Forest Products Utilization Within a Circular Bioeconomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Richard F. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Wood Construction

Abstract The advent of tall wood structures in North America is heightening a public awareness that forest products, designed for higher and better uses, will lead to enhanced environmental benefits within the Circular Bioeconomy. The application of these newer wood-based processing technologies and their resulting products, in place of completive products such as concrete, steel and other non-wood construction materials, will redefine and expand the advantages that wood has as a construction material. Further, the growing capability to use small logs, and diverse species, as raw material for the newer generation of forest products will magnify the carbon sequestration benefits from the working forest. A recipe of getting more benefits and improved utilization from the working forest is identified and described, while focusing on the means and methods of obtaining these benefits.

scholarly journals Shortage of Construction Materials A Case Study of Lahore, Islamabad and Peshawar, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Ali , Dr. Sharif Ullah Jan , Shamshad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
System Improvement ◽  
Crude Material

The fundamental focus of this qualitative study is to explore the contributing factors responsible for construction material shortage specifically in major cities of Pakistan's such as Lahore, Peshawar, and Islamabad. Further, the study has concentrated to discover the potential remedies to overcome the barriers resulting in a shortage of construction material availability. Data sampling methods are utilized to apprehend the participant’s opinion. The participant’s opinions were recorded to make them efficiently analyze through inductive thematic investigation. For sound results, the current condition of material shortage, relevant reasons, and deficiency of key items are examined in detail. The research findings proposed that the unavailability of materials is associated with the deficiency of a customary delivery system, fluctuations in demand, complications in the import of materials, significant expense, limited share portion in raw material, constrained suppliers of crude material, political clashes, administrative limitations, and maintenance of realistic prices. The result obtained, the recommended remedies are to extend flexibility and guideline for the manufacturers, the maintenance of realistic prices, and boosts the record control system, improvement in stock control framework, and establishment of a reserve system in the country. This study believes in contributing to the shortage of construction materials: a case study of Lahore, Islamabad, and Peshawar, Pakistan

scholarly journals The Social Acceptance Factors for Insulation Boards Produced With CO2-Derived Foam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne Simons ◽  
Martina Ziefle ◽  
Katrin Arning
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Acceptance Factors

The negative consequence of increased greenhouse gas emissions have incited research to focus on developing sustainable technologies to reduce the use of fossil raw material. Carbon Capture and Utilization is such a technology. It reuses captured CO2 as raw material for the production of salable products. Beyond their technical and economic feasibility, the acceptance of these products is vital for the successful roll-out of the technology. The two-step empirical study—a qualitative preliminary study (n = 8 experts, n = 16 laypeople) and a quantitative survey study (N = 643)—described in the present paper focused on the acceptance of insulation boards produced by means of CCU by its potential Dutch and German consumers. The study aimed to quantify the level of public acceptance of the product, to identify perceived (dis)advantages, and to pinpoint the drivers behind the acceptance. In the survey, respondents evaluated cognitive and affective acceptance factors, as well as the acceptance of the use of plastic in the product. The results showed that the respondents had little knowledge on CCU, but that CCU insulation boards were nevertheless accepted rather than rejected, with the benefit perception being the common predictor for the three acceptance measures. Public communication and policy should address the product’s (environmental) benefits and foster an increase in the public awareness of the technology.

Properties and Characterization of Building Materials from the Laosicheng Ruins in Southern China*

2014 ◽  
Vol 1656 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Ya Xiao ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Haibin Gu ◽  
Weimin Guo ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
City Wall ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTAs one of the most typical ancient cultural relics in southern China's minority regions near Changsha in Hunan province, the magnificent Laosicheng ruins excavated recently have been included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Tentative List. Urgent conservation of excavated Laosicheng ruins brings about the need for a study of the formulation and properties of construction materials used, including earth, stone, mortar, and brick. In the present study, comprehensive analyses were carried out to determine their raw material compositions, mineralogical, and microstructural properties using sheet polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to mortars, which were the most widely used in building the Laosicheng. Results show that mortar used as external render of the city wall is mainly built up from inorganic CaCO3 and MgCO3 based hybrid materials produced by the carbonation of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 with a small amount of sticky rice. In contrast, mortar used to bond stones of the city walls is a traditional mortar that does not contain sticky rice. This study is a part of a huge interdisciplinary project aimed to clarify the role of organics in ancient China’s organic-inorganic hybrid mortar, which can be considered as one of the greatest invention in construction material history. The results provide valuable basic data and restoration strategies that can be used in the conservation of the ruins as well.

Extension of Raw Material Base for Ceramic Building Bricks Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Lupandina ◽  
N.Yu. Kiryushina ◽  
E.V. Porozhnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Ceramic Building

The purpose of the paper is to determine the possibility of using water purification slime as a raw material in the production of ceramic building brick. The spectrophotometric, power dispersing, atomic and absorption methods of research and biotesting were used. The possibility of using the water purifying slime as a pore-forming component is proved by the production of ceramsite brick. The optimum amount of the component of water purification slime to the main raw materials has been established. The small level of heavy metals leaching from the received construction material has been experimentally proved. The article can be of interest to the experts in the field of creating new construction materials using the production wastes and sewage purifying.

scholarly journals Experimental characterization of firebrand ignition of some wood building materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
V.A. Tarakanova ◽  
◽  
D.P. Kasymov ◽  
O.V. Galtseva ◽  
N.V. Chicherina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Wood Construction ◽  
Characteristic Particle

