scholarly journals Simulation Tools for Inclusive Design Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujithra Raviselvam ◽  
Shiroq Al-Megren ◽  
Kyle Keane ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto ◽  
Kristin L. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Physical Challenges

Disability has been redefined by the World Health Organization as a function of a person’s interaction with the environment and not merely an innate part of a person. This redefinition highlights the need for inclusiveness in design solutions. To aid this, we apply and test the potential of different tools that restrict designers’ physical abilities at deriving inclusive design perspectives among designers. Various tools and simulated conditions are often adopted in user-centered design to sup-port need-finding by eliciting rich data on users’ needs and guide designers to empathize with users. Simulation tools that restrict designers’ physical abilities have been applied to understand certain perspectives of people with physical challenges, yet these tools lack the ability to evoke an inclusive design perspective among designers. Through a co-creation workshop, participants were exposed to two forms of simulations: direct and situational physical impairments. This was achieved using different tools that simulate the same physical restriction. In this study, a noise- canceller and earphones were used to simulate a reduced hearing attention. Participants were asked to generate user needs and design functions by applying both the simulation tools. The study results comprise the outcomes of 33 participants who volunteered to participate in a co-design workshop that provided a venue for them to interact and work alongside users with physical challenges. This paper analyses the inclusiveness attained through different types of simulated conditions. With a growing need to create tools and technologies that delight the user, it is necessary to equip designers with the tools that would help them with the process. The study demonstrates the application and impact of one such tool.

scholarly journals The health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527
Author(s):  
Maryam Feiz Arefi ◽  
Amin Babaei-Pouya ◽  
Mohsen Poursadeqiyan
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

BACKGROUND: Quarantine is considered as an effective solution in the early stages of an epidemic. In the case of the coronavirus epidemic, quarantine was also recommended and implemented as a significant guideline to prevent the disease. However, despite the benefits of quarantine, there are also complications and problems. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study was conducted as a literature review through searching the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct for papers published before July 2020. The research was conducted based on the keywords “Coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” and “quarantine.” The references of the papers were also reviewed to find the ones not found in the databases. The guidelines published by reputable organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used in this study. RESULTS: Although quarantine is applied as an important and primary solution in the outbreak of epidemics, in cases of pandemics, it may not be free of negative effects on individuals and public health. However, because of the need to reopen and restart social and economic activities, some changes should be made in lifestyles and work activities. Using cyberspace and telework can be helpful. As the findings showed, COVID-19 bubbles can be used to restore social communications. CONCLUSION: Using masks, avoiding unnecessary gatherings, complying with personal and social hygiene, and respecting social distancing can be valuable solutions that, if implemented properly, can decrease the rate of the disease significantly. It is also emphasized that quarantine is still necessary and important as the best solution for sick people and individuals who are suspected carriers of the disease.

scholarly journals Drug use as a coping style to social isolation by COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the adherence to safety guidelines in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Diana Mejía ◽  
Alejandro Gutierrez-Trejo ◽  
Laurent Avila-Chauvet ◽  
Lynette Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stress Experience ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Introduction: in response to the pandemic originated by COVID-19, governments placed in practice a series of safety guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Mexico, one of the decisive actions to prevent the disease's spread was social isolation or lockdown. These rigorous proceedings could increase stress experience or other mental health disorders. One of the coping mechanisms used to avoid stress includes drug use. Objective: the study's goal was to evaluate the relationship between drug use (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) and adherence to safety guidelines. Method: the association between the variables was assessed with a series of surveys indicating adherence to safety guidelines and drug use, 475 Mexican participants (56.5% females and 43.4% males) completed the study. Results: the results suggest that most participants had low drug abuse levels before and during social isolation. There was a significant decrease in tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use in both females and males. Upon analyzing guideline adherence, low alcohol use correlated with the safety behavior scale, while tobacco and cannabis correlated with the preventive behavior scale. Discussion: the current Mexican sample had not used drugs to cope during social isolation.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Germophobia Questionnaire in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammadreza Alavizadeh ◽  
◽  
Mojgan Sepahmansour ◽  
Somaye Entezari ◽  
Mohammadreza Seirafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has recently been identified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The outbreak of the disease has caused numerous individuals around the world to become extremely frightened and subsequently present the signs of phobia. Fear is the basic emotion of anxiety disorders and individuals cope with their emotions by different strategies. The present study aimed at developing and validating Emotion Regulation Strategies for Germophobia Questionnaire (ERS-GPQ). Methods: The study participants were 99 individuals (74 females) of the Iranian population with concerns about germs who were selected with the snowball sampling method. They completed the ERS-GPQ and GPQ in the Google Forms platform. Results: The present study results illustrated that the ERS-GPQ has acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (a=0.61), reliability coefficients with split-half (0.70), and one-week test-retest (0.92); the ERS-GPQ also presented a moderate positive correlation with the contamination obsessions checklist of GPQ (r=0.44) as the convergent coefficient. Besides, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated 2 factors of the ERS-GPQ. Finally, the ERS-GPQ has 2 components with good convergent and discriminate validities and composite reliability. Conclusion: Based on the current research findings, the ERS-GPQ has acceptable and good psychometric properties; researchers can use the ERS-GPQ as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing ER strategies concerning germophobia. Furthermore, it has some considerations for practitioners in epidemic and pandemic crises, like COVID-19.

