Experimental tests of PVD AlCrN-coated planer knives on planing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under industrial conditions

AbstractRaw pine wood processing and especially its mechanical processing constitute a significant share among technological operations leading to obtaining a finished product. Stable implementation of machining operations, ensuring long-term repeatable processing results depends on many factors, such as quality and invariability of raw material, technical condition of technological equipment, adopted parameters of work, qualifications and experience of operators, as well as preparation and properties of the machining tools used. It seems that the greatest potential in the search for opportunities to increase the efficiency of machining operations has the modification of machining tools used in it. This paper presents the results of research work aimed at determining how the life of cutting tools used in planing operations of wet pine wood is affected by the application of chromium aluminum nitride (AlCrN) coating to planar industrial planing knives in the process of physical vapour deposition. For this purpose operational tests were carried out under production conditions in a medium-sized wood processing company. The study compares the effective working time, rounding radius, the profile along the knife (size of worn edge displacement, wear area of the cutting edge), selected texture parameters of the planar industrial planing knife rake face and visual analyses of cutting edge condition of AlCrN-coated planar knives and unmodified ones. The obtained experimental results showed the possibility of increasing the life of AlCrN-coated knives up to 154% compared to the results obtained with uncoated ones. The proposed modification of the operational features of the knives does not involve any changes in the technological process of planing, does not require any interference with the machining station nor its parameters, therefore enabling rapid and easy implementation into industrial practice.

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Reduction of aldehydes and terpenes within pine wood by microbial activity

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2015-0243 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 895-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bernhard Widhalm ◽

Thomas Ters ◽

Ewald Srebotnik ◽

Cornelia Rieder-Gradinger

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Wood Particles

Abstract Aldehydes and terpenes are the most frequently emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the wood-processing industry. These emissions are classified as injurious to health and hazardous to the environment. To address this problem, the growth conditions have been identified under which bacteria extensively degrade both aldehydes and particularly terpenes in pine wood particles as a raw material for the production of particle boards. In this study, the focus was on pentanal and hexanal (aldehydes) as well as α- and β-pinene (terpenes). Bacterial strains were selected for their ability to metabolize α-pinene as single carbon source in liquid culture medium. α-Pinene degradation was then determined by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas showed the best results (98% degradation after 72 h). Comparably good results were also achieved with the thermophilic strain Bacillus pallidus (90% degradation) at 55°C. Furthermore, an adapted mixed culture of Pseudomonas species was inoculated onto wood particles and incubated at room temperature for 3 days. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) measurements of emitted volatiles and subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated a complete removal (100%) of aldehydes and, even more importantly, α- and β-pinene. Pre-treatment of unsterile pine wood particles with Pseudomonas species may have potential for industrial application.

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Theoretical study of the impact aimed at improving the efficiency of fiber cleaning

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 939 (1) ◽

pp. 012032

Author(s):

F Egamberdiev ◽

K Jumaniyazov ◽

I Abbazov ◽

H Yodgorova ◽

M Rajapova

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Initial Pressure ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cleaning Efficiency ◽

Column System ◽

Cleaning Equipment ◽

Cotton Gins ◽

Guide Device ◽

The Impact

Abstract Since cotton cleaning in Uzbekistan is carried out mainly manually, this paper discusses the methods and technologies established in the process of cleaning cotton and fiber. The process of fiber cleaning is one of the important processes that complete the technological process of cotton processing, given that the quality of fiber largely depends on the efficiency of this process, the research work on the mechanization of the type of collection and improving the efficiency of its cleaning is analyzed. In order to improve the efficiency of cleaning cotton collected on the machine, information is provided on the need to improve the equipment for cleaning fiber used in cotton gins. The research results are based on the need to replace a special structural device that guides the fiber to the correct tooth of the first sawtooth cylinder located on two drum cleaning plants. New fiber-cleaning equipment was installed in the Jizzakh regional JSC “Zarbdor cotton cleaning» and experimental tests were conducted in production conditions. In addition, the process of changing the pressure, density and speeds in the furnace and the effect of their cleaning efficiency has been modeled and theoretically analyzed, when the efficiency of cleaning the cotton fiber flow using a column system allows changing the raw material from 4 mm to 15 mm based on the device. By results of the conducted analysis it was shown that the increase of efficiency of purification depends on the device attached to the saw teeth, factor of the taxation of the distribution coefficient B and p 0 efficiency factor of increasing the initial pressure and coefficient of efficiency savings from the analysis of graphs, which present graphs of the distribution depending on the type of saw teeth. Based on the results of the research, recommendations are given for the widespread introduction of fiber cleaning equipment installed at enterprises of primary cotton processing, with the installation of a special structural guide device.

