scholarly journals Deutscher Militarismus – eine unendliche Geschichte?

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (162) ◽  
pp. 7-34
Author(s):  
Dorothea Schmidt

At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, the Allied leaders identified four dimensions of German militarism that were of particular concern: the power of the military elite and their privileged position inside the state, the activities of paramilitary formations and the armaments industry, and the support for militarism in the public. The leaders agreed to a set of policies that sought to address these concerns of reigning in any militaristic tendencies. This article focuses on the relevance of these four areas of concern by examining their relevance in different periods, from the German Empire to the present, and trying to discern lines of continuity or of disruption. The impact of the armaments industry is as strong as ever, but the German army is now controlled by the parliament, soldiers have acquired certain rights and the general public seems not to be enthusiastic about the German participation in the Afghanistan war. Nevertheless, the involvement of the German troops in out of area-operations of NATO or the emerging European defence forces is on the increase.

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 25001
Author(s):  
Cecilia Gustavsson ◽  
Erik Andersson-Sundén ◽  
Abigail Barker ◽  
Anders Hjalmarsson ◽  
Mattias Lantz ◽  
...  

A growing trend in science is that research institutions reach out to members of the public for participating in research. The reasons for outreach are many, spanning from the desire to collect and/or analyse large sets of data efficiently, to the idea of including the general public on a very fundamental level in science-making and ultimately decision-making. The presented project is curriculum-based and carried out in 240 lower secondary school classes (pupils of age 13-16). The task, as designed by the participating universities, is to collect mushrooms, soil and animal droppings from different parts of Sweden, do preliminary sample preparation and analyses and send the samples to the university institutions for radioactivity measurement. Behind the project is a desire to compare today’s levels of 137Cs with those deposited right after the Chernobyl accident in 1986, but also to study the exchange of caesium between organisms as well as the impacts of biological and geological processes on uptake and retention. The scientific outcome is a geodatabase with the 137Cs activity (Bq/m2) present in the Swedish environment, where radioactivity data can be linked to the species (fungi, competing species, animals foraging), forest type, land type, land use and other environmental factors. The science question is of interest to the general public as foraging for mushrooms, as well as spending recreational time in forests is widely popular in Sweden. In this article, we will discuss the current status of the project and the observations we have made about how well the public can participate in scientific research. Focus will be on organization of the project, such as logistics, preparation of supportive material, feedback and communication between researchers and schools. We will present observations about the impact the project has had on the participants, based on quantitative and qualitative evaluations.


Temida ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin Dearing

The past few years have seen a fundamental and broadly based change in the response to domestic violence perpetrated by men against women. The Act on Protection against Domestic Violence which entered into force on May 1st, 1997 reflects this new orientation, or rather this shift in paradigm, which has led to a new understanding of the phenomenon of domestic violence and defines appropriate response by the state by it. The impact of this shift in paradigm is considerable: not only have public authorities and private women?s institutions changed their attitudes towards domestic violence, but the general public now responds to this phenomenon in a manner that is entirely different from what it was prior to the approach. Reports on cases of violence no longer merely state the facts indifferently, but now invariably end with the question whether the authorities had been informed and whether they had taken any action to prevent the crime. Thus the public authorities have come to assume responsibility for combating domestic violence as a result of societal developments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-345
Author(s):  
Aneta Pinková ◽  
Jakub Jusko

Abstract This article is a contribution to the ‘know your data’ approach to the issue of measuring corruption, in two specific areas: the impact of the way questions are formulated on the results of surveys on corruption perception; and the potential pitfalls of using businesspeople as expert respondents in surveys measuring corruption. The article first presents and analyses the sources of two most frequently used indicators to measure corruption perceptions – the Corruption Perception Index and the Control of Corruption, one of the Worldwide Governance Indicators. Based on this analysis, hypotheses are posed on how the formulation of the questions will influence the out-comes of surveys, and what differences there will be between studies conducted on the general public and businesspeople. These are tested using data obtained from two original survey experiments conducted concurrently, one on a representative sample of the public and another on businesspeople.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Bass ◽  
Mark Vermillion ◽  
Paul Putz

