scholarly journals Social and pedagogical orientation of the military-political work of military academies in the 20–30s of the twentieth century

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Alla V. Safonova ◽  
Natalia Yu. Eletskikh

The article considers the domestic historical and pedagogical experience of military-political work in higher military-vocational education in the 20-30s. of the XX century: content, forms, methods, means; the historical and pedagogical significance and relevance of ideas for the current stage of the development of military-political work in the Armed Forces of Russia and the reform of higher military education are determined. An analysis of relevant scientific publications and archival sources presented for the first time suggests that the current trend in the development of military-vocational education is correlated with domestic historical and pedagogical experience of the early twentieth century, in the socio-pedagogical interaction of higher military educational institutions with state structures, public organizations for the implementation of military-political work in one of the directions of the state policy of the Soviet state “Cultural links of the city with the village” in the interests of socializing students and strengthening the country’s defense.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Springer

This study is dedicated to the regional history of the East-West conflict on the basis of the relationship between the Germany military and the Belgian armed forces stationed in Germany. The central question it addresses is which factors were largely responsible for the interdependence between actors and institutions of both armies. In addition to analysing the limited time of the peak phase of Belgian military deployment in the Federal Republic 1946–1990, the book concentrates regionally on the military training areas of Vogelsang in the Eifel and the Wahner Heide near Cologne as military contact zones. For this purpose, the author evaluates unpublished archival sources at the local level for the first time.


2021 ◽  

This book is devoted to a symbolic event that defined the life and values of several generations. Half a century ago, Czech communists tried to give a new impetus to their country’s system of government by combining socialist values with a rational market economy and the mechanisms of a developed democracy. This effort failed, and the state was occupied by the military. This book is the result of joint efforts by Russian, Czech, and Romanian historians, archivists, and cultural and literary scholars, who—exploring new documents and materials—have reinterpreted these events and their lessons from a present-day perspective. Objectively, the “Prague Spring” is from a bygone era, but it is still a milestone, and many of the problems encountered during the Prague Spring are still relevant today. The authors hope that they have contributed to the historiography of the now-distant events of 1968 and that their contributions will help in analysing the experiences of the past in order to be prepared for the events of the future. This book is aimed at specialists in the history and culture of Central and Eastern Europe, students of higher educational institutions, and the general reader interested in twentieth-century history.


Author(s):  
J. Chernykh ◽  
O. Chernykh

Analysis of the foreign experience of the organisation and reformation of the armed forces in other countries, with the respective systems of military education being an integral part, reveals the specific national aspect of such activities in each country. In the meantime, there are some general methodological approaches used in military pedagogic practice across different countries of the world to be practicably considered and applied. The article examines the experience of officers’ training for the armed forces of the Republic of Hungary. The article provides information on the existing network of military educational institutions for the officer training of tactical, operational and strategic level of military command. Requirements for admission to military educational institutions for the officer training of different levels of training has been given. The terms of military specialists’ training on tactical, operational and strategic level have been defined. The analysis of the content of officer training for different armed services of the armed forces and different levels of military administration has been conducted. We used the system of the general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research, in particular, the theoretical-methodological analysis of the problem and the relevant scholarly resources, systematization and generalization of the scientific information pertaining to the essence and content of the set objectives, monitoring of the existing system of military specialists training in the Armed Forces of the republic of Hungary, scientific generalisation, the general scientific methods of logical and comparative analysis, systems approach, peer review, analysis and interpretation of the obtained theoretical and empirical data. The general structure of the National University of Public Administration, the Faculty of Military Sciences and the training of officers is shown, as well as the main tasks that are solved by the institutes and training centers that are part of it are identified. An analysis of the concept, structure, goals, content and technologies of officers’ training in the armed forces of the Republic of Hungary shows that the military education system reflects the current stage of development of the armed forces, as well as the national cultural specificity of the country. Education and training of officers is carried out on the basis of national cultural and military tradition. The main direction of officers’ training is their fundamental military and professional training in both the military and civilian fields. The content of the officers’ training is based on two military education levels. Each level of military education ends with a certain level of qualification. It is possible to distinguish the general tendencies of development of the higher Hungarian military school: improvement of the quality of applicants’ selection, individualization of training of cadets and trainees, stabilization of their number at the present level; further informatization of the educational process, introduction of multimedia learning tools. Certainly, the positive elements of the experience of the Hungarian army can be used in the training of officers in the Ukrainian Armed Forces under the conditions of gradual transition to the recruitment on a contract basis.


Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zaikivskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Onistrat

Keywords: defense capability, intellectual property, regulatory support The conceptual issues of the legislation of Ukraine,which determine the state policy in the field of national security and defence, regardingthe settlement of issues related to ensuring the state defence capabilities are considered.The scientific publications on actual questions in this sphere concerningproblems and prospects of increase of defence capability of Ukraine are analysed.The role of intellectual property in all components of Ukraine's defence system hasbeen studied, and it has been noted that unresolved problems in the field of intellectualproperty management pose an increasing threat to Ukraine's national security.The importance of ensuring the protection of intellectual property in the process ofimplementing measures to improve the defence capabilities of the state and the needto improve legislation in this area is defined. Recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for national securityand defence in order to address the problematic issues of intellectual property in thisarea are submitted.State defence capability is the ability of state to defend itself in the event of armedaggression or armed conflict. It consists of material and immaterial elements and is aset of military, economic, social and moral and political potential in the field of defenceand appropriate conditions for its implementation.Resolving the issues of reforming not only the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but firstthe entire state, modernization and rearmament of the Ukrainian army has become avital necessity. Only the solution of this issue will allow to raise the defence capabilityof our state to the proper level for the preservation of independent Ukraine.Ensuring the military security of Ukraine largely depends on equipping the ArmedForces of Ukraine with modern types and models of weapons and military equipment,developed on the basis of intellectual property rights.It is the military-technical sphere where the objects of intellectual property rightsbelonging to the sphere of national security and defence are created, and the state isobliged to ensure their protection. This will increase the competitiveness of the domesticdefence industry and make claims impossible for anyone in the mass productionof weapons and military equipment for their own needs and for exports, which directlyaffects defence capabilities.And this requires proper protection of intellectual property rights both in theprocess of own production of weapons and military equipment, as well as in militarytechnicalcooperation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Brânduşa-Oana Niculescu ◽  
Georgeta Obilişteanu ◽  
Isabela Anda Dragomir

Abstract The new requirements regarding the professionalization of the Romanian armed forces derived from our country’s becoming a NATO and EU member state. The challenges of the 21st century battlefield demand the development not only of certain soldierly skills, but also of the abilities to properly function in a multicultural context. The cadets of the military academies are the future officers that will operate in the international theatres of operations. Being engaged in multinational formations and having to work side by side with foreign military personnel, our cadets need to have a good command of the English language, as well as to acquire and develop the intercultural skills necessary to appropriately function in a multicultural environment. Thus, a shift in the curricula of the Romanian military academies has been made, from an emphasis on the transmission of knowledge content to a focus on relating language to the target culture and developing cadets’ linguistic and intercultural competences. This paper suggests some methods and techniques that have proven efficient when teaching basic military English in the Land Forces Academy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (67) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Alessandra Veríssimo Lima Santos ◽  
Marta Maria Telles

Este artigo pretende trazer à reflexão a importância da abordagem da Inteligência Cultural na formação dos militares das Forças Armadas brasileiras, diante do mundo moderno e em constante evolução, em que os efeitos da globalização expõem cada vez mais as pessoas ao contato e ao relacionamento com culturas distintas, estando essa comunicação sujeita a impactos positivos ou negativos. Assim, para interagir de maneira eficiente com indivíduos de culturas distintas, são requeridos aprendizado e treinamento. Diante dessa conjuntura, a Inteligência Cultural reveste-se de grande importância em todos os escalões envolvidos, uma vez que introduz a ideia de flexibilidade cultural, dentro da perspectiva defendida por Thomas e Inkson (2006), que concebem o desenvolvimento de habilidades que capacitem um indivíduo a lidar com realidades diversas. Como resultado da importância do exercício de tais habilidades, vem crescendo o treinamento de competências multiculturais nas academias militares. Portanto, recorre-se aos estudos sobre o currículo para refletir sobre o que se espera, hoje, da formação dos militares, entendendo a Inteligência Cultural não como uma disciplina a ser incluída nos currículos de formação, mas como um referencial para o desenvolvimento das habilidades interculturais.   This article intends to bring to reflection the importance of the approach of cultural intelligence in the Brazilian Armed Forces military formation due to modern and ever-evolving world where the effects of globalization increasingly expose people to contact and relationships with distinct cultures, and this communication is subject to positive or negative impacts. Thus, in order to interact efficiently with individuals from different cultures, learning and training are required. Given this situation, cultural intelligence is of great importance in all the involved levels, since it introduces the idea of cultural flexibility, within the perspective defended by Thomas and Inkson (2006), that conceive the development of skills which enable an individual to deal with diverse realities. As a result of the importance of the exercise of such abilities, the training of multicultural competences in the military academies has grown. Therefore, curriculum studies are used to reflect on what is expected today from the training of the military, understanding cultural intelligence not as a discipline to be included in training curricula, but as a reference for the development of intercultural skills.   Este artículo pretende traer a la reflexión la importancia del abordaje de la Inteligencia Cultural en la formación de los militares de las Fuerzas Armadas brasileñas, frente al mundo moderno y en constante evolución, donde los efectos de la globalización exponen cada vez más a las personas al contacto y a la relación con culturas distintas, estando esta comunicación sujeta a impactos positivos o negativos. Así, para interactuar de manera eficiente con individuos de culturas distintas, se requiere aprendizaje y entrenamiento. Ante esta coyuntura, la Inteligencia Cultural se reviste de una gran importancia en todos los escalones involucrados, ya que introduce la idea de flexibilidad cultural, dentro de la perspectiva defendida por Thomas e Inkson (2006), que conciben el desarrollo de habilidades que capaciten a un individuo a lidiar con realidades diversas. Como resultado de la importancia del ejercicio de tales habilidades, viene creciendo el entrenamiento de aptitudes multiculturales en los gimnasios militares. Por lo tanto, se recurre a los estudios sobre el currículo para reflexionar sobre lo que se espera, hoy, de la formación de los militares, entendiendo la Inteligencia Cultural no como una disciplina a ser incluida en los currículos de formación, sino como un referencial para el desarrollo de las habilidades interculturales.    


