scholarly journals Methanol Extracts Formulation of Tambora Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.), Sembalit Angin Leaves (Mussaendafrondosa L.) and Turmina Rhizome (Curcuma longa) as Candida albicans Antifungal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Bunga Indah ◽  
Noor Hujjatusnaini ◽  
Astuti Muh. Amin ◽  
Lilin Ika Nur Indahsari
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Methanol Extracts

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cyperus rotundus Leaf Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
EO Agbo ◽  
JO Ogenyi ◽  
CA Adah ◽  
CT Agber
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Study Results

Cyperus rotundus, a member of family Cyperaceae is a perennial, stoloniferous herb. The study investigated the secondary metabolites present in the leaf of Cyperus rotundus and antimicrobial activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. The qualitative test of the extracts show the presence of steroid only in the hexane extract; flavonoid, cardiac glycoside in both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts; saponin and tannin and phenolics in just the methanol extract. While alkaloid was present in all the extracts, terpenoid was absent in all. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disk-diffusion method against strains gram-positive bacterial: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, and strains of fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was monitored at different concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL prepared from the stock concentration (100mg/mL) by serial dilution; with standard drugs: ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. The inhibition of the test organisms were concentration dependent. The methanol extract showed significantly higher Inhibition Zone (IZ) and Activity Index (AI) against the microbes at all concentrations compared to the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts due to the much phytochemicals (saponins, tanins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycocides and alkaloids) found present in its extract. The overall study results signify the potential of Cyperus rotundus as a source of therapeutic agents. The methanol extract showed the best activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogens at the highest concentration of 100 mg/mL, especially the most susceptible bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (IZ of 25.0±1.5; AI of 0.96) and Candida albicans (IZ of 25.5±0.5; AI of 0.91). At MIC, MBC and MFC of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, the plant extracts showed effective bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the test microbes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of certain seaweeds from muddy shore places of kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Selvaraju Raja ◽  
Karuppiah Kannan ◽  
Kalamani Velmurugan ◽  
Samynathan M ◽  
Ephsy K Davis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Supernatant Extract

A study was carried out to reveal the growth inhibitory effect of methanol crude extract (MCE) and methanol supernatant extract (MSE) of sea weeds: 1) Gracillaria corticata, 2) Hypnea musciforms, 3) Gelidium micropterum and 4) Hypnea valentiae  against six bacterial pathogens, 1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2) Bacillus licheniformis, 3) Serratia marcescens, 4) Aeromonas hydrophila, 5) Acinetobacter baumanii, 6) Escherichia coli and two fungal strains, 1) Aspergillus niger and 2) Candida albicans respectively. Well diffusion method using zone of inhibition as indicator for growth inhibition was adopted. The results showed that methanol extracts of seaweeds viz., Gracillaria corticata, Hypnea musciforms, and Hypnea valentiae prevented the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The effect on growth was observed as zone of inhibition, the diameter of which was indicated in the units of a millimeter. The growth of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens was affected by methanol supernatant extract of the three types of seaweeds, Gracillaria corticata, Hypnea musciforms, and Hypnea valentiae, and by the methanolic crude extract of Hypnea musciforms and Hypnea valentiae. However, the growths of other species of bacteria were not controlled by either of the extracts of the seaweeds except, Bacillus licheniformis which was controlled by only Gracillaria corticata. The growth of fungi: Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were inhibited by the methanol extracts of Gracillaria corticata. Between the two forms of methanolic extracts i.e., supernatant and crude, the efficiency of the supernatant extract was greater than that of crude one. Further, among the three types of seaweeds which showed an effect on the growth of microbes, the level of the zone of inhibition caused by Gracillaria corticata was statistically higher than that of the other two, Hypnea musciforms, and Hypnea valentiae.

