BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF NANOSILVER PARTICLES FROM ROOT EXTRACT OF MORUS ALBA L. AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Abstract Objectives We and others have shown that Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various biological activities. However, there is a lack of information on its cytotoxicity. This has created an information gap about the safety of A. pluriseta extracts. As an extension to our recent publication on the antimicrobial activity and the phytochemical characterization of A. pluriseta root extracts, here we report on cytotoxicity of tested solvent fractions. We evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of these root extract fractions on Vero cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results We show that all solvent extract fractions (except methanolic solvent fractions) had cytotoxic concentration values that killed 50% of the Vero cells (CC50) greater than 20 µg/mL and selectivity index (SI) greater than 1.0. Taken together, we demonstrate that, A. pluriseta extract fractions’ earlier reported bioactivities are within the acceptable cytotoxicity and selective index limits. This finding scientifically validates the potential use of A. pluriseta in the discovery of safe therapeutics agents.

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Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases as a Carrier for Skin Delivery of Morus alba Stem Extract

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.901.67 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 901 ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Chein Yhirayha ◽

Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽

Tasana Pitaksuteepong

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Water Extract ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Lyotropic Liquid Crystal ◽

Mixed Surfactant ◽

Skin Delivery ◽

Stem Extract

Morus alba stem extract possesses several biological activities. However, skin delivery of the extract is limited by the stratum corneum. In this study, lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) was investigated for the potential application in the skin delivery of M. alba stem extract. The four formulations were developed and incorporated with M. alba stem extract at 3% w/w. These formulations were stored at room temperature in light-protected containers for 3 months. The optical pattern under polarized light microscope, viscosity and remaining of the extract were determined. The skin penetration enhancing property of the formulations was investigated using excised porcine ear skin model. The results showed that all formulations remained stable after 3-month storage. The two formulations exhibiting good penetration enhancing properties were F3 consisting of PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate/n-Dodecane/Water/extract (55.29/19.40/22.31/3.00 %w/w) and F4 consisting of mixed Surfactant/n-Dodecane/Water/extract (48.50/4.85/43.65/3.00 %w/w). The mixed surfactant composed of PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate/PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil/Glyceryl oleate (40/33.24/26.76 %w/w). It can be concluded that the lamellar LLC formulations developed in this study can be used as a carrier for delivering of M. alba stem extract. The components of the formulations which play important roles are the oil and the surfactant.

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Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2017-0149 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kavitha Yuvaraj ◽

Arumugam Geetha

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Root Extract ◽

Root Bark ◽

Nf Kappa B ◽

Serum Lipase ◽

Hsp70 Mrna ◽

Caspase 1

Abstract Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult. Methods Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group. Conclusions It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.

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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Slender Amaranth Weed

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582020380100006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. AKBAR ◽

I.N. SHERAZI ◽

M.S. IQBAL ◽

T. KHALIL ◽

H.M. WAQAS

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Root Extract

ABSTRACT: In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity] activities of a weed, slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) were investigated. Extracts of different plant parts were prepared in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was measured by using 100 mg mL-1 concentration extracts against 4 deadly phytopathogenic bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Smith, Erwinia carotovora (Jones), Holland and Xanthomonas axonopodis Hasse. In antioxidants assays, 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 extracts were used keeping DPPH as control. In these bioassays, ethyl acetate fraction of A. viridis leaf exhibited the best antibacterial and antioxidants activity. Ethyl acetate leaf fraction showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) where it caused 21 mm IZD against P. syringae and 19 mm IZD against E. carotovora. This extract also showed 22, 52 and 84% antioxidant activity at 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Previously there is no report available that describes antibacterial activity of root extract of A. viridis against P. syringae. Moreover, antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was investigated first time in the world. It was concluded that the biological activities observed during the present investigation may be due to the presence of bioactive constituents that can be harnessed as natural antibacterials and antioxidants.

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A PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO SKIN PENETRATION OF MORUS ALBA ROOT EXTRACT NANOEMULSION

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i18.34313 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 292-296

Author(s):

MAZAYA FADHILA ◽

ABDUL MUN IM ◽

MAHDI JUFRI

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagram ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Root Extract ◽

Peg 400 ◽

In Vitro Skin Penetration ◽

White Mulberry ◽

Pseudoternary Phase Diagram

Objective: White mulberry (Morus alba) root extract has terpenoid, flavonoid, and stilbene compounds. The stilbenes, oxyresveratrol and resveratrol, have antioxidant and antityrosinase activities. Nanocarriers can help active ingredients to be delivered in a more efficient manner. The advantages of nanoemulsion on products include increased penetration, biocompatibility, and low toxicity due to its non-ionic properties and have the ability to combine the properties of lipophilic and hydrophilic active ingredients. The objective of this study was to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro skin penetration of M. alba root extract nanoemulsion. Methods: The M. alba root extract was prepared by ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction method. Nanoemulsion was optimized and prepared using virgin coconut oil (VCO), Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) by aqueous phase-titration method to construct pseudoternary phase diagram. M. alba root extract nanoemulsion was characterized for droplet size, viscosity, zeta potential, and physical stability tests for 12 weeks. In vitro skin penetration of oxyresveratrol from nanoemulsion was determined by the Franz diffusion cell and was compared by macroemulsion preparation, then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results: Based on pseudoternary phase diagram, nanoemulsion of white mulberry root extract contained of 2% VCO and 18% mixture of surfactant Tween 80 and PEG 400 (1:1) was chosen. Nanoemulsion has average globule size of 81.61 nm, with polydispersity index 0.22, and potential zeta −1.56 mV. The cumulative penetration of oxyresveratrol from nanoemulsion was 55.86 μg/cm2 with flux of 6.53 μg/cm2/h, while regular emulsion was 32.45 μg/cm2 with flux of 3.5501 μg/cm2/h. Conclusion: Nanoemulsion of white mulberry root extract was penetrated deeper than regular emulsion.

