeals to shared knowledge, directives, questions, and personal asides in order to firstly understand how they function metadiscursively in American presidential debates and, secondly, how they lend themselves to translation into Arabic. The analysis is based on Hyland’s (2005) model of metadiscourse markers and Wieczorek’s (2013) Clusivity in political discourse, with an eye to Nord’s (2007) concept of metacommunication in translation. The findings indicate that omissions and misinterpretations of subtle engagement markers that speak to an audience can disturb the metadiscursive channel as they may shift focus and miscommunicate the messages in terms of the phatic and persuasive functions. In particular, the fact that, unlike English, Arabic is a highly inflectional language, and still lacks research models of metadiscourse markers, places an extra burden on translators between English and Arabic in this sensitive area. Keywords: English, Arabic, translation, metadiscourse, clusivity, political debates.

Fake It “Till You Make It”: Debunking Fake News in a Post-Truth America

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-133
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
American People ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Sources ◽  
The Media ◽  
The U.S

Since the 2016 U.S. presidential election, attacks on the media have been relentless. “Fake news” has become a household term, and repeated attempts to break the trust between reporters and the American people have threatened the validity of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In this article, the authors trace the development of fake news and its impact on contemporary political discourse. They also outline cutting-edge pedagogies designed to assist students in critically evaluating the veracity of various news sources and social media sites.

Rhetorical moves in political discourse: closing statements by presidential candidates in US primary election debates

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Primary Election ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Political Persuasion

Abstract Presidential primary debates in the USA are commonly concluded by brief closing statements, in which the competitors outline the central messages of their election campaigns. These statements constitute a subgenre characterized by a set of recurring rhetorical moves, which are defined as functional units geared towards the respective communicative objective, in this case political persuasion. Located at the interface of rhetorical move analysis and political discourse studies, this paper demonstrates that moves and embedded steps in closing statements fulfill the persuasive function of legitimizing the respective candidate as the most preferable presidential successor. The study is based on the transcripts of 98 closing statements, which were extracted from eight Democratic and eleven Republican primary debates held between August 2015 and April 2016. Typical moves, such as projecting the speaker’s future political agenda or diagnosing the current situation in America, are presented with the help of illustrative examples, frequencies of occurrence, and a sample analysis of a complete closing statement.

Family as a framing resource for political identity construction: Introduction sequences in presidential primary debates

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Presidential Debates ◽  
Family Identity ◽  
Political Identities ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
Family Discourse ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Family Identities

AbstractThis study investigates the construction of political identity in the 2011–2012 US Republican presidential primary debates. Focusing on candidates’ self-introductions, I analyze how candidates use references to family members and roles to frame their political identities or ‘presidential selves’. Family references are shown to (i) frame candidates’ personal identities as family men/women; (ii) interweave the spheres of home and politics and consequently, their private and public selves; (iii) serve as a tool of discursive one-upmanship in self-introduction sequences; and (iv) demonstrate intimate familiarity and expertise on the topic of national security. This study extends research on family discourse and identity by examining the rhetorical function of mentioning family-related identities in explicitly persuasive public discourse, and contributes to sociolinguistic research on political discourse by examining how family identities serve as a resource for framing political identities. (Discourse analysis, framing, family, identity, political discourse, presidential debates, sequentiality)