In this paper, we examine the role of forced crowdsourcing in coaching evaluation and assessment systems. In previous conceptualizations, crowdsourcing (Howe, 2006) is an organization-controlled process where the opinion of the general public is used for organizational good. However, in sport, and particularly coaching, this is not always the case. Further, we detail the role of viral content in increasing public pressure during the monitoring, enforcing, and ultimately changing of organizational actions. Examples of American coaching scandals in sport were used to illustrate these concepts. From Woody Hayes to Bob Knight to Mike Rice, coaching scandals have captivated the public at large and forced administrators to weigh the public opinion against their own organizational morals and best practices. Finally, we argue organizations are often driven to act due to forced crowdsourced opinions. In all, increased forced crowdsourcing has fundamentally changed the previous insular dynamics of sporting organizations through increased awareness of coaching practices and the promotion of accountability among administrators for the actions of the coaches in their program.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
S. Nivithra ◽  
K.S. Shoba Jasmin

Forests keep our climate stable, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, and they regulate our water supply and improve its quality. Forests are vulnerable to anthropogenic activities which affect the biodiversity with adverse socio-economic and environmental impacts. Large-scale destruction of the forests began with the British who wished to utilise the timber and the natural resources for the expansion and continuation of the empire. Over recent decades, human activity has also severely impacted the habitats and natural resources that wildlife and humanity depend on such as oceans, forests, coral reefs, wetlands and mangroves. This study attempted to analyse the level of awareness among the general public about deforestation in India. The impact of deforestation is poorly understood and the rate of deforestation is alarming the environmentalists wishing to protect the wildlife and forest resources. The causes and impacts of deforestation are associated with human activities but the linkage is not clearly understood by the public and the level of awareness is poor.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2050-2055

Probably we may come across the Social Media Sites (SMS) such as Facebook, WhatApp, Twitter and YouTube is a powerful media among the general public. The recent days without social media noting do to so for that reason every individual could be an account holder of social media. With the impact of social media, we could make significant changes among the public or government. The objective of the study is to find out the most influenced factor in Social Media Sites (SMS) among college students. Seven factors are used for the study such as Privacy_F1, Friendship_F2, Illegal Problems_F3, Advertise _F4, Risk Identify _F5, Easiest Share_F6, Post_ F7. Privacy F1 is the most influenced factor among the college students


2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Ghonim ◽  
Nagi M. Khashaba ◽  
Hameda M. Al-Najaar ◽  
Mohamed A. Khashan

PurposeIn recent decades, the concept of strategic alignment has been a center of concern for researchers and practitioners. This alignment is associated with the process of strategic planning to achieve high strategic performance and competitiveness. This study aims to investigate the impact of strategic alignment on decision effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected from 383 employees of the Directorate of Health Affairs in the Dakahlia Governorate in Egypt, through a self-administered questionnaire. The PLS-SEM approach was used to analyze the collected data.FindingsThe results revealed that strategic alignment significantly and positively affects decision effectiveness and its dimensions, emphasizing the importance of considering all four dimensions of strategic alignment in an integrated model to achieve the greatest impact on the decision effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is applied to a developing country, so a comparative study between both developing and developed countries may be needed. Second, the study was restricted to the nonprofit organization, so further research may examine the profit organizations.Originality/valueDespite the existence of several studies on the relationship between strategic alignment and decision effectiveness in developed countries, studies conducted in the developing countries are still few. This is one of the earliest studies that adopt the multidimensional approach of strategic alignment in the public sector in emerging economies, which could help directors understand the interdependencies and different roles of strategic alignment dimensions in a novel comprehensive model.


1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Townshend

If liberal England died strangely, no moment in its passing was more bizarre than the close encounter it experienced between the army and a political system from which the military had been banished since the seventeenth century. Habitually all but invisible at home, confining its exploits to lands without the law, and maintaining a political silence equal—though in easier circumstances—to that of the neighboring grande muette, the British army moved to the center of the public stage. It obtained a popular following. This was not merely the result of Britain's involvement in world war. Manifestations of popular militarism, albeit sporadic or marginal, were evident in the later nineteenth century. The second Boer War accelerated a shift in social attitudes. Hostility to “pro-Boers,” if not beginning to resemble the hysteria of 1914, adumbrated the response of a shaken community temporarily recovering cohesion through warlike solidarity. Most public energy was expended in mafficking, but vocal groups continued to campaign for national efficiency and universal military service. The scout movement was the precipitant of a considerable mass sentiment, solidarized by suspicion of Germany and giving back a faint but clear echo of the leagues formed to support the expansion of the German army and navy.Yet if a novel enthusiasm was eroding traditional aversion to the army, it was scarcely capable of creating a public tolerance for its involvement in domestic affairs. Unlike the navy, whose nature more or less precluded its domestic employment, the army was a suspect weapon. The cultivation of nonpolitical professionalism represented in part a functional response to such public suspicion. Modern major generals would not think of doing what their Cromwellian predecessors had done.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Sulistianawati Sulistianawati