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The Proposal of a New Tool for Condition Assessment of Medium Voltage Power Cable Lines

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4116

Author(s):

Krzysztof Siodla ◽

Aleksandra Rakowska ◽

Slawomir Noske

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Power Cable ◽

Investment Planning ◽

Medium Voltage ◽

Cable Network ◽

Rate Analysis ◽

Cable Lines ◽

The Individual ◽

Service Data

A medium voltage (MV) cable network is a substantial component of the distribution network. Present management of this grid segment is mainly based on the failure rate analysis, i.e., a rise in the number and kind of faults on the actual line means that its technical condition is getting worse. The efficiency of the power system is low and additional costs of repair works, supply interruption, difficulties in the investment planning and operation and maintenance works are necessary. The aim of the R&D works done in the realised project is to implement the management of the MV cable network based on the estimated condition of the individual cable line, obtained from diagnostic measurements. The diagnostic investigations of the cable lines are the reference. Many years of research work have led to the development of the Health Index based on diagnostic, technical and service data.

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Different Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Panels

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3863

Author(s):

Tiago Alves ◽

João Paulo N. Torres ◽

Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas ◽

Carlos A. F. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Research Work ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Pv System ◽

Partial Shading ◽

System Architectures ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Pv Panel

The effect of partial shading in photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the biggest problems regarding power losses in PV systems. When the irradiance pattern throughout a PV panel is inequal, some cells with the possibility of higher power production will produce less and start to deteriorate. The objective of this research work is to present, test and discuss different techniques to help mitigate partial shading in PV panels, observing and commenting the advantages and disadvantages for different PV technologies under different operating conditions. The motivation is to contribute with research, simulation, and experimental work. Several state-of-the-artsolutions to the problem will be presented: different topologies in the interconnection of the panels; different PV system architectures, and also introducing new solution hypotheses, such as different cell interconnections topologies. Alongside, benefits and limitations will be discussed. To obtain actual results, the simulation work was conducted by creating MATLAB/Simulink models for each different technique tested, all centered around the 1M5P PV cell model. The several techniques tested will also take into account different patterns and sizes of partial shading, different PV panel technologies, different values of source irradiation, and different PV array sizes. The results will be discussed and validated by experimental tests.

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Factors Affecting the Metal Recovery Yield during Induction Melting of Aluminium Swarf

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.781 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 730-732 ◽

pp. 781-786

Author(s):

Hélder Puga ◽

Joaquim Barbosa ◽

Carlos Silva Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Processing Parameters ◽

High Energy ◽

Metal Recovery ◽

Raw Material ◽

Protective Atmosphere ◽

Induction Melting ◽

Recovery Rates ◽

Recovery Yield ◽

High Efficient ◽

Machining Operations

Machining operations of cast parts usually generate considerable amounts of waste in the form of chips (usually 3–5% of the casting weight). Traditionally, swarf is sold to scrapers and remelters, but this option is quite expensive because the selling price is roughly 30% of the acquisition price of the commercial 2nd melt raw material. For most aluminium foundries that incorporate machining operations in their products, reusing aluminium chips as raw material for the melting stocks is perhaps the best option as waste management policy in what concerns to economical and technical aspects. Nevertheless, aluminium swarf is a low density product (0.25 kg/dm3) and is usually covered by a thin film of aluminium oxide and machining fluid. Melting such a product without suitable previous preparation leads to very low metal recovery rates, high energy consumption, gases and smoke generation and very low quality of the final product. During the last years, the authors have developed a high efficient and environmentally friend aluminium swarf recycling technique, using direct incorporation in aluminium melts. The influence of processing parameters, namely melt temperature and holding time, melting atmosphere, swarf briquetting pressure and melting charge composition in the metal recovery yield and dross generation was studied and characterized, and the optimal processing parameters were established. The microstructure of the final product obtained in those conditions was evaluated and is also presented. It is shown that the recycling efficiency depends on the swarf conditioning, the melting technique and the melt treatment methodology. Swarf moisture reduction, induction melting under protective atmosphere and a specially developed degassing technique were found the most important factors influencing the recycling process. By using the developed technique, cast ingots with microstructure and sanity similar to commercially available AlSi12Cu1 2nd melt raw material were successfully obtained with minimal dross formation and metal recovery rates around 90%, without using traditional salts and fluxes.

