Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Matoa Leaf  (Pometia pinnata) against Salmonella typhi

ABSTRACTDayak onions (Eleutherine americana Merr) has been used as a traditional plant which has benefits for many diseases, one of them is antibacterial. This study aims to determine the growth inhibition of ethanol extract of Dayak onions leaves on the bacterium S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi using three concentrations of 20%, 40% and 60%. Extraction was done by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Antibacterial activity test was performing using the paper disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer diffusion). The results showed that ethanol extract of bawang dayak has the potential as an antibacterial and has antibacterial strength against S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi. At concentrations of 20%, 40% and 60% forming inhibition zone diameters (16.23 mm, 19.18 mm, 21.25 mm) S. aureus, (10.7 mm, 13.98 mm, 15.87 mm) E. coli, and (14.43 mm, 14.6 mm, 17.2 mm) S. typhi. At concentration of 20%, 40% and 60% included strong groups to inhibit E. coli and S. typhi, while at concentration of 60%, it is included in a very strong group to inhibit the S. aureus bacteria. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Bawang Dayak , Kirby-Bauer diffusion method ABSTRAK Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr) telah digunakan sebagai tanaman tradisional yang bermanfaat bagi banyak penyakit salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekstrak etanol bawang dayak terhadap bakteri S. aureus, E.coli dan S. typhi menggunakan tiga kosentrasi yaitu 20%, 40% dan 60%. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunkan metode difusi dengan cakram kertas (difusi Kirby-Bauer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bawang dayak berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan memiliki kekuatan antibakteri terhadap S. aureus, E. coli dan S. typhi. Pada konsentrasi 20%, 40% dan 60% membentuk diameter zona hambat (16.23 mm, 19.18 mm, 21.25 mm) pada S. aureus, (10.7 mm, 13.98 mm, 15,87 mm) pada E. coli, (14.43 mm, 14.6 mm, 17.2 mm) pada S. typhi. Pada konsentrasi 20%, 40% dan 60% termasuk golongan kuat untuk menghambat bakteri E. coli dan S. typhi, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 60% termasuk dalam golongan sangat kuat untuk menghambat bakteri S. aureus. Kata kunci: Aktivitas antibakteri, Bawang Dayak, metode difusi Kirby-Bauer

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Antibacterial activity test of Simargaolgaol (Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl) leaves extract against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria

Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia ◽

10.24114/jpkim.v13i2.26989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 151-158

Author(s):

Tiurma Solomasi Zega ◽

◽

Putri Mandaoni Pakpahan ◽

Rahmayani Siregar ◽

Givinda Sitompul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Activity Test ◽

Inhibitory Power ◽

Ethanol Extracts

The Simargaolgaol (Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl) plant is a plant that grows wild in Barus District, Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra which is used by the community as a medicinal plant. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from Simargaolgaol leaves against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The antibacterial activity test of Simargaolgaol leaves was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the highest inhibitory power of Simargaolgaol leaf extract was ethanol extract (polar), ethyl acetate extract (semi polar) and n-hexane extract (non polar). The inhibitory power of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane against Escherichia coli bacteria was 13.1 mm (strong); 9.7 mm (medium); 8.0 mm (medium) and for Salmonella typhi bacteria respectively 11.2 mm (strong); 10.7 mm (strong) and 9.3 mm (medium). With the concentration of the extract in the diameter is 10%. Based on this, it can be concluded that Simargaolgaol leaf extract has potential as an antibacterial. Keywords: Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl, Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi

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In vitro Study on Anti-salmonella Activities of Boerhaavia diffusa (L. syn) Leaf Extract

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2019/v3i130081 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ologun, Oluwabusayo ◽

Dada, Ebenezer Oluyemi ◽

Ajayi, Kehinde Oluyemi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Clinical Isolate ◽

Optical Density ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Boerhaavia Diffusa ◽

