scholarly journals Anorexia nervosa: an increasing problem in children and adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
Family Treatment ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Children And Young Adolescents

Information from eating disorder clinics across five continents suggests that anorexia nervosa is becoming an increasing problem in children and young adolescents. There is some indication that anxiety disorders in childhood may be a major risk factor for the development of anorexia nervosa. Early recognition and family treatment for this disorder are essential to prevent chronic impairment.

scholarly journals Adapting a neuroscience-informed intervention to alter reward mechanisms of anorexia nervosa: a novel direction for future research

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann F. Haynos ◽  
Lisa M. Anderson ◽  
Autumn J. Askew ◽  
Michelle G. Craske ◽  
Carol B. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Restrictive Eating ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Reward Responsivity ◽  
Eating Disorder Behaviors

AbstractAccumulating psychobiological data implicate reward disturbances in the persistence of anorexia nervosa (AN). Evidence suggests that individuals with AN demonstrate decision-making deficits similar to those with mood and anxiety disorders that cause them to under-respond to many conventionally rewarding experiences (e.g., eating, interacting socially). In contrast, unlike individuals with other psychiatric disorders, individuals with AN simultaneously over-respond to rewards associated with eating-disorder behaviors (e.g., restrictive eating, exercising). This pattern of reward processing likely perpetuates eating-disorder symptoms, as the rewards derived from eating-disorder behaviors provide temporary relief from the anhedonia associated with limited responsivity to other rewards. Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to target reward deficits that contribute to anhedonia in mood and anxiety disorders, including problems with reward anticipation, experiencing, and learning. PAT has been found to promote reward responsivity and clinical improvement in mood and anxiety disorders. This manuscript will: (1) present empirical evidence supporting the promise of PAT as an intervention for AN; (2) highlight nuances in the maintaining processes of AN that necessitate adaptations of PAT for this population; and (3) suggest future directions in research on PAT and other reward-based treatments that aim to enhance clinical outcomes for AN.

scholarly journals Widening the reach of family-based interventions for Anorexia Nervosa: autism-adaptations for children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Loomes ◽  
Rachel Bryant-Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Family Based Interventions

Abstract Family-based interventions are widely recommended as a first line treatment for children and young people with Anorexia Nervosa. There is clear evidence that model-adherent delivery of specific eating disorder focused family interventions has the potential to help adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa, who have typically engaged in extreme dietary restriction and lost a significant amount of weight over a relatively short period of time. Nevertheless, there remains a significant number of young people with restrictive eating disorders for whom family-based interventions for Anorexia Nervosa prove less effective, suggesting adaptations may be indicated for some. In this paper we provide a rationale and structure for considering a number of possible adaptations to the delivery of family-based therapy for anorexia nervosa specifically intended to enhance its relevance and potential effectiveness for children and adolescents on the autism spectrum; a subgroup known to represent a significant minority in eating disorder populations who have been identified as having relatively poor outcomes. Plain English summary Past research has shown that certain family-based treatments are effective for many children and adolescents who develop Anorexia Nervosa. At the same time this type of treatment approach in its current form does not work for everyone. Recent research has highlighted the overlap between anorexia and autism and the need for the development of adaptations to existing treatments to better meet the requirements of people on the autism spectrum who develop anorexia. With this in mind we propose a number of autism-related adaptations that could be made to family-based treatments for anorexia. We hope that these might be formally tested in the future to see if these adaptations improve outcomes for this group of individuals.

scholarly journals Associations between television viewing and consumption of commonly advertised foods among New Zealand children and young adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Utter ◽  
Robert Scragg ◽  
David Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Children And Young Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivesTo explore how time spent watching television (TV) is associated with the dietary behaviours of New Zealand children and young adolescents.DesignSecondary data analysis of a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey.SettingIn homes or schools of New Zealand school students.ParticipantsIn total, 3275 children aged 5 to 14 years.ResultsThe odds of being overweight or obese increased with duration of TV viewing for children and adolescents when controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status and physical activity. Children and adolescents who watched the most TV were significantly more likely to be higher consumers of foods most commonly advertised on TV: soft drinks and fruit drinks, some sweets and snacks, and some fast foods. Both children and adolescents watching two or more hours of TV a day were more than twice as likely to drink soft drinks five times a week or more (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively), eat hamburgers at least once a week (both P = 0.02), and eat French fries at least once a week (both P < 0.01).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that longer duration of TV watching (thus, more frequent exposure to advertising) influences the frequency of consumption of soft drinks, some sweets and snacks, and some fast foods among children and young adolescents. Efforts to curtail the amount of time children spend watching TV may result in better dietary habits and weight control for children and adolescents. Future studies examining the impact of advertising on children's diets through interventions and international comparisons of legislation would provide more definitive evidence of the role of advertising in child and adolescent obesity.

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Jacobi ◽  
Kristian Hütter ◽  
Eike Fittig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Sample Case

This chapter provides an updated overview of risk factors for eating disorders, on the basis of the risk factor taxonomy described by (Kraemer et al., 1997). It summarizes risk factors identified in longitudinal studies and markers and retrospective correlates from cross-sectional studies through April 2002 for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, identifies new studies published between May 2002 and June 2015, and integrates them into the earlier review. The updated review confirms that longitudinal evidence on risk factors is strongest for nonspecific eating disorder diagnoses including subclinical forms and weakest for participants with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa. When strict criteria for caseness are applied, the majority of risk factors were not able to predict distinct diagnoses and only very few risk factors were confirmed in more than one sample. Case prediction, specificity, and replication therefore remain the biggest challenges in risk factor research for eating disorders.