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A Comparative Study of Tribological Behavior of Steel Sliding Against WC Under Mineral and Biodegradable Oil Lubrication

Volume 3: Design, Materials and Manufacturing, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/imece2012-87182 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anup Darshan ◽

UmaMaheshwera Reddy Paturi ◽

Narala Suresh Kumar Reddy ◽

Srinivasa Prakash Regalla

Keyword(s):

Tribological Properties ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Research Work ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Machining Processes ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Pin On Disc ◽

Steel Disc ◽

Machining Operations

Now a days for machining operations apart from good tribological properties, the lubricant is also expected to be non-hazardous and non-polluting. When considering the ecological and environmental aspects in machining processes, the use of biodegradable oil can be an alternative source of lubricant due to its positive impact to employee health and environmental pollution. In this regard, our research work uses vegetable based cutting fluids developed from canola and sunflower oil, in an attempt to provide an eco-friendly environment. Experiments are carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer with tungsten carbide (WC) pin against AISI 4340 steel disc for different sliding times under different environments, thus simulating the machining environment. The tribological properties, wear and friction of vegetable based oils were comparatively investigated with a commercially available mineral oil. Wear tracks and roughness profiles of test specimens were compared by using optical microscope and profilometer respectively. Results indicated that vegetable based canola oil demonstrated excellent tribological properties compared to that of commercial mineral oil.

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Agglomeration Technologies of Processing Powder Wastes

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.121 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 244 ◽

pp. 121-129

Author(s):

Marian Peciar ◽

Roman Fekete ◽

Peter Peciar

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

Raw Material ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Shear Forces ◽

Material Resources ◽

New Type ◽

Two Phases ◽

High Technologies

This article deals with the presentation of modern applications for processing powdered, primarily hazardous, waste to an agglomeration form appropriate for subsequent processing by classical methods, for example in the construction, automotive and consumer goods industries. The aim of the research work was to set appropriate operating conditions in order to appreciate currently non-processable wastes resulting from the intensive production of often extremely expensive materials. Technologies which enable returning powder waste back into the primary production cycle were developed and experimentally tested, thus saving raw material resources. When necessary for the fixing of fine airborne particles with a problematic compacting curve (hard to compress, repulsive due to the surface charge) extrusion processes using a patented technology enabling controlled modification of shear forces in the extrusion zone were successfully applied. A new type of axial extruder allows the elimination of the liquid phase and as a result prevents the clogging of the extrusion chamber. In the case of need for granulation of sensitive materials (for example pharmaceuticals not allowing the addition of any kind of agglomerating fluid or reacting strongly in the contact of the two phases), a process of compaction between rolls with different profiled surface was successfully applied. The developed high technologies and the resulting products thus represent a major contribution to environmental protection in the context of not only the work but also the communal environment.