Author(s):  
Rafael Martínez

At the end of the twentieth century (after a long history of coups d’état, a military uprising, a civil war, and a four-decade dictatorship), the Spanish public had serious doubts about the democratic nature of the armed forces. In contrast, in 2015 they were the second-best valued institution in the country. This is not just the result of a reform in the military administration. Both have changed: society and the military. To try to understand this change we will analyse the evolution of Spanish public opinion about the armed forces and national security since the end of the twentieth century and the perception of the Spanish military after undertaking international missions, its main activity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Aydin I. RYSKULBEKOV ◽  
Zufar R. BURNAYEV ◽  
Kharis Sh. VAFIN ◽  
Manasbay KOZHANULY ◽  
Askar K. BORASHEV

In modern conditions, at the stage of professionalization of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to reorient to own forces, to concentrate the intellectual and financial potential on the further development of the domestic system of military education and military science. The aim of this study is to consider the development trends of the training of reserve officers and military personnel in different countries, as well as highlight on the basis of the obtained data the main effective ways to improve the qualifications and improve military-patriotic education of military personnel. As a result, stages of the implementation of ways to improve the military-patriotic education of student youth are proposed, and it also presents what development prospects this brings in terms of improving the Kazakh army, as well as open opportunities for improving the teaching of military training in higher educational institutions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
SAADIA SUMBAL

AbstractThis article discusses a Sufi-inspired reformist movement that was set up in Chakrala (Pakistani Punjab) by Maulana Allahyar during the second half of the twentieth century. Attention is paid to the polemical religious context in which this movement arose, in part linked to the proselytising activities of local Shias and Ahmadis. Allahyar's preaching in the town created sectarian divisions within Chakrala's syncretic religious traditions. His reformist ideas also were articulated through a tablighi jamaat (missionary movement), which penetrated the armed forces of Pakistan during the military rule of Ayub Khan. Against this backdrop, the article also discusses the interface between Islam and the army, as this relationship played out in Indian prisoner-of-war camps holding captured Pakistani soldiers in the wake of the 1971 war, and so points to ways in which the mutual performance of mystical practices by Allahyar's Jamaat created a cohesive moral community.


Author(s):  
Franciel José Ganancini

Resumo: Este artigo aborda uma parte da história política do Brasil, situando o período compreendido entre os governos de Getúlio Vargas, a partir de 1930, e o golpe civil-militar de 1964. O referido período esteve marcado por profundas mudanças econômicas, políticas e culturais, seja no Brasil, seja no restante do mundo. No artigo abordaremos a ascensão de Getúlio Vargas, o seu relacionamento com os militares, bem como o fortalecimento das Forças Armadas e sua atuação na política brasileira do século XX. Palavras-chave: Getúlio Vargas. Forças Armadas. Golpe de 1964. FROM A CIVIL DICTATOR TO MILITARY DICTATORS Abstract: This article discusses some of the political history of Brazil, closing the period between Getulio Vargas’s governments, in 1930, and civil-military coup in 1964. This period was marked by deep economic, political and cultural changes, both in Brazil and in the world. In this article we discuss the rise of Getulio Vargas’s government, his relationship with the military, as well as the strengthening of the armed forces and its role in the twentieth century Brazilian politics. Keywords: Getúlio Vargas. Military Forces. Coup of 1964.


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