scholarly journals Auch bei internen Entscheiden an die gesamte Holzkette denken (Essay)

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Olin Bartlome
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Construction ◽  
Wood Energy ◽  
Wood Consumption ◽  
Networks Integration ◽  
Wood Sector

Think of the entire timber sector even for internal decisions (essay) Every year, the demand for wood from Swiss forests decreases, although wood consumption increases, partly due to the growth of wood construction. At the same time, the wood sector is changing: there are fewer and fewer wood processing companies, while the use of wood energy is increasing. To counteract this development, the Swiss forestry and timber industry must join forces through cooperation, networks, integration of research and development and digitisation. The result of this cooperation should be an increased use of wood as a raw material and construction material and, in particular, an increase in wood harvesting in Swiss forests.

Forest Products Utilization Within a Circular Bioeconomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Richard F. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Wood Construction

Abstract The advent of tall wood structures in North America is heightening a public awareness that forest products, designed for higher and better uses, will lead to enhanced environmental benefits within the Circular Bioeconomy. The application of these newer wood-based processing technologies and their resulting products, in place of completive products such as concrete, steel and other non-wood construction materials, will redefine and expand the advantages that wood has as a construction material. Further, the growing capability to use small logs, and diverse species, as raw material for the newer generation of forest products will magnify the carbon sequestration benefits from the working forest. A recipe of getting more benefits and improved utilization from the working forest is identified and described, while focusing on the means and methods of obtaining these benefits.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

scholarly journals Experimental tests of PVD AlCrN-coated planer knives on planing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under industrial conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nadolny ◽  
Wojciech Kapłonek ◽  
Marzena Sutowska ◽  
Paweł Sutowski ◽  
Piotr Myśliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edge Condition ◽  
Wear Area ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Machining Operations

AbstractRaw pine wood processing and especially its mechanical processing constitute a significant share among technological operations leading to obtaining a finished product. Stable implementation of machining operations, ensuring long-term repeatable processing results depends on many factors, such as quality and invariability of raw material, technical condition of technological equipment, adopted parameters of work, qualifications and experience of operators, as well as preparation and properties of the machining tools used. It seems that the greatest potential in the search for opportunities to increase the efficiency of machining operations has the modification of machining tools used in it. This paper presents the results of research work aimed at determining how the life of cutting tools used in planing operations of wet pine wood is affected by the application of chromium aluminum nitride (AlCrN) coating to planar industrial planing knives in the process of physical vapour deposition. For this purpose operational tests were carried out under production conditions in a medium-sized wood processing company. The study compares the effective working time, rounding radius, the profile along the knife (size of worn edge displacement, wear area of the cutting edge), selected texture parameters of the planar industrial planing knife rake face and visual analyses of cutting edge condition of AlCrN-coated planar knives and unmodified ones. The obtained experimental results showed the possibility of increasing the life of AlCrN-coated knives up to 154% compared to the results obtained with uncoated ones. The proposed modification of the operational features of the knives does not involve any changes in the technological process of planing, does not require any interference with the machining station nor its parameters, therefore enabling rapid and easy implementation into industrial practice.

Studying the Effect of some Factors on the Stress-Strain Behavior of the Rostov Region Limestones in the Course of their Production and Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Kholodnyak ◽  
Sergey A. Stelmakh ◽  
Evgeniy M. Shcherban ◽  
Mukhuma P. Nazhuev
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Crushed Granite ◽  
Strain Stress

The paper considers the current state of the mineral raw material base and the construction material market of the Rostov Region. The effect of various factors on the strain-stress behavior of local limestones has been investigated. The scientific and technical literary sources devoted to the processes of rock failure under various loads have been analyzed. The experimental studies have shown that the tested samples of limestone with a high content of cuboidal grains have characteristics comparable to those of the crushed granite stone. It has been concluded that the use of the Rostov Region limestones in the construction industry is competitive and feasible, provided the proper implementation of the engineering measures proposed in their production.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PECTIN FROM PICEA ABIES GREENERY

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Gennad'yevich Shakhmatov ◽  
Elena Nikolayevna Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Pectin Substances

The present work aimed to determine structural features of polysaccharides derived from the P. abies foliage by extraction with a (NH4)2C2O4 solution. The isolated polysaccharide was studied in detail by the methods of ion exchange chromatography, partial acidic hydrolys and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that this polysaccharide contained polymers of various structures. The major constituents of PAO were low-methoxyl and low-acetylated 1,4-a-D-galacturonan and by minor parts of partly 2-O- and/or 3-O- acetylated rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). The side carbohydrate chains of the branched region of RG-I were represented predominantly by highly branched 1,5-a-L-arabinan and minor portions of 1,4-β-D-galactan. In addition to the dominant pectins, polysaccharide PAO contained binding glycans of the glucomannans class, which indicated a close interaction of these polysaccharides in the cell walls. Thus, the structural features of pectin woody P. abies, extracted with a solution of (NH4)2C2O4, were first determined. It can be concluded that P. abies woody greens, a large tonnage waste from the wood processing industry, can be considered as a potential source of pectin substances. The results of studying the structure of components of woody green P. abies can be the basis for the development and improvement of new technologies for the integrated use of this raw material.

scholarly journals WOOD COMPONENTS AS SOURCES OF PENTO-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHESIS OF USEFUL COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTS AND REAGENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Irina A. Chetvertneva ◽  
Oleg Kh. Karimov ◽  
Galina A. Teptereva ◽  
Natalia S. Tivas ◽  
Eldar M. Movsumzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

scholarly journals Promotion of Circular Economy: Steelwork Dusts as Secondary Raw Material in Conventional Mortars