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SELECTION OF CONTROLLABLE PARAMETERS OF THE BINARY DATA ARRAY DETECTION ALGORITHM IN THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TECHNICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.26739/2181-9696-2021-3-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Khakimjon Zaynidinov ◽

◽

Odilbek Askaraliyev

Keyword(s):

Management System ◽

Binary Data ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Research Work ◽

Hash Functions ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Identification Algorithm ◽

Solution Algorithms ◽

Selection Of

The article discusses the selection of parameters for the algorithm for determining binary data arrays included in the control system, developed by the authors using independent substitution methods. Based on the analysis of the algorithms of non-cryptographic hash functions, the hash function based on the linear matching method was selected as the basis for independent substitution methods. Simplified schemes of algorithms developed for creating and comparing identifiers using a set of basic hash functions are given. An array of binary data was selected and based on the appropriate values for the size of the divisible blocks and the number of basic hashfunctions used for independent substitutions. The selection of binary data arrays in information systems integrated into the management system was done for the purpose of intellectual processing of incoming data. The properties of the array of data entering integrated systems are studied. The authors conducted experimental tests in the selected direction and presented the results of similarity assessment measurements for various parameters of the identification algorithm. In addition, the article conductedexperiments on the object of study using the selected mathematical model, based on the analytical conclusions. Initiator elements are studied and analyzed using a set of hash functions. An algorithm for comparison of selected identifiers has been developed. A generation algorithm has been developed to demonstrate and test the proposed solution. Algorithms based on analysis and experiments, and methods for selecting binary data arrays using the ash function have been experimentally tested. Based on the results, the indicators are shown. Based on the results obtained, the analytical conclusions and problem solutions of the research work were recognized

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Studies Concerning the Corrosion Behaviour of the Cast Stainless Steel Used for Chemical Industry

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.338 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 371 ◽

pp. 338-342

Author(s):

Gheorghe Simionescu ◽

Mirela Gheorghian

Keyword(s):

Chemical Industry ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Corrosion Behaviour ◽

Research Work ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Hot Environment ◽

Chemical Agents ◽

The Subject ◽

Materials Used ◽

Cast Stainless Steel

The current work deals with experimental tests concerning the behaviour of different materials used in chemical industry when are exposed to diverse corrosions environments. During the research work four different metals have been tested, namely T15NiCr180, T15MoNiCr180, W4027 and W4059. The presented work is trying to classify the tested materials function to different chemical environment, different concentration of the environment, different temperature of the environment, and different expose time. Some of the substances which were considered as corrosion environment are: HNO3, H3PO4, NaCl, NH4Cl, C2H5OH, Petrol, NH4NO3, KNO3, K2CO3, Na2CO3, KMnO4, KOH and Ca (OH)2. The concentration of the corrosion solutions varies between 1% and 96%. Tests have been done at room temperature and hot environment of 100°C. Time is playing an important role on evolution of the corrosion. For this reason the samples have been analyzed after 48, 336, 720 and 2160 hours of exposes to chemical agents. To understand the comportment of the subject metals when are used in industry, samples have been tested for longer period of time, respectively 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. After each selected period of time the metallic samples were analyzed and measured to quantify the effect of the environment on the corrosion speed.

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STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PECTIN FROM PICEA ABIES GREENERY

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020047648 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-71

Author(s):

Evgeniy Gennad'yevich Shakhmatov ◽

Elena Nikolayevna Makarova

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

New Technologies ◽

Chemical Characteristic ◽

Structural Features ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Raw Material ◽

Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Potential Source ◽

Pectin Substances

The present work aimed to determine structural features of polysaccharides derived from the P. abies foliage by extraction with a (NH4)2C2O4 solution. The isolated polysaccharide was studied in detail by the methods of ion exchange chromatography, partial acidic hydrolys and NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that this polysaccharide contained polymers of various structures. The major constituents of PAO were low-methoxyl and low-acetylated 1,4-a-D-galacturonan and by minor parts of partly 2-O- and/or 3-O- acetylated rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). The side carbohydrate chains of the branched region of RG-I were represented predominantly by highly branched 1,5-a-L-arabinan and minor portions of 1,4-β-D-galactan. In addition to the dominant pectins, polysaccharide PAO contained binding glycans of the glucomannans class, which indicated a close interaction of these polysaccharides in the cell walls. Thus, the structural features of pectin woody P. abies, extracted with a solution of (NH4)2C2O4, were first determined. It can be concluded that P. abies woody greens, a large tonnage waste from the wood processing industry, can be considered as a potential source of pectin substances. The results of studying the structure of components of woody green P. abies can be the basis for the development and improvement of new technologies for the integrated use of this raw material.

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