Penerapan Fungsi Keluarga Dalam Kemampuan Merawat Anggota Keluarga Dengan Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Putri Ananda Salsabilla ◽  
Ricky Riyanto Iksan ◽  
Sri Atun Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Family Members ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

ABSTRACT : APPLICATION OF FAMILY FUNCTIONS IN ABILITY TO CARE FOR MEMBERS FAMILIES WITH STROKES Background: Stroke is a non-communicable disease that is one of the leading causes of death and disability rates in the world. Stroke becomes a health threat due to impaired cerebral function, both focal and global, which lasts quickly and lasts more than 24 hours or ends in death without the discovery of the disease other than vascular disorders (World Health, 2017). World Health Organization (2018) stroke sufferers are increasing every year.. It shows that every year there are 13.7 million new cases of stroke, and about 5.5 million deaths occur from stroke. About 70% of strokes and 87% of stroke deaths and disabilities occur in low- and middle-income countries.Objective: Identified Application of Family Function Intervention in the Ability to Care for Family Members With Stroke in the Puskesmas Area of North Meruya Village of West JakartaMethod: This type of research is case studydesign research that according to Basuki Case Study is a form of research on a problem that has the nature of specificity with individual or group targets, even the wider community. In this study, researchers conducted family function interventions in four families with strokes, namely the same four sufferers were given family function interventions.Results: The results of research conducted the influence of affective function, socialization function, economic function, and health care function with the application of nursing care in stroke patients.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study results in the application of family functions in the ability to care for family members with stroke experienced significant changes to intervention. Keywords: Family Function, Caring Ability, Stroke INTISARI : PENERAPAN FUNGSI KELUARGA DALAM KEMAMPUAN MERAWAT ANGGOTA KELUARGA DENGAN STROKE Latar Belakang: Stroke merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi salah satu penyebab utama angka kematian dan kecacatan di dunia. Stroke menjadi ancaman kesehatan karena gangguan fungsi serebral, baik fokal maupun global, yang berlangsung dengan cepat dan lebih dari 24 jam atau berakhir dengan kematian tanpa ditemukannya penyakit selain dari pada gangguan vaskular (World Health Organization, 2017). World Health Organization (2018) penderita stroke semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Menunjukkan bahwa setiap tahunnya ada 13,7 juta kasus baru stroke, dan sekitar 5,5 juta kematian terjadi akibat penyakit stroke. Sekitar 70% penyakit stroke dan 87% kematian dan disabilitas akibat stroke terjadi pada negara berpendapatan rendah dan menengah.Tujuan: Teridentifikasi Penerapan Intervensi Fungsi Keluarga Dalam Kemampuan Merawat Anggota Keluarga Dengan Stroke di Wilayah Puskesmas Kelurahan Meruya Utara Jakarta BaratMetode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian case studydesign yaitu menurut Basuki Case Study adalah bentuk penelitian suatu masalah yang memiliki sifat kekhususan dengan sasaran perorangan ataupun kelompok, bahkan masyarakat luas.Pada penelitian ini Peneliti melakukan Intervensi Fungsi keluarga pada empat keluarga dengan stroke yaitu keempat penderita sama – sama diberikan Intervensi Fungsi Keluarga.Hasil: Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan adanya pengaruh fungsi afektif, fungsi sosialisasi, fungsi ekonomi, dan fungsi perawatan kesehatan dengan penerapan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien stroke.Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini hasil penerapan fungsi keluarga dalam kemampuan merawat anggota keluarga dengan stroke mengalami perubahan yang signifikan terhadap intervensi. Kata Kunci : Fungsi Keluarga, Kemampuan Merawat, Stroke