Kinetic Behaviour of Skin Pigmentation Inhibitory Activity of some Selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants and Other Related Antioxidant Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-288
Author(s):  
Olugbenga K. Popoola ◽  
Francis J. Faleye ◽  
Folorunso A. Olabiyi ◽  
Olajide Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation

Background: Over exposure to Ultra Violet (UV) radiation is one of the most significant external stress-inducing factors resulting into occurrence of skin pigmentation among others in human body. The biological implication of such disorders is not only limited to premature skin aging and cancer, but also resulted into economic loss of perishable agricultural products. Methods: Methanol extracts of ten (10) medicinal plants with skin health traditional history were selected for this study. The biological profile of the extracts was assessed in an in-vitro system using colorimetric assays: tyrosinase inhibition, Ferric-ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Trolox Equivalent Absorbance Capacity (TEAC) and Fe II-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation. Results: Representative of asteraceae such as Laggera pterodonta (S3); Ageratum conyzoides (S4) and Chromolaena odorata (S5), while Euphorbia convoluloides (S8) were found to possess good anti- tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 177.50; 125.08; 167.58; 161.92) μg/ml respectively, in which the rate of formation of dopachrome proceeded via pseudo second order kinetic using the Largergren model. Other notable inhibition of oxidative stress displayed by the methanol extracts includes S7 (FRAP = 1905.12 ± 2.85 µM AAE/g); S1 & S6 (TEAC = 2163.48 ± 2.80; 1044.35 ± 28.99) µM TE/g, while S7 & S9 showed highest inhibitory activities on Fe II-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 33.625; 35.125) µg/ml, respectively in competitive manner to that of the commercial anti-oxidant EGCG (IC50 = 36.250 µg/ml). Conclusion: The outcome of the biological properties of the selected plant extracts in this study suggested the existence of relationship between the traditional claims and the scientific data therein.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MICRO PROPAGATED CALLUS OF CURUULIGO ORCHIODES (BLACK MUSILLI) AGAR WELL DIFFUSION AND MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rajanikanth Garapati ◽  
N. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: In vitro investigated the potential of methanol extracts of micro-propagated C. orchiodes in the antimicrobial property against the three gram-negative bacteria, two gram-positive and one fungal filament.Methods: The micro propagated callus methanol extract was examined against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibitions are determined at 10 mg/ml concentration of methanol extracts of callus on agar well plate and MIC against tested microorganism.Results: The highest antibacterial activity recorded in Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus and followed by Candida albicans. Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of A. reticulata was also significant against the tested microorganisms Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: Based on the above observations, these extracts were further evaluated for their effect on microorganisms causing infections like typhoid fever, urinary tract infections, septicemia, toxic shock syndrome, skin infection, nosocomial infection, arthritis and diarrhoea. The results also suggest that these plants serve a therapeutic purpose in the treatment bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rhizome Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) For Growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Gurning Kasta
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Turmeric Extract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine at what concentration of ethanol extract of rhizome turmeric is active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Methods: Ethanolic extract of rhizome turmeric was tested for phytochemical screening by using standard protocol. Antimicrobial testing was using the diffusion disc method to measure the inhibition zone against the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with various concentration of rhizome turmeric extract (500 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL). Results: Phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of rhizome turmeric contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoid/steroid. The antimicrobial inhibition of ethanol extract of rhizome turmeric against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans microbia at a concentration of 500 mg/mL had a diameter of 15.7 mm, 15 mm and 15.18 mm with a strong category. Conclusions: rhizome turmeric could be use as a novel antimicrobial agent.    

Antimicrobial properties and phytochemical constituents of the metha-nol extracts of Euphorbia retusa Forssk. and Euphorbia terracina L. from Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Emad M. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Potency

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antimi-crobial activities of the crude methanol extracts of leaves of Euphorbia re-tusa Forssk and Euphorbia terracina L. collected from Saudi Arabia (Al-Rass province). Extracts of both plants showed presence of some bioactive phyto-chemicals such as tannins, saponins, terpenoids and traces of alkaloids for E. terracina; and tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids for E. retusa. Among investigated microorganisms, methanol extracts exhibited some degree of antimicrobial activity towards some microorganisms; name-ly,Candida albicans ATCC 1405, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49461, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 27736 respec-tively for E. retusa and towards Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49461,Candida albicans ATCC 1405,Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 27736 re-spectively for E. terracina. MIC testing was ranged from 100 to 6.2 mg/ml, proving the antimicrobial potency of these plants’ extracts against some mi-croorganisms. Further studies regarding purification and fractionation are required since the antimicrobial activities of tested extracts were not com-petitor when compared to the antibiotics Chloramphenicol 25mg/ml or Clot-rimazole 10 mg/ml.

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