scholarly journals Verbale Aggression: das Spektrum der Funktionen

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Havryliv
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
German Language ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Although verbal aggression plays an important role in people’s lives, this subject has been tabood for a long time in both public and in scientific terms. However, an interest in this topic has increased in recent years, especially from the perspective of language as a means of violence. Characteristically the study of language as a means of violence is pursued not as primarily linguistic one, but from the perspective of philosophy of language, and the terms verbal aggression and verbal violence are regarded as synonyms. In this article we will draw a line between these two terms and present the results of our surveys and case studies suggesting that verbal aggression is a complex linguistic phenomenon. Departing from our observations we will try to show that both the intention aimed at humiliation of the addressee (when verbal aggression equals to verbal violence), as well as intentions that are not aimed at verbal violence and that we can call efficient may be false, since the need to communicate negative emotions is inherent in people’s communication (emotional function of language), aimed at expressing some negative moments, rather than intending to offend the addressee. These productive functions of verbal aggression, which are emphasized in the field of psychology, have not been sufficiently studied from linguistic perspective. Special attention in the article is given to the relation of verbal and physical aggression. The article is illustrated by the examples from the German language (on the ground of our empirical data, based on oral and written surveys of the residents of Vienna - 700).

scholarly journals Media Linguistic Features of Russian and American Presidential Election Debates

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Alesya D. Gavrish
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Political Linguistics ◽  
Political Media

1. Zheltukhina MR. Modern Media Discourse and Media Culture of Influence. Upper Volga Philological Bulletin. 2016;4:154-159. (In Russ.). 2. Federal Act from 12 June 2002 N 67-FA (edit 23.05.2020) On Fundamental Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in Referendums of Citizens of the Russian Federation. Available at: http:// www.consultant.ru/ document/cons_doc_LAW_37119/41b265c3c2f3f0c3478d9f5e798687c1eb81737c/. Accessed June 21, 2020. (In Russ.). 3. The commission on presidential debates. Available at: https://www.debates. org/debate-history/2016-debates. Accessed July 01, 2020. 4. Wodak R. Language. Discourses. Politics. Volgograd: Peremena; 1997. (In Russ.). 5. Demyankov VZ. The interpretation of a political discourse in mass media. The language of media as a subject of interdisciplinary research. Moscow: MSU; 2003. (In Russ.). 6. Karasik VI. The Language Circle: Personality, Concepts, Discourse. Moscow: Gnosis; 2004. (In Russ.). 7. Chudinov AP. Russia in the metaphorical mirror: a cognitive study of political metaphor (1991–2000). Yekaterinburg: USPU; 2001. (In Russ.). 8. Sheigal EI. Semiotics of a political discourse. Volgograd: Peremena; 2000. (In Russ.). 9. Dobrosklonskaya TG. Media Linguistics: Systematic Approach to Media Language Learning. Modern English Medium Speech. Moscow: Flinta: Science; 2008. (In Russ.). 10. Zheltukhina MR. The influence of media discourse on the addressee. Volgograd: Peremena; 2014. (In Russ.). 11. Cherniavskaya VE. Text in the medial space. Moscow: Librokom; 2013. (In Russ.). 12. Parshina ON. Strategies and tactics of speech behavior of modern political elite in Russia: auto-abstract of dis. ... Dr. philol of sciences. Available at: https://new-disser.ru/_avtoreferats/01002882356.pdf. 2020. (In Russ.). 13. Zheltukhina MR. Political and mass-media discourses: impact - perception - interpretation. Language, consciousness, communication. Мoscow; 2003;23:38-51. (In Russ.). 14. Video recording of 06 March 2018 debates. Available at: https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=-X0xqC3a_Q8&list=WL&index=61&t=0s. Accessed June 20, 2020. 15. Video recording of 28 February 2018 debates. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCWwUCeuX1I&list=WL&index=57&t=0s. Accessed June 20, 2020. 16. Debate 09.10.2016 transcript. Available at: https://www.debates.org/voter-education/debate-transcripts/ october-9-2016-debate-transcript/. Accessed June 20, 2020. 17. Tameryan TY., Zheltukhina MR., Slyshkin GG., Zelenskaya LL., Ryabko OP., Bodony MA. Political Media Communication: Bilingual Strategies in the Pre-Election Campaign Speeches. ONLINE J COMMUN MEDI. 2019;9(4):e201921. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29333/ojcmt/5869. Accessed June 20, 2020. 18. Zheltukhina MR., Zelenskaya LL., Ponomarenko EB. Indicating Success with Material Symbols after the Collapse of the USSR. Visual Anthropology. 2020;33(2):104-115. Available at: https://doi. org/10.1080/ 08949468.2020.1721203. Accessed June 20, 2020. 19. Zhang K., Denisenko VN., Ponomarenko EB., Zheltukhina MR., Denisenko AV., Shiryaeva OV. The Newest Borrowed Words and Methods of their Formation in the Russian- and Chinese-Language Internet Communication Space. ONLINE J COMMUN MEDI. 2019;9(4):e201924. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29333/ ojcmt/5930. Accessed June 20, 2020. 20. Boeva-Omelechko NB., Posternyak KP., Zheltukhina MR., Ponomarenko EB., Talybina EV., Kalliopin AK., et al. Two Images of Russia in the British Political Mass Media Discourse of 1991 – 1993 and 2013 – 2019: Pragmastylistic Aspect. ONLINE J COMMUN MEDI. 2019;9(4):e201926. Available at: https:// doi.org/10.29333/ojcmt/5952. Accessed June 20, 2020. 21. Debate 19.10.2016 transcript. Available at: https://www.debates.org/voter-education/debate-transcripts/ october-19-2016-debate-transcript. Accessed June 20, 2020. 22. Basylev VN. Political discourse in Russia. Political linguistics. 2005;15:5-32. (In Russ.). 23. Zheltukhina MR., Gavrish AD. Emotiogenicity of modern media texts. Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics. 2018;4(32):120-125 (In Russ.). Available at: 10.29025/2079-6021-2018-4(32)-120- 125. Accessed June 20, 2020. (In Russ.). 91 а.д. гавриш 24. Zheltukhina MR., Gavrish AD. Political media wrestling: goal setting and discursive manipulations (on the example of the 2016 United States Presidential election debates). Political linguistics. 2018;5(71):27-31. (In Russ.). 25. Tameryan TY., Zheltukhina MR., Slyshkin GG., Abakumova OB., Volskaya NN., Nikolaeva AV. Metaphor in Political Media Discourse: Mental Political Leader Portrait. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies. 2018;8(4):377-84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.12973/ojcmt/3958. Accessed June 20, 2020. 26. Tameryan TYu., Zheltukhina MR., Slyshkin GG., Shevchenko AV., Katermina VV., Sausheva YeV. New Country’s Political Discourse: Formation of Speech Technologies. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods. 2018;8(8):11-18.