Paper presents investigation on behaviour of wood construction material samples (plywood, oriented strand board, chipboard) in laboratory conditions as a result of a heat flux effect from naturally occurring flaming and glowing firebrands. The data of comparing ignition delay time of pine wood and wood-based construction materials (plywood, oriented strand board, chipboard) depending on the size and quantity of firebrands, initial temperature of samples, as well as the presence of air flow in firebrands falling zone is obtained. Ignition probability and conditions of wood construction materials as a result of the thermal effect of flaming and glowing pine firebrands are also studied. The obtained data allowed one to judge that according to chosen experimental parameters, the ignition time decreased with increasing air flow, as well as with an increase in the size and number of particles. It was experimentally confirmed that particle size plays a significant role in igniting of building structure. If the characteristic particle size is less than a certain characteristic value, which can be defined as the ratio of its volume to the surface area in contact with wood, then ignition mode with an abrupt maximum of temperature near phase boundary is not appear.

scholarly journals Auch bei internen Entscheiden an die gesamte Holzkette denken (Essay)

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Olin Bartlome
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Construction ◽  
Wood Energy ◽  
Wood Consumption ◽  
Networks Integration ◽  
Wood Sector

Think of the entire timber sector even for internal decisions (essay) Every year, the demand for wood from Swiss forests decreases, although wood consumption increases, partly due to the growth of wood construction. At the same time, the wood sector is changing: there are fewer and fewer wood processing companies, while the use of wood energy is increasing. To counteract this development, the Swiss forestry and timber industry must join forces through cooperation, networks, integration of research and development and digitisation. The result of this cooperation should be an increased use of wood as a raw material and construction material and, in particular, an increase in wood harvesting in Swiss forests.

Environmental benefits of magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulp – mill results

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMI HIETANEN ◽  
JUHA TAMPER ◽  
KAJ BACKFOLK
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

The use of a new, technical, high-purity magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching additive was evaluated in full mill-scale trial runs on two target brightness levels. Trial runs were conducted at a Finnish paper mill using Norwegian spruce (Picea abies) as the raw material in a conventional pressurized groundwood process, which includes a high-consistency peroxide bleaching stage. On high brightness grades, the use of sodium-based additives cause high environmental load from the peroxide bleaching stage. One proposed solution to this is to replace all or part of the sodium hydroxide with a weaker alkali, such as magnesium hydroxide. The replacement of traditional bleaching additives was carried out stepwise, ranging from 0% to 100%. Sodium silicate was dosed in proportion to sodium hydroxide, but with a minimum dose of 0.5% by weight on dry pulp. The environmental effluent load from bleaching of both low and high brightness pulps was significantly reduced. We observed a 35% to 48% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC), 37% to 40% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 34% to 60% reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD7) in the bleaching effluent. At the same time, the target brightness was attained with all replacement ratios. No interference from transition metal ions in the process was observed. The paper quality and paper machine runnability remained good during the trial. These benefits, in addition to the possibility of increasing production capacity, encourage the implementation of the magnesium hydroxide-based bleaching concept.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Possibility of Using 1.4462 and 1.4501 Steel as a Construction Material for Apparatus Operating at an Increased Temperature and with Corrosive Factors

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Karol Prałat ◽  
Andżelika Krupińska ◽  
Marek Ochowiak ◽  
Sylwia Włodarczak ◽  
Magdalena Matuszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Steel Heat

The objective of this study was to determine the requirements for steels used as construction materials for chemical apparatus operating at an elevated temperature and to correlate them with the properties of the tested steels. The experimental part examined the influence of the annealing process on the structure and properties of X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462) and X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 (1.4501) steel. Heat treatment was carried out on the tested samples at a temperature of 600 °C and 800 °C. Changes were observed after the indicated time intervals of 250 and 500 h. In order to determine the differences between the initial state and after individual annealing stages, metallographic specimens were performed, the structure was analyzed using an optical microscope and the micro-hardness was measured using the Vickers method. Potentiostatic tests of the samples were carried out to assess the influence of thermal process parameters on the electrochemical properties of the passive layer. An increase in the hardness of the samples was observed with increasing temperature and annealing time, the disappearance of magnetic properties for both samples after annealing at the temperature of 800 °C, as well as a significant deterioration in corrosion resistance in the case of treatment at a higher temperature.

Risks and benefits of vegan and vegetarian diets in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mairead E. Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

In parallel with increased public awareness of the health and environmental benefits of consuming a plant-based diet, the numbers of people who identify as vegan has increased sharply. The question of whether vegetarian and vegan diets are appropriate for children is a longstanding and unresolved controversy. The more restrictive the diet and the younger the child, the greater the risk of nutritional deficiency. Nutrients of potential concern are protein quantity and quality, iron, zinc, selenium, calcium, riboflavin, vitamins A, D, B12 and essential fatty acids. Although intakes and status of some nutrients (e.g. vitamin D and iron) are low in many children, vegan children are particularly susceptible due to inadequate supply and/or excess dietary fibre as well as other components that limit bioavailability. Although position papers from North America state that well-planned vegetarian and vegan diets, supplemented appropriately, are suitable for all life stages, European statements include strong recommendations to parents that vegan diets should not be adopted by children without medical and dietetic supervision. Case histories of malnutrition and serious harm persist, including irreversible neurological damage due to vitamin B12 deficiency among un-supplemented children. The evidence available to evaluate the nutritional appropriateness of vegetarian diets for children is inadequate and dated. Although nutritionally adequate vegetarian diets are more easily achieved, successful provision of a complete vegan diet for a young child requires substantial commitment, expert guidance, planning, resources and supplementation.

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

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