scholarly journals Health-Related Quality of Life of Mothers of Children With Phenylketonuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Zahra Mortazavi ◽  
◽  
Leili Tapak ◽  
Saideh Sadat Mortazavi ◽  
Minoo Dabiri Golchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Quality of life is one of the pivotal notions of the World Health Organization’s perspective. Regarding the complications of Phenylketonuria (PKU) disease in children, it seems that this disease affects the quality of life of these mothers. Objectives: Investigating the quality of life of mothers with PKU children and to compare it with that of mothers of normal children. Materials & Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 65 mothers with PKU children and 122 mothers with normal children in Hamadan City, Iran, in 2018 (selected randomly from the general population). For data collection, mothers filled a demographic profile questionnaire and the Iranian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief. The obtained data were analyzed using the independent t test and univariate analysis of variance (α=0.05) in SPSS V. 16. Results: The Mean±SD total scores of quality of life of mothers with PKU children and mothers with normal children were 11.74±1.91 and 14.37±1.58, respectively and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). There was also a significant relationship between the quality of life of mothers with PKU children and the age of the child at the onset of treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the current study results that indicated the low quality of life of the mothers of PKU children, it is recommended that rehabilitation and psychological interventions be included in pediatric treatment programs to improve the quality of life of mothers.

scholarly journals PRESCRIBING TREND AMONG HOSPITALIZED PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN PRIVATE SECTOR HOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN NADIAD, INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
SANDIP B PATEL ◽  
YASH P PATEL ◽  
SHISHAV B SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Prescribing Trend ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives: Purpose of this study was to analyze the prescription pattern among the hospitalized pediatric patients in private sector hospital. Methods: The study was conducted from January 2018 to April, 2018 at Shaishav Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India, and 178 patients were included into the study. Results were obtained by applying the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators as well as Indian Academy of Pediatrics List of Essential Medicines (IAP-LEM). Results: During the study period, infectious disease such as pneumonitis, bronchitis, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, and dehydration were the dominant disease among the patients. Average number of drugs per prescription was four but in many of prescription, poly-pharmacy has shown. Antibiotic agents were the most prescribed drug (38.6%) among different classes of drugs. Use of the parenteral route of drug administration was used beyond the range stated by the WHO (59% prescriptions vs. 13–24% WHO range). We found that doctor followed IAP-LEM (in 99.78% cases) for prescribing as well as for dosing also, which was very impressive. Conclusions: As this study indicates, there is a need of development of evidence-based treatment protocols for common disease condition for the rational use of medication, especially for an antibiotic medication.

scholarly journals ASSESS THE AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE REGARDING PREVENTION OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
SAHBANATHUL MISSRIYA MA ◽  
SUHAIL HASSAN
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Coronavirus disease is the first pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus. The World Health Organization announced a name for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This epidemic must stop, contain, control, delay, and reduce the impact of this virus by the people at every opportunity. Every person has the responsibility to contribute, to protect themselves, to protect others, whether in the home, the community, the health-care system, the workplace, or in the transport system. The study was aimed to assess the level of awareness and attitude regarding the prevention of novel coronavirus disease among people and to associate the knowledge level about the prevention of novel coronavirus disease with selected demographic variables of people. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. Using a convenient sampling technique, 950 samples were selected. The data were collected, analyzed in terms of both descriptive, and inferential statistics. Results: The study results showed that among the total number of people (950) surveyed, 499 (52.6%) were having poor knowledge, whereas 348 (36.6%) were having an average level of knowledge and 103 (10.8%) were showing good knowledge regarding prevention of COVID-19. Some of the people (40.7%) had a negative attitude on the overall aspects of COVID-19 prevention. Conclusion: The study concluded that there were inadequate awareness and poor attitude among the people about coronavirus diseases, and hence there is a need to create awareness through campaigns by public authorities and media.

