scholarly journals Significance of complex laboratory diagnostics of ARVI for veterinary practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
A. PORYVAEVA ◽  
O Petrova ◽  
Elena Pechura ◽  
Natalia Bezborodova ◽  
Ya. LYSOVA

Abstract. This article summarizes the results of laboratory studies of acute respiratory viral infections of cattle in agricultural enterprises of the Ural Federal district and the Udmurt Republic. The purpose of the research was to show the spread of respiratory viral infections in cattle in various regions and the significance of laboratory diagnostics in this pathology. According to research data 815 samples for the period 2018–2020 a variety of combinations of mixed respiratory viruses in animals was detected using biomaterials from different age patients and patients with respiratory diseases of cattle from agricultural enterprises of the Ural Federal district, the Volga Federal District and the Udmurt Republic using polymerase chain reaction, indirect hemagglutination reaction, hemagglutination inhibition reaction, Elisa , and enzyme immunoassay. Scientific novelty. The etiological structure of mixed acute respiratory viral infections in cattle in agricultural enterprises in four regions of the Ural Federal District, the Volga Federal District and the Udmurt Republic in 2018–2020 was studied using modern diagnostic technologies. Results. In the Ural Federal District, the Volga Federal district and the Udmurt Republic, 80 % of cases of acute respiratory diseases were caused by bovine viral infections, mainly representatives of 2 families of viruses whose genome is represented by an RNA molecule (paramixoviruses, togaviruses) and a family of viruses whose genome is represented by a DNA molecule (herpesviruses,). The leading place among acute respiratory infections was occupied by infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle.

1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
O. I. Pikuza ◽  
L. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
L. Y. Aleksandrova

The study of the clinical features of acute respiratory viral infections and pneumonia in 320 newborns made it possible to identify a group of children with an increased risk of an unfavorable course of the disease. A negative effect on the prognosis of acute respiratory diseases in newborns is exerted by toxicosis, acute diseases of women during pregnancy, the impact on the expectant mother of occupational health problems, a burdened obstetric history, prematurity of