Affective and Anxiety Disorders in the Long-Term Follow-up of Anorexia Nervosa

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda B. Toner ◽  
Paul E. Garfinkel ◽  
David M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

This study investigated the incidence and onset of affective and anxiety disorders in women who were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa five to fourteen years earlier. Based on the clinical outcome of anorexia nervosa, patients were classified as asymptomatic, improved or symptomatic. Affective and anxiety disorders were assessed by a structured psychiatric interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule). Results indicated that affective and anxiety disorders developed frequently, regardless of outcome of anorexia nervosa. Major depression and anxiety disorders developed before the eating disorder in one-half and three-quarters of these cases respectively. The symptomatic group had a significantly higher incidence of anxiety disorders prior to the development of their eating disorder compared with the asymptomatic group.

scholarly journals Food Addiction in a Group of Italian Adolescents Diagnosed for Eating Disorder

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Cinelli ◽  
Michela Criscuolo ◽  
Costanza Bifone ◽  
Ilenia Chianello ◽  
Maria Chiara Castiglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
Italian Adolescents

Research in patients with Eating Disorders (EDs) showed high rates of Food Addiction (FA) even in restrictive subtypes. The majority of studies were conducted on adult population. The present work aimed to describe and compared FA in adolescents diagnosed for different EDs and to evaluate its association with patients’ psychopathology. Patients aged 12–18 y were included in the analysis. FA was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The rate of FA was of 49.4% in the whole sample (n = 87, F = 90.8%) and of 53.7% in patients diagnosed with restrictive anorexia nervosa. No difference in FA frequency was detected between EDs. A worse psychopathological picture was found in patients diagnosed with FA. Higher age, higher score to the Eating Attitudes Test–26 and to the Eating Disorder Inventory-3′s Interoceptive Deficits scale have been detected as the major predictors of FA in our sample. FA may be considered a transnosographic construct, not linked to the subtype of ED but to patients’ personal characteristics and, in particular, to age and interoceptive deficits. A worse psychopathology might be considered a risk factor for the presence of FA in EDs.

Parent- and child-reported anxiety disorders differentiating major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622096036
Author(s):  
Alasdair Vance ◽  
Jo Winther
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To date, specific parent- and child-defined anxiety disorders associated with dysthymic disorder (DD; DSM-5 persistent depressive disorder equivalent) with and without major depressive disorder (MDD) have not been investigated in children and adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we compared point prevalence rates of parent- and child-reported anxiety disorders in DD alone ( N = 154), MDD alone ( N = 29), comorbid DD and MDD ( N = 130) and anxiety disorders alone ( N = 126) groups. Results: DD alone and MDD alone did not differ with respect to comorbid anxiety disorders from parent and child reports, while parent-reported panic disorder (PD) was significantly increased in the DD and MDD group compared to the other three groups as was child-reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the MDD alone and anxiety disorders alone groups. In contrast, specific phobia (SpPh) was significantly increased in the anxiety disorders alone group compared to the DD and MDD group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that specific fear-related anxiety disorders, especially parent-reported PD and child-reported PTSD, may aid the early recognition of DD and MDD.

Anorexia Nervosa and Brain Tumor in a 14-Year-Old Girl

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mae S. Sokol ◽  
Chrystie K. Fujimoto ◽  
Tammy K. Jackson ◽  
Phillip J. Silberberg
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasm ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTA 14-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa (AN) was found to have an intracranial neoplasm. Atypical psychological symptoms prompted further evaluation, including electroencephalogram and neuroimaging, which revealed a sellar and suprasellar mass.This patient had an eating disorder and a brain tumor, which appear to be two unrelated conditions. However, it remains unclear how each affected the other. The diagnosis of AN, like all other psychiatric disorders, requires that possible medical etiologies and coexisting medical problems be excluded. AN and other eating disorders are particularly difficult to diagnose in children and adolescents because they often do not present in the manner typical of adults. Perceptual and cognitive disturbances associated with AN are difficult to evaluate because children and adolescents normally change over time as they progress through different stages of development. Therefore, It is particularly important to evaluate for the presence of medical conditions when a diagnosis of an eating disorder is made in a child or adolescent.

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Jacobi ◽  
Eike Fittig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated overview of risk factors for eating disorders on the basis of the risk factor taxonomy described by Kraemer et al. (1997). The chapter summarizes risk factors identified in longitudinal studies and markers and retrospective correlates from cross-sectional studies through April 2002 for the eating disorder syndromes anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Limitations of these earlier studies are indicated. As part of an update of the previous analysis, results of studies identified between May 2002 and November 2008 are integrated into results of our earlier review. The updated review indicates that longitudinal evidence on risk factors is still much stronger for bulimia nervosa and binge related syndromes, whereas our knowledge of risk factors for anorexia nervosa remains limited. While recent studies were able to overcome some of the limitations of the earlier studies, results of our earlier review are mostly confirmed.

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