scholarly journals Toward the Development of a Circulating Free DNA-BasedIn VitroDiagnostic Test for Infectious Diseases: a Review of Evidence for Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Leticia Fernández-Carballo ◽  
Tobias Broger ◽  
Romain Wyss ◽  
Niaz Banaei ◽  
Claudia M. Denkinger
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Circulating Free Dna ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTThe detection of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has transformed the field of oncology and prenatal diagnostics. Clinical application of cfDNA for disease diagnosis and monitoring, however, is relatively recent in the field of infectious disease. The potential of cfDNA as a noninvasive diagnostic and monitoring tool is especially promising for tuberculosis (TB), as it enables the detection of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB from easily accessible urine and/or blood samples from any age group. However, despite the potential of cfDNA detection to identify TB, very few studies are described in the literature to date. A comprehensive search of the literature identified 15 studies that report detectingMycobacterium tuberculosisDNA in the blood and urine of TB patients with nongenitourinary disease, but in only six of them were the methodological steps considered suitable for cfDNA isolation and detection. The sensitivities and specificities for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases reported in these six studies are highly variable, falling in the range of 29% to 79% and 67% to 100%, respectively. While most studies could not meet the performance requirements of the high-priority target product profiles (TPP) published by the World Health Organization (WHO), the study results nonetheless show promise for a point-of-care detection assay. Better designed prospective studies, using appropriate samples, will be required to validate cfDNA as a TB biomarker.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Planning and Preparedness for Institutions Serving People Living With Disabilities in South Africa: An Opportunity For Continued Service and Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Loraine Boitumelo (LB) Mzini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pandemic Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic just about three months after its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The outbreak of COVID-19 launched the world into a public health crisis, impacting families, schools, and communities in unprecedented ways. This paper examines the existence of pandemic planning and preparedness for institutions serving PLWD in order to ensure continued service for its users. The research also analyses the considerations applied to address the challenges that a pandemic will present. This study comes at an opportune moment when institutions serving PLWD become overwhelmed and face possible closure of their facilities. As COVID-19 continues to have wide-reaching impacts across the globe, it is important to understand how persons with disabilities are uniquely impacted by the pandemic, including health, education, and food security. Method: A qualitative study was considered complemented by telephone interviews in two facilities (Evaton and Katlehong) serving PLWD were used as a case study. Results: The paper concludes that adequate pandemic planning and preparedness in response to COVID-19 are critical to saving both lives and livelihoods and continuous service delivery. The respondents articulated a need for inclusive strategies where disabled people are involved as consultants and partners, not just as users. Conclusion: Diligent planning was found to be essential. The results highlight the role of the institutions serving PLWD in being effective and supporting service delivery and food security.

scholarly journals The Effect of Doxycycline on Pus Cells and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Leukocytospermia

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Richa Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT Objective The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined leukocytospermia as > 106 WBC/ml of semen. However, the clinical significance of leukocytospermia is currently a subject of controversy. Evidence from several recent studies indicates that leukocytospermia could significantly contribute to oxidative stress and male infertility. Several clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of antibiotic therapy to treat patients with pyospermia in an attempt to improve fertility. Currently, doxycycline is the most common antibiotic used to treat pyospermia though larger trials are needed to demonstrate its efficacy in treating pyospermia. Materials and methods Hundred male partners with semen analysis showing the presence of significant leukocytospermia (WBC > 1 × 106/ml), sterile semen culture and satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and given doxycycline 100 mg bd for 14 days. Semen analysis for pus cells and oxidative stress (ROS) measurement was done before and after the treatment. Results Mean pus cell count before and after treatment with doxycycline was 2.28 ± 1.26 × 106/ml and 1.21 ± 0.58 ×106/mL respectively, the effect being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Resolution of leukocytospermia was seen in 61.4% (54/88) cases after doxycycline treatment. Mean oxidative stress (RLU/ sec/million sperms) before and after doxycycline therapy was 79.72 ± 133.9 and 25.44 ± 47.8, the difference being significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Study results show that treatment with broad spectrum antibiotic like doxycycline leads to significant decrease in the number of pus cells present in semen thereby significantly decreasing the oxidative stress. How to cite this article Aggarwal R. the Effect of Doxycycline on Pus Cells and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Leukocytospermia. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2014;5(3):95-99.

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