scholarly journals Verbale Aggression: das Spektrum der Funktionen

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Havryliv
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
German Language ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Although verbal aggression plays an important role in people’s lives, this subject has been tabood for a long time in both public and in scientific terms. However, an interest in this topic has increased in recent years, especially from the perspective of language as a means of violence. Characteristically the study of language as a means of violence is pursued not as primarily linguistic one, but from the perspective of philosophy of language, and the terms verbal aggression and verbal violence are regarded as synonyms. In this article we will draw a line between these two terms and present the results of our surveys and case studies suggesting that verbal aggression is a complex linguistic phenomenon. Departing from our observations we will try to show that both the intention aimed at humiliation of the addressee (when verbal aggression equals to verbal violence), as well as intentions that are not aimed at verbal violence and that we can call efficient may be false, since the need to communicate negative emotions is inherent in people’s communication (emotional function of language), aimed at expressing some negative moments, rather than intending to offend the addressee. These productive functions of verbal aggression, which are emphasized in the field of psychology, have not been sufficiently studied from linguistic perspective. Special attention in the article is given to the relation of verbal and physical aggression. The article is illustrated by the examples from the German language (on the ground of our empirical data, based on oral and written surveys of the residents of Vienna - 700).

scholarly journals COMPOUND ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE AND GERMAN-LANGUAGE WRITTEN MASS MEDIA TEXTS: LINGUISTIC AND TRANSLATION ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
S.A. Ivanova ◽  
Yu.V. Abdrashitova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
English Language ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
German Language ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Compounds have been investigated in linguistics for quite a long time now (approximately since the middle of the XX century), and there are numerous papers researching different aspects of this linguistic phenomenon today. This fact alone testifies to the complex and ambiguous nature of compounds. This article dwells upon one particular problem in this spectrum: it investigates compound adjectives in English- and German-language media texts and their translation into Russian. The first part raises basic theoretical problems related to compounds: the choice of terminology, the essence of the concept itself and the criteria used for compounds. The analysis is based on the works by prominent Russian and foreign researches, such as N. V. Arzhantseva, I. V. Arnold, O. Jespersen, E. A. Nida, A. I. Smirnitsky, R. Quirk. The second part systematises functions and stylistic features of compounds based on the previous theoretical research, with nomination, pursuing economy principle and expressing emotions and evaluation among them. It also deals with frequency of realization of the above-mentioned functions in contemporary written media texts. We analysed English- and German-language articles from different online magazines that were translated into Russian by http://inosmi.ru/, described the translations of compound adjectives used, with their stylistic properties. It is noteworthy that no research works on translating compounds with regard to these features has been conducted yet. In this section, we analysed the choice of equivalents, concentrating on the preservation of stylistic and functional properties of the original units, which brought us to conclusions about the problems translators face when working with compounds. It also enabled us to speculate on possible ways of handling these problems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Buss-Perry aggression Questionnaire with item response theory (IRT)

Psihologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Dinic ◽  
Bojan Janicic
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Graded Responses ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire

The aim of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire on Serbian sample, using the IRT model for graded responses. AQ contains four subscales: Physical aggression, Verbal aggression, Hostility and Anger. The sample included 1272 participants, both gender and age ranged from 18 to 68 years, with average age of 31.39 (SD = 12.63) years. Results of IRT analysis suggested that the subscales had greater information in the range of above-average scores, namely in participants with higher level of aggressiveness. The exception was Hostilisty subscale, because it was informative in the wider range of trait. On the other hand, this subscale contains two items which violate assumption of homogenity. Implications for measurement of aggressiveness are discussed.

scholarly journals School Refusal Behavior and Aggression in Spanish Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Gonzálvez ◽  
Miriam Martín ◽  
María Vicent ◽  
Ricardo Sanmartín
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
School Students ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
School Refusal Behavior ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Tangible Reinforcement

In order to reduce school attendance problems and aggressive behavior, it is essential to determine the relationship between both variables. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the mean differences in scores on aggression, based on school refusal behavior, and (2) to analyze the predictive capacity of high scores on aggression, based on school refusal behavior factors. The sample consisted of 1455 Spanish secondary school students, aged 13–17 (M = 14.85; SD = 1.56). The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (I. Avoidance of negative affectivity, II. Escape from aversive social and/or evaluative situations, III. Pursuit of attention from significant others, and IV. Pursuit of tangible reinforcement outside of school) and the Aggression Questionnaire (I. Physical Aggression, II. Verbal Aggression, III. Anger, and IV. Hostility) were used. Results indicated that students having high levels of Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Anger, and Hostility received significantly higher scores on school refusal behavior. In most cases, school refusal behavior was found to be a positive and statistically significant predictor of aggression. Students that base their school refusal on the pursuit of tangible reinforcements outside of school earned higher scores, and other functional conditions underlying school refusal behavior were found to be associated with aggression issues. The role of aggression as a risk factor for school refusal behavior is discussed.

scholarly journals The Romanian language in Habsburg Bukovina from the institutionalized bilingualism perspective

Diacronia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Prisacaru
Keyword(s):  
German Language ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Sovereign Authority ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

