scholarly journals 25 Meter Rifle Shooting Training Kit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavillapalli Nikhitha ◽  
Shobana D ◽  
Anne Sylvia S ◽  
Batta Hemasree ◽  
Priyadharshini P
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Operations

The goal of this project is to obtain all of the details about the shotgun so that we can correct any mistakes made during practice. With so many undetectable errors made by operators at work, this device aids in locating and adjusting the timing of adjustments in accordance with their errors. This procedure is carried out by detecting deviations from the shooters while shooting from a distance. Following each session, all data is verified, and steps are taken to improve the shooters game and correct their mistakes. This device improves the quality of the archer while also assisting in the improvement of the game. It also appears to be a list of minor blunders that one may deal with. The arduino IDE, which does all mathematical and mathematical operations, is in charge of this device. The light attached to this device indicates the start and stop positions of the shooter, allowing the shooter to be trained to start and stop fire.

scholarly journals Klinefelter syndrome: a speech-language and neuropsychological assessment

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
Dionísia Aparecida Cusin Lamônica ◽  
Camila da Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Mayara dos Santos Baldin ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
Mathematical Operations

ABSTRACT The Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal aneuploidy caused by additional X chromosomes in men. The diagnosis is made by clinical observation and karyotype examination. Besides other characteristics, the phenotype involves infertility, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and cognitive alterations, mainly in the language domain. This paper describes the case of a teenager with Klinefelter syndrome and history of difficulties in the learning process, behavioral and communication problems. The ethical guidelines were followed in the present report. The cognitive-communicative, pragmatic and syntactic profile was drawn from the speech and neuropsychological evaluations. The speech-language assessment showed deficits in expression and comprehension. Difficulties were also found in phonological awareness, mathematical operations, reading and writing, access to the lexicon, alterations in pragmatics and occasionally, in syntactics. The neuropsychological evaluation indicated impairments in tasks that require the identification of similarities, establishment of cause-effect relationships and analogies, demonstrating a compromised reasoning for logical operations, with intellectual level incompatible with the chronological age. This interdisciplinary clinical study favors intervention approaches in rehabilitation, to maximize the potential of the individuals affected, contributing to improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals The Problem of Accuracy of Economic Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Philipp Bagus
Keyword(s):  
Small Error ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Austrian Tradition ◽  
Mathematical Operations

In his classic book On the Accuracy of Economic Observation Oskar Morgenstern deals with a common, yet widely neglected problem with which economic historians are faced, namely the quality of economic data. For the economic historian in the Austrian tradition, the quality of economic data is of utmost importance, since false data or belief in inaccurate data can lead the economic historian to faulty interpretations of the past. The quality of economic data is at least as important for economists who adhere to positivism in economics, since they use economic data to confirm or falsify their models. Likewise, Morgenstern’s insights are relevant for mathe-matical economists, as it makes sense to perform computations and solve a system of mathematical equations only if one has reliable data. Morgenstern’s sample equations show the significance of a small error in the observation. Yet, in more complex equations with extensive mathematical operations the extent of error due to unreliable data may increase (or, depending on the equation, the errors may cancel out). It is indeed surprising to note how much the problem of accuracy in economic data has been neglected. This is not so in the physical sciences. There the error of observation is always explicitly mentioned. Yet in economics there is simply no error estimate. This means that we do not know the accuracy of the economic data presented to us. This is even more troubling when we consider that in social or economic data there are more possible sources of error than in the physical sciences. We therefore face the question of why the problem of accuracy of economic data is rarely mentioned or passed over in silence in economics, while in the physical sciences this problem is widely acknowledged.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE METHODS OF MULTI‐CRITERIA DECISIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedel Peldschus
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
Logarithmic Function ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Mathematical Operations ◽  
Cubic Function

For many decades we have been dealing with problems of multi‐criteria decisions. Numerous methods have been developed in this field and new methods are continuously being created. In the light of a great number of methods currently proposed, it is difficult to gain a profound overview. Comparisons on the performance of various methods are done to a small extent only. When applying the methods, in some cases many mathematical operations are performed, which renders it impossible to sufficiently assess their effect with such a complexity. It is therefore aimed at analysing the peculiarities of several methods in a critical review and to give hints for possible consequences. The analysis is primarily concentrated on the normalisation of indices in the mapping to the interval [1; 0] or [1; ∼ 0]. This includes linear functions (the relative difference and the calculation with interval boundaries) and non‐linear functions (the hyperbolic function, the quadratic and cubic function, the square root and the logarithmic function). With the critical review, the possibility is offered to the decision maker to better assess the quality of his solution. Santrauka Jau daugelį dešimtmečių susiduriame su daugiakriterinių sprendimų problemomis. Daug metodų iki šiol jau yra sukurta, bet tebekuriami nauji. Dėl metodų įvairovės sudėtinga atlikti išsamią jų apžvalgą. Įvairių metodų palyginimų nėra daug. Kai kuriais atvejais, taikant daugiakriterinius metodus, atliekama daug matematinių operacijų, todėl sunku įvertinti skaičiavimo rezultatus. Dėl šios priežasties galimiems sprendiniams prognozuoti nagrinėjami metodų ypatumai. Atliekama metodų analizė normalizuojant rodiklius intervale [1; 0] arba [1; ~ 0]. Tai linijinė funkcija ir netiesinės (hiperbolinė, kvadratinė ir kubinė, kvadratinės šaknies, logaritminė) funkcijos. Straipsnyje pasiūlyta, kaip sprendimo priėmėjui įvertinti jo sprendimo kokybę.

A Statistical Method for Translation Quality Assessment1

Target ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouyi Fan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Subset ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Grade Of Membership ◽  
Mathematical Operations

Abstract This paper attempts to introduce a new statistical method for making a quantitative assessment of the quality of a translation. A set of criteria was defined, against which the quality of a given unit of translation can be measured. These criteria provide a framework within which a mathematical model is constructed. It takes the fuzzy subset theory as its theoretical basis, trying to solve the problem of translation quality assessment by an approach which might be called analysis-synthesis fuzzy evaluation. Mathematical operations can be performed with the aid of a computer program to yield a grade of membership which indicates the quality of a given translation. The model proposed in this paper is, therefore, of methodological significance.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

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