ABSTRAKPribumi subaltern menjadi subjek nyata adanya gejolak penindasan oleh serdadu pemerintah dan gerakan bawah tanah dalam situasi Aceh yang telah beralih menjadi Daerah Operasi Mililiter. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan penyalahgunaan tahta tertinggi, adanya pemberontakan gerakan bawah tanah sebagai bentuk perlawanan, dampaknya bagi kaum subaltern seperti pelecehan seksual, mentalitas down, dan dimiskinkan. Data diperoleh dengan teknik pustaka dari sumber tertulis berupa kata dan kalimat dalam novel kemudian dianalisis dengan metode analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dominasi kekuasaan penguasa superior yang menduduki tahta tertinggi, dua bentuk perlawanan berupa caci maki serta aksi pemberontakan, dan dampaknya bagi subaltern begitu signifikan memunculkan keterpurukan, semakin merajalela pelecehan seksual, mentalitas down akhirnya termiskinkan. Pada akhirnya subaltern semakin lemah, ketakutan dan tak berdaya. Adanya persekutuan pemberontak sebagai akibat mentalitas era kolonial yang masih menjarah pemikiran masyarakat. Pada dasarnya penjajahlah yang menjadi cikal bakal adanya teroris dan pemberontakan. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan sumbangsih untuk mendukung kebijakan pemerintah mendisiplinkan politik agar tidak mengalami carut-marut. Serta menjadi pengingat bagi masyarakat akan masih adanya gerakan bawah tanah dalam bentuk apapun yang mengancam keberlangsungan hidup masyarakat lain, dalam menghadapi kolonialisme yang masih berkembang hingga saat ini.Kata kunci: subaltern, poskolonial, perlawanan, pemberontakABSTRACTSubaltern natives are the real subject of the turmoil of oppression by government troops and underground movements in the Aceh situation which has turned into the Military Operations Area. The purpose of this study is to describe the abuse of the highest throne, the existence of an underground movement rebellion as a form of resistance, the impact on the subalterns such as sexual harassment, down mentality, and impoverished. Data obtained by library techniques from written sources in the form of words and sentences in the novel and then analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The results showed the dominance of the power of superior rulers who occupied the highest throne, two forms of resistance there are in the form of insults and acts of rebellion, and the impact on subalterns was so significant that it leds to adversity, increasingly rampant sexual harassment, the down mentality finally impoverished. In the end the subaltern is getting weaker, frightened and helpless. The existence of the rebel alliance is as a result of the mentality of the colonial era which still plundered the minds of the people. Basically, invaders are the embryo of terrorists and rebellion. This research is expected to contribute to support government policy to discipline politics. Therefore, it does not experience chaos. As well as a reminder to the public of the existence of underground movements in any form that threatens the survival of other communities, in the face of colonialism that is still developing today.Keyword: subaltern, postcolonial, resistance, rebel


2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1302-C1302
Author(s):  
Alessia Bacchi ◽  
Annalisa Guerri ◽  
Michele Saviano ◽  
Consiglia Tedesco

The actions for celebrating IYCr2014 in Italy are coordinated by the Associazione Italiana di Cristallografia (AIC), with the contribution of the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia (SIMP) and of the Società Italiana di Luce di Sincrotrone (SILS). All the activities are gathered in a dedicated website, www.iycr2014.it, created to convey to the public and media all the information related to crystallography and on the activities that will take place in Italy. The general initiatives organized in Italy intend to be the basis for long term actions with two main objectives: to reach general public and to reach especially high school teachers. The high school teachers are key figures to build a better perception of crystallography for the next generations: previous experience in outreach and divulgation towards schools shows that teachers are highly influential to direct students' future careers. To reach high school teachers and to increase their motivation in teaching crystallography in the science syllabus, a completely new teaching pamphlet has been created, to provide a written modern, clear, and friendly instrument to learn and explain the simplest concepts related to crystallography, linked to everyday life and complemented with simple experiments. This will be distributed freely to teachers and students. To reach general public is a second important aim, where the challenge is to increase awareness of the impact that crystallography has on daily life, culture and history. An initiative to bring crystallography at everybody's door has been launched, consisting in the creation of a list of the Italian crystallographic sites, that has been put on the web site and will be implemented in an applet for smartphones. Moreover, the exhibition 'Cristalli!' is being organized in several places, having being launched in Padua with thousands of visitors in 5 months.


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