From the perspective of the power relationships manifested in a territory under foreign occupation, institutionalized bilingualism involves the differentiation between the languages coming into contact and their hierarchization according to the communicative functions they are to fulfill within the new state organization governed by a sovereign authority. A linguistic phenomenon that proves to be unbalanced as far as the interfering languages are concerned, this type of bilingualism imposed the German language in Habsburg Bukovina as the only language used in the “administrative structures of the country”, officially declared as such in Northern Moldavia in 1784. The fact that the communication functions of the Romanian language were almost exclusively limited to the colloquial register is the result of an intense policy of linguistic “leveling” (Ausgleichspolitik), implemented by the Court of Vienna in all its imperial provinces in order to reduce national specificity by means of imposing the use of the German language. The cohesion and uniformity of all Habsburg territories was only possible through the reformation, according to the Josephine principles, of the institutions responsible with the preservation of the national identity of the subjugated nations. In Bukovina, the juridical-administrative, church and school sectors were targeted, being affected by the Germanization process especially after the North of Moldavia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.

scholarly journals “The naturalized son of Belarus”: The Mystery of Dr. Dittmann

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Igor I. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Political ◽  
German Language ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Long Time ◽  
German Origin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information

The article examines the biography of Valentin Dittmann, a lawyer and politician of Baltic-German origin, who became a counselor of the Diplomatic Mission of the Belarusian People’s Republic (BNR) in Berlin. The German-language brochure “Weissruthenien” was published with Dittmann’s active involvement and was considered as the main source of information about this region in Germany for a long time. In a broader context, through the prism of Dittmann’s life and activities, the transformation of the system of ideas and motivations of former Imperial elites after the 1917 revolution became the subject of research. The desire to preserve and improve their social status during the political instability has significantly expanded the boundaries of imaginary. In particular, the elite representatives previously loyal to the throne could drastically change their views on the very idea of a “strong state”. From now on their position ranged from federalism to cooperation with those who were previously considered as “separatists”. On the example of Dittmann, we can follow the peculiar experience of the “homo impericus”, who strove to combine the elitist consciousness inherited from his ancestors with national democratic political views and local (Belo) russian patriotism.

Metaphor

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga Reimer ◽  
Elisabeth Camp
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Rule Out

Metaphor has traditionally been construed as a linguistic phenomenon: as something produced and understood by speakers of natural language. So understood, metaphors are naturally viewed as linguistic expressions of a particular type, or as linguistic expressions used in a particular type of way. This linguistic conception of metaphor is adopted in this article. In doing so, the article does not intend to rule out the possibility of non-linguistic forms of metaphor. Many theorists think that non-linguistic objects (such as paintings or dance performances) or conceptual structures (like love as a journey or argument as war) should also be treated as metaphors. Indeed, the idea that metaphors are in the first instance conceptual phenomena, and linguistic devices only derivatively, is the dominant view in what is now the dominant area of metaphor research: cognitive science. In construing metaphor as linguistic, the article merely intends to impose appropriate constraints on a discussion whose focus is the understanding and analysis of metaphor within contemporary philosophy of language.

scholarly journals Aggression predicts Cortisol Awakening Response in healthy young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sariñana-González ◽  
Sara Vitoria-Estruch ◽  
Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽  
Luis Moya-Albiol
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Do So

Few studies have examined therelationship between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and aggression inhealthy youth adults. This study analyzes this relationship in 83 women (38 inluteal phase and 45 in follicular phase of menstrual cycle) and 20 men.Salivary-free cortisol measures of the CAR were obtained immediately followingawakening and 30, 45, and 60 minutes afterwards. Additionally, participantscompleted a self-report of aggression. Men presented lower levels of CAR thanwomen in luteal phase. Men were also liable to present more physical aggressionthan women, independently of their menstrual phase. General aggression andspecifically verbal aggression are predictors of CAR in men. In women, verbalaggression predicts CAR during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle;whereas anger and physical aggression do so during the luteal phase. CAR may beused as a valid marker of proneness to aggression – but must be considered differentlydepending on gender and menstrual cycle of women. This study offers relevantinformation on the hormonal bases of aggression and so contributes to theliterature on alleviating problems related to violence.

Bald-faced lies as acts of verbal aggression

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Meibauer
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
The Face

Several philosophy of language scholars have recently argued that the intention to deceive is not part of a well-defined concept of lying. So-called bald-faced lies, i.e., asserting what is false while speaker and hearer both understand that the speaker does not believe what s/he asserts are provided as evidence. In contrast to these proposals, it is pointed out in this article that lying is necessarily connected to an intention to deceive. Consequently, it is argued that so-called bald-faced lies are not proper lies but acts of verbal aggression. Since bald-faced lies attack the face of the addressee and the viability of the Cooperative Principle (Grice 1989a), they are analyzed as insults. Thus, the traditional idea that lying is connected to the intention to deceive is upheld.

Development of the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP)

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Thomas Matlock ◽  
Michael G Aman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity

Abstract In this study, the authors developed the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP). Sixty-one caregivers rated 512 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities on the A-SHARP. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 factors on the Problem Scale: (a) Verbal Aggression, (b) Physical Aggression, (c) Hostile Affect, (d) Covert Aggression, and (e) Bullying. Internal consistency was high, and intercorrelation of subscales suggested logical convergent and divergent validity. Separate scores were also derived for the Provocation Scale, which was developed to reflect motivation for the aggression (reactive vs. proactive). Analyses of demographic variables revealed 1 gender effect, several effects due to age and functional level, and no effect of ethnicity. Normative data are provided for the Problem Scale.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document