scholarly journals Body Composition in Infants of Different Ethnicities Living At High Altitudes. A Systematic Review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayneri León Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
High Altitudes

ABSTRACT The objective of this systematic review was: to identify the main results achieved by research evaluating body composition in children of different ethnicities living at high altitudes. A systematic review was carried out using the prism method, searching for information in databases such as PUDMED, SCOPUS, and SCIELO. The elements used for the search were: population, children, adolescents, obesity, overweight, ethnic groups, altitude and characteristics of body composition. Among the main results, it was found that 4345 (78.8%) boys and girls had normal weight, while 15.43 percent were overweight and obese. Concluding that, in indigenous populations with age groups from 0 to 14 years, there was a predominance of normal weight, observing high values of overweight and obesity in preschool ages.

scholarly journals Longitudinal body composition of children born to mothers with normal weight, overweight, and obesity

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Andres ◽  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
Patrick H. Casey ◽  
Mario A. Cleves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity

scholarly journals Editorial - Vol 16: Number 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Macaronesian Islands

The Nutrition and Food Sciences section includes two sequential papers regarding the anthropometric evaluation of pre-school and school age children from the Canarian Islands (Biomed & Biopharm Research, 2019;(16) 2; 154-164 DOI:10.19277/bbr.16.2.207) and from Azores (Biomed & Biopharm Research, 2019;(16) 2; 165-175 DOI:10.19277/bbr.16.2.208). These two cross-sectional studies focus the prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity in those age groups, completing similar information published in the last issue of our journal in reference to the Madeiran Islands. A complete characterization of this condition is now achieved and described for the entire European Macaronesian islands, underlining the originality and interest of these papers.

Body mass index and its relationship with body composition in a population of university students in the state of Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Raquel Muñoz-Hernández ◽  
Saúl Rangel Lara ◽  
Enrique Nava Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
University Students ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The University

This research was carried out with the objective of determining the association between excess weight and body composition in university students. It is an observational cross-sectional study in a public university of the State of Mexico; 64 students between 19 and 25 years old were included through a simple random sampling. Body composition was assessed based on Anthropometry with written acceptance. The results when analyzing the central obesity in the population showed that 57.81% are normal weight, 29.69% are overweight and 7.81% are obese. Also 50% of men between 20-25 years, have values ≥90 cm waist. In the case of women, the prevalence of a value above that recommended ≥80 cm was greater than 55% since the age of 19. This result indicates that most women are at greater risk from an early age. These preliminary results show how the university population reflects the high rates of overweight and obesity in Mexico. It is necessary to establish plans to prevent and reduce the prevalence of obesity and avoid its impact on chronic diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Dietary Replacement of Saturated Fatty Acids with Unsaturated Fat Sources in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget A. Hannon ◽  
Sharon V. Thompson ◽  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Margarita Teran-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Unsaturated Fat

Background: Obesity and dyslipidemia are frequently treated with dietary interventions before pharmacotherapy is given. Diets high in unsaturated fat have proven advantageous to disease treatment. Aims: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the evidence of the effect of saturated fatty acids (SFA) replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in metabolically healthy adults with overweight and obesity on markers of dyslipidemia and body composition. Methods: Keyword search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of fatty acid substitution in adults with overweight and obesity. Meta-analysis was performed on interventions assessing lipoprotein levels and body composition. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot inspection, Begg's, and Egger's test. Results: Eight RCTs enrolling 663 participants were included in the review, with intervention durations between 4 and 28 weeks. Although nonsignificant (p = 0.06), meta-analysis found UFA replacement to reduce total cholesterol concentrations by 10.68 mg/dL (95%CI -21.90 to 0.53). Reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusions: Due to null results and a small number of studies included, there is no strong evidence that replacement of SFA with UFA may benefit lipid profiles in this population.