scholarly journals Conflicting Communication Strategies of Election Debates in Spanish and Ukrainian Political Discourse

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Laura Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Political Agitation ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Conflict Interaction

The article analyzes the conflicting communication strategies of the participants of the election debates in Spain in 2019. The peculiarities of communicative interaction of Spanish politicians in the conditions of political agitation on the eve of the parliamentary elections are considered the main strategies of their interaction are singled out. The purpose of the analysis was to identify and characterize the main communication strategies used by Spanish politicians during the 2019 election campaign during a televised debate. The material of the study was a card index of text fragments of speeches by Spanish politicians A. Lastro, C. Alvarez, I. Monteros, G. Rufian, A. Esteban, and others. A total of 350 micro texts were analyzed, which allowed us to identify communicative conflict as the main type of interaction in the pre-election discourse. The article defines that communicative strategy in political discourse is a general direction of interaction of politicians, which directs language means in order to realize the intention – to influence the addressee. In the pre-election discourse of political debates, the main strategies are focusedon conflict interaction, within which strategies of discrediting and manipulation aresingled out. The strategy of discrediting involves reducing the communicative status of the opponent and is represented by tactics of accusation and insults. The main linguistic means of implementing the strategy of discrediting are stylistically reduced vocabulary and grammatical forms of dialogic nature. The strategy of manipulation is implemented through the tactics of interpretation, declaration and intimidation. At the linguistic level, manipulation involves the use of abstract vocabulary, precedent phenomena and expressive and evaluative means.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document