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Angélica Lozano-Lunar ◽  
Auxi Barbudo ◽  
José María Fernández ◽  
José Ramón Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Secondary Raw Material

Among the actions proposed by the European Union for the implementation of Circular Economy is the use of waste as a secondary raw material (SRM). During the fusion of the scrap, a steel dust is generated, named Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD). The EAFD is composed mainly of potentially leachable heavy metals, so is classified as “hazardous” waste. Around the world, approximately 70% of this waste is deposited in landfills, with a previous treatment through cement-based materials to prevent the metals’ mobility. However, this action is not in accordance with the Circular Economy concept due to the greater use of resources and the loss of deposited metals. The present investigation analyses the use of EAFD as SRM in conventional mortar production for its use as a construction material. Different substitution percentages (25%, 50% and 100%) were used replacing siliceous filler by EAFD. The investigation analysed the behaviour of conventional mortars by tests of workability, compressive strength, water absorption by capillarity and leaching behaviour in granular and monolithic state. The results obtained indicate a slight improvement in mechanical behaviour with the incorporation of EAFD, the reason why its use as SRM in conventional mortars would benefit the construction industry and would encourage the Circular Economy. From an environmental point of view, the mechanisms of Pb fixation should be improved in granular state.

scholarly journals Developments in the Romanian Forestry and its Linkages with other Sectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Vasile ABRUDAN ◽  
Viorel MARINESCU ◽  
Ovidiu IONESCU ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Sergiu Andrei HORODNIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Large Protected Areas ◽  
Management Functions

The evolution of the forestry sector in the last two decades in Romania has been significantly influenced by the post 1989 political and economic changes, forest restitution and the European Union accession process. Based on the analysis of forestry statistics, legislation and institutional changes this paper underlines the main developments in the forestry sector in the last twenty years and the linkages with other sectors that had an impact on its development. The significant change in forest ownership (based on which 45% of the Romanian forest is nowadays in non-state hands), the unprecedented re-organisation of the forest sector through the institutional separation of the regulatory, control and forest management functions, the changes in forest administration (including the establishment of more than 110 private forest districts) and the full privatisation of the wood harvesting and processing sector complemented by foreign investments have shaped the forest sector development in a context in which the forest resource remained almost unchanged. Major developments have been recorded in the establishment and management of large protected areas as National Forest Administration Romsilva is currently administrating 22 national and nature parks. Both positive and negative interactions of forestry with environmental protection, wood processing, agriculture, rural development, road infrastructure and tourism sectors have also impacted the evolution of the forest sector. Development policy options recommended by authors include among others the strengthening of the public authority responsible for forestry, reorganisation of the state forest administration and supporting the access of forest owners to the national and EU funding and compensation schemes for forestry.

scholarly journals Analysis of the socio-economic indicators of the Irkutsk region, Buryatia, and the Far East in 2016-2017: investments and prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 08014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Rudykh ◽  
Olga Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The City ◽  
External Migration

Socio-economic indicators of the Irkutsk region, Buryatia and the Far East, dynamics of their development in 2016-2017, and problems and prospects are considered in this paper. Today, the priority for the regions of Siberia and the Far East, which possess unique natural resources and a vast territory, is the complex task of increasing the living standard of the population and launching a new economic strategy. The Irkutsk region is one of the largest industrial regions of Russia. The city of Irkutsk was formed as an administrative, commercial and cultural-educational center. Currently, it is home to more than 50% of the urban population of the Irkutsk region. Some enterprises of the city have a machine-building profile. The production of food (more than 45% of the total volume), the construction material, and wood processing also play an important role. External migration has a significant impact on the demographic situation in the region. Most of the migration processes with the crossing of the boundaries of the region take place within Russia. According to statistical data, external migration can be divided as the three main flows of foreign citizens entering the territory of the Irkutsk region: the Central Asian direction (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan 44.3%); the East Asian direction (China, Mongolia, DPRK, Japan, and Vietnam 30.8%); and the Western direction (Germany, France, and Poland). It should be also noted that 13.9% of all migrants are migrants from Ukraine, Armenia, Belarus, and Moldova, these are mainly young people of working age. The Baikal region is famous in Russia for its natural landscapes: there are more than 1,500 objects of excursion and cognitive significance (natural, architectural, cultural and historical monuments) in the region. The region has a great industrial potential that is of national importance. Several basic complexes and industries compile a modern industrial structure. There are opportunities for further development of the industrial production in the oil and gas industries, diamond mining industry, the production of composite materials, fibers and mineral fertilizers. On the Far East, priority is given today to the raw material economy and the related infrastructure facilities, including the modernization of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline.

Influence of qualitative and dimensional classification of Pinewood raw material as an efficiency indicator in the production of selected timber assortments

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
MAREK WIERUSZEWSKI ◽  
RADOSŁAW MIRSKI ◽  
JAKUB KAWALERCZYK ◽  
ADRIAN TROCIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Technological Processing

Wood processing plants in Poland are recipients of more than 50% of round wood, which is delivered by the State Forests National Forest Holding. Thus playing a crucial role in the technological processing of raw material for all other wood industry branches. Each group of recipients has individual needs and expectations concerning the quality of the raw material such as, its type and the size of the cross-sections of the assortment used for further production. Therefore, it is economically justified for small production plants to abandon the production of narrow groups of assortments, which usually meets the standards of timber for general purposes. The aim is to make wood processing more flexible and lower the quality of raw material to produce assortments for a specific branches of the wood industry. Wood processing experiments were conducted to produce laths for construction purposes. These materials are one of the most important elements of roof constructions. The research proved empirically that it was possible to produce quality class 1 laths (88% of all laths produced) from WC0 class pinewood used as the input raw material and that the quantitative efficiency exceeded 55%.

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