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Biogenic Synthesis of AgNPs with Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke and Studies on Their Biochemical Properties

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2018.16414 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 8392-8398 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Riaz ◽

Muhammad Altaf ◽

Amir Faisal ◽

Muhammad Azhar Shekheli ◽

Ghulam Abbass Miana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Root Extract ◽

Biogenic Synthesis ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Saussurea Lappa ◽

Drug Candidates

Nanotechnology has become an irreplaceable need and green synthesis of nanoparticles offers several advantages over physical and chemical methods. Medicinal plants are the main reservoirs of drugs and drug candidates. We report the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous root extract of Saussurea lappa. Verification and characterization of these nanoparticles were done by UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD-analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy and FT-IR. Extract-loaded-AgNPs showed the highest inhibition zone against Escherichia coli (11.0 mm) and intermediate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0 mm). The methanolic root extract of S. lappa alone, also moderately inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.0 mm) and showed lower activity (6.0 mm) against Escherichia coli. Its aqueous roots extract inhibited (6.0 mm) the growth of tested organisms. Methanolic extract showed antioxidant potency (IC50 = 0.814 μg/mL). Experiments revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the roots of Saussurea lappa. These findings provide promising interest to exploit Saussurea lappa for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs and their biological applications.

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Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using S1 genotype of Morus alba leaf extract: characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential assessment

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-019-0527-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dipayan Das ◽

Raja Ghosh ◽

Palash Mandal

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Biogenic Synthesis

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Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia oliveriana extract and their biological activities for an effective treatment of lung cancer

Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/21691401.2018.1528983 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (sup3) ◽

pp. S1047-S1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nafiseh Nafisi Fard ◽

Hassan Noorbazargan ◽

Amir Mirzaie ◽

Mojtaba Hedayati Ch ◽

Zeinab Moghimiyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biogenic Synthesis

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Modulatory Effect of Chelidonium majus Extract and Its Alkaloids on LPS-Stimulated Cytokine Secretion in Human Neutrophils

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25040842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 842 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sylwia Zielińska ◽

Monika Ewa Czerwińska ◽

Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker ◽

Andrzej Dryś ◽

Mariusz Kucharski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Cytokine Secretion ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Root Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Chelidonium Majus ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

High Cytotoxicity

Due to certain differences in terms of molecular structure, isoquinoline alkaloids from Chelidonium majus engage in various biological activities. Apart from their well-documented antimicrobial potential, some phenanthridine and protoberberine derivatives as well as C. majus extract present with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. In this study, the LC–MS/MS method was used to determine alkaloids, phenolic acids, carboxylic acids, and hydroxybenzoic acids. We investigated five individually tested alkaloids (coptisine, berberine, chelidonine, chelerythrine, and sanguinarine) as well as C. majus root extract for their effect on the secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils). Berberine, chelidonine, and chelerythrine significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner. Sanguinarine was found to be the most potent inhibitor of IL-1β secretion. However, the overproduction of IL-8 and TNF-α and a high cytotoxicity for these compounds were observed. Coptisine was highly cytotoxic and slightly decreased the secretion of the studied cytokines. The extract (1.25–12.5 μg/mL) increased cytokine secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, but an increase in cytotoxicity was also noted. The alkaloids were active at very low concentrations (0.625–2.5 μM), but their potential cytotoxic effects, except for chelidonine and chelerythrine, should not be ignored.

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Natural Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Wild Grape (Ampelocissus martinii Planch.) Root Extract

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.23063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 545-550

Author(s):

P. Siripipatthana ◽

P. Srihanam ◽

A. Sangdee

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Root Extract ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

High Antioxidant Activity

A hydromethanolic root extract of Ampelocissus martinii Planch. (A. martinii) was analyzed by standard methods for its phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions and antibacterial activities. The root extract exhibited the highest content of saponins, followed by phenols, proanthocyanidin and flavonoids, respectively. It showed high antioxidant activity in FRAP and CUPRAC assays. The root extract and standard Trolox had similar antioxidant activities in the DPPH and ABTS assay. It also showed much higher α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to standard acarbose. Moreover, the root extract inhibited all tested Gram-positive bacteria with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.25 mg/mL. These results indicate that A. martinii root can be pharmaceutically used as active ingredients to prevent bacterial infection and radical-related diseases especially diabetes.

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