Assessment of body composition in pediatric overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the reliability and validity of common techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila E. Orsso ◽  
Maria Ines B. Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Gonzalez ◽  
Daniela A. Rubin ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Overweight

scholarly journals Hormones in Breast Milk and Effect on Infants’ Growth: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Daniela Morniroli ◽  
Ludovica Leone ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Milk Hormones

Breast milk is characterized by a dynamic and complex composition which includes hormones and other bioactive components that could influence infant growth, development, and optimize health. Among the several beneficial effects associated with prolonged breastfeeding, a 13% decrease in the risk of overweight and obesity has been reported. Recent research has focused on breast milk hormones contributing to the appetite and energy balance regulation and adiposity. Accordingly, we conducted a literature systematic review with the aim to provide an update on the effect of leptin, ghrelin, Insulin Growth Factor 1, adiponectin, and insulin on infants’ and children’s growth and body composition. The revised literature reveals contrasting findings concerning the potential role of all these hormones on modeling growth and fat mass apposition and health outcomes later in life. Further studies are needed to gain further insight into the specific role of these bioactive components in metabolic pathways related to body composition. This could help gain a further insight on infants’ growth, both in physiological and pathological settings.

scholarly journals Healthcare utilisation in overweight and obese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e035676
Author(s):  
Taimoor Hasan ◽  
Tom S Ainscough ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Lorna Katharine Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aims to systematically analyse the association of overweight and obesity with health service utilisation during childhood.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science.MethodsObservational studies published up to May 2020 that assessed the impact of overweight and obesity on healthcare utilisation in children and adolescents were included. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the included participants were ≤19 years of age. Findings from all included studies were summarised narratively. In addition, rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a meta-analysis on a subgroup of eligible studies.Outcome measuresIncluded studies reported association of weight status with healthcare utilisation measures of outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, general practitioner visits, hospital admissions and hospital length of stay.ResultsThirty-three studies were included in the review. When synthesising the findings from all studies narratively, obesity and overweight were found to be positively associated with increased healthcare utilisation in children for all the outcome measures. Six studies reported sufficient data to meta-analyse association of weight with outpatient visits. Five studies were included in a separate meta-analysis for the outcome measure of ED visits. In comparison with normal-weight children, rates of ED (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.68) and outpatient visits (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.20) were significantly higher in obese children. The rates of ED and outpatient visits by overweight children were only slightly higher and non-significant compared with normal-weight children.ConclusionsObesity in children is associated with increased healthcare utilisation. Future research should assess the impact of ethnicity and obesity-associated health conditions on increased healthcare utilisation in children with overweight and obesity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018091752

scholarly journals Leptin-reactive antibodies are distinctly correlated with body composition parameters and metabolic risk indexes in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vázquez-Solórzano ◽  
Elia Valdés-Miramontes ◽  
Mildren Porchas-Quijada ◽  
Mayra Enciso-Ramírez ◽  
Guadalupe A Contreras-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Neuroendocrine Axis

Abstract Studies have demonstrated the presence of low-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs) directed to leptin, a key hormone of the neuroendocrine axis that regulates appetite and metabolism, in adult healthy subjects, patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present exploratory study, IgG leptin-reactive antibodies were analyzed for the first time in children and adolescents according to body mass index (BMI) and were correlated with biochemical profile (lipid profile, insulin, glucose and leptin) and metabolic risk indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, AIP). One hundred and thirty-six participants were included (children n=63, adolescents n=73). An in-house ELISA test was performed to measure IgG anti-leptin antibodies (free, total and immune complexes). In adolescents, free and total IgG anti-leptin antibodies levels were higher in groups with overweight or obesity than in normal-weight group (p<0.01), while in children, the total fractions were lower in groups with overweight and obesity than in normal-weight (p<0.02). Immune complexes percentage showed opposite correlations with BMI in children (r=0.4004, p=0.0473) and adolescents (r=-0.3983, p=0.0133). IgG anti-leptin antibodies were also correlated with HOMA-IR in children (r=-0.4569, p=0.0217) and adolescents (r=-0.3589, p=0.0316), and with AIP (r=-0.3608, p=0.0261) in adolescents. Our data suggest that the production and affinity of IgG anti-leptin antibodies can be affected by age, body composition and metabolic conditions; additionally, in normal conditions, IgG anti-leptin antibodies may have a protective role in insulin resistance and cardiovascular events.

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