Broth Dilution

Various strategies have been employed in the treatment and management of Salmonella infection however, Salmonella strains have gained resistance to antibiotics. This study was to determine in vitro anti-Salmonella activity of Boerhaavia diffusa leaf extract against clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. diffusa were studied for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic Salmonella typhi. This study was carried out between April and September 2018. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution using spectrophotometric method and the results were expressed as the average diameter of zone of inhibition of bacterial growth around the well and optical density respectively. It was observed that aqueous extract exerted slightly higher activity than ethanolic extract as revealed by the mean diameter of zone of inhibitions at a concentration of 200 mg/ml, the aqueous extract had 35.21±0.47 mm (Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028) compared with ethanol extract 26.41±0.32 mm (clinical). However, in the broth dilution method, ethanol extract significantly (p=0.05) reduced the cell, at 48 hours, the optical density of clinical isolate of S. typhi treated at concentration of 200 mg/ml of extract was 0.47±0.02 nm while at the same concentration of extract, aqueous extract had an optical density of 0.52±0.11 nm respectively. The phytochemical assay revealed that tannin (5.18±0.02 mg/g) and quinone (8.45±0.13 mg/g) in ethanol extract was significantly (p=0.05) higher than aqueous extract while saponin (14.18±0.06 mg/g) was higher in the aqueous extract. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of B. diffusa whole plant exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both clinical and typed Salmonella typhi. Therefore, the plant extract could be used for the treatment of Salmonellosis, however, the in vivo studies is needed to ascertain the safety of the extract.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI PERKOLASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.30649/pst.v2i1.99 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Yanu Andhiarto ◽

Rina Andayani ◽

Nur Hidayatul Ilmiyah

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Activity Test

Skin infections most often found in developing countries, especially in the tropics, are purulent skin inflammation (pyoderma), the main cause of Staphylococcus aureus. The increasing number of cases of bacteria that are resistant to antibacterial can encourage the extraction of sources of antibacterial drugs from natural ingredients. One of the plants that is thought to have the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus is the Neem plant. In this study an antibacterial activity test was carried out with the well diffusion method from 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves extracted by percolation method. Previously 96% ethanol extract from Mimba leaves had been identified by secondary metabolites by phytochemical screening and standardized extract testing. Standarization using non-specific parameters (moisture content, ash content and drying losses) found that 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves entered a range of standard parameters and in phytochemical screening tests obtained 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves containing alcaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids / terpenoids and flavonoids. The results of the study on the antibacterial activity test showed a concentration of 75% ethanol extract of 96% Mimba leaves classified as having strong activity, at a concentration of 50% and 25% classified as having moderate activity. Based on this study it can be concluded that the three concentrations of 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

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Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol Ganoderma sp. Asal Pulau Lombok

Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan ◽

10.29303/jstl.v6i1.146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Adelina Oktaviani ◽

Aida Muspiah ◽

Faturrahman Faturrahman

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Activity Test

The use of antibiotics that are not according to the rules and antibiotics in the long term can cause resistance to bacteria. This study aims to determine the presence of antibacterial activity and the effect of increasing the concentration of ethanol extract of Ganoderma sp. against several test bacteria. Extract from Ganoderma sp. obtained by maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with ciprofloxacin as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition formed around the well. The results of the antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract Ganoderma sp. has greater inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory activity of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma sp. on the growth of test bacteria increased with increasing concentration of the extract

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Antibacterial Activity of Traditional Medicine Scurrula atropurpurea (BL) DANS and their Endophytic Fungi

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.840.205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 840 ◽

pp. 205-213

Author(s):

Elfita Elfita ◽

Muharni Muharni ◽

Mardiyanto Mardiyanto ◽

Fitrya Fitrya ◽

Feti Fera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Spectroscopy Analysis ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Antibacterial Compounds ◽

Activity Test ◽

Antibacterial Compound ◽

Promising Source

Scurrula atropurpurea known as benalu is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of various diseases such as antibacterial. Plants with ethnomedicine history use to cure pathogenic bacterial infections and their endophytic fungi is a promising source of antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to compared the antibacterial activity of S. atropurpurea leaves and their endophytic fungi. The secondary metabolites were isolated from the leaves of S. atropurpurea and their endophytic fungi by the chromatography method. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by Kirby Bauer method against Salmonella typhi (IPCCCB.11.669) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as Gram (-) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) as Gram (+). The antibacterial compound from S. atropurpurea was determined by spectroscopy analysis as Quercetin-3-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside, while the antibacterial compound from endophytic fungi (strain BB1) as a lactone. Phylogenetic tree of strain BB1 has the highest homology with Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis strain CBS 450.74.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara Linn) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

Biocelebes ◽

10.22487/bioceb.v15i2.15540 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 90-97

Author(s):

Gaby Maulida Nurdin

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Activity Test ◽

Growth Inhibitory ◽

One Way Anova

This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration ethanol extract from tembelakan leaf (Lantana camara Linn) on bacteria growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol 96% and then separated using rotary evaporator. Antibacterial activity test of the ethanol extract by Well agar diffusion method. Variation in crude extract saponin used in this study was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and positive controls were used for comparison with Amoxicilin and Chloramphenicole concentration of 25 µg/mL and DMSO as a negative control. The results of antibacterial activity test is indicated by the formation of growth inhibitory region S. aureus and E. coli. The result of growth inhibitory regions was analyzed by One way ANOVA. One way ANOVA test results indicate that there are effects of ethanol extract concentration of tembelekan leaf (L. camara Linn) against S. aureus and E. coli. Effective concentration of ethanol extract tembelekan leaf (L. camara Linn) when compared with positive control to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli is at 25% with a relatively strong antibacterial activity. Test with phytochemicals screening method which is showed that tembelekan leaf contains the flavanoid, saponins, and tannins compounds as antibacterial

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The Inhibitory Power Extract Of Balsamica Plant (Impatiens balsamica L) on Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria Growth

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX ◽

10.35800/jip.2.2.2014.7147 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Galih Arif Kusuma ◽

Sammy N. J. Longdong ◽

Reiny A. Tumbol

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bacteria Growth ◽

Activity Test ◽

Inhibitory Power

This research aimed to assess the potential use of extracts of leaves, flowers, and stems of the balsamica plant increase inhibitory effect on the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila. The content of the plant contains a compound balsamica naphthoquinone, coumarin derivatives, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids. The active compounds have the ability as an antimicrobial. A hidrophyla bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens are almost always found in water and often cause disease when the fish in adverse conditions. Antibacterial activity test in this research using the spread plate method. Data obtained in the form of the extract, the results of bacterial inoculation, and the inhibition test results, will be analyzed, displayed with pictures and described descriptively. The result of the process of maceration extraction using ethanol 70% was obtained three extracts are concentrated leaf extract: 28.75 g, flower: 12.82 g, and rods: 29.48 g. The result of antibacterial extracts of leaves, stems, and flowers balsamica plant showed inhibitory activity on the A hydrophila bacteria that seems to be indicated by a clear zone around the paper disc. Based on the classification of leaf extract and extract of the stem can be classified in the class of strong, because the inhibition zone formed by the leaf extract is equal to 11.2 mm, and extract stem with 13.7 mm inhibition zone. Ability flower extract in inhibiting the growth of A hidrophila bacteria with 21.4 mm inhibition zone showed that the extract was included in a very strong class. Keywords: The ethanol extract balsamica, Impatiens balsamica L, Aeromonas hydrophila, antibacterial activity test.

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Studies on Antibacterial Activity and Brine Shrimp Toxicity of Leaf Extract of Cassia grandis

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2966 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Awal ◽

Syed Ashrafuzzaman ◽

E Ekramul Haque

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Microbial Diseases ◽

Lc50 Value ◽

Bioassay Test

Antibacterial activity and toxicity of ethanol extract of Cassia grandis leaves to Brine Shrimp was evaluated. Five Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative bacteria, namely Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus ß-haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested using disc diffusion method. The extract was inactive at the concentration of 30 μg/disc but exhibited moderate to good activity at concentration of 200 μg/disc against the tested bacteria. In Brine Bhrimp lethality bioassay test, it was observed that LC50 value of the extract was 10.68 μg/ml. From these findings, it is indicative that C. grandis may be useful against microbial diseases. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Brine shrimp, Cassia grandis doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2966 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 17-19

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Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terhadap Salmonella Typhi Resisten Kloramfenikol

JPSCR Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research ◽

10.20961/jpscr.v2i02.14386 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Ika Trisharyanti

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

<em><span lang="EN-US">Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi, antibiotic chloramphenicol can be use to treatment, but S. typhi resistant with antibiotic choramphenicol so need to alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of ten leaves against Salmonella typhi, and knowing the compounds contained in extracts of leaves that have the best antibacterial activity. The leaves was extracted with ethanol 96% by maceration method. Screening antibacterial activity used disk diffusion method with 10% extract concentration. The best antibacterial activity was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration used liquid dilution method, identification test of compounds with thin-layer chromatograpy (TLC), and bioautografi test. There were six extracts had antibacterial activity against S. Typhi, Phaleria macrocarpa leaves, Acalypha siamensis leaves, cherry leaves, clove leaves, tea leaves, and Eugenia polyantha leaves. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration from clove leaf extract was 2,5%. The results of identification by TLC compounds were alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Based on bioautografi test, phenolic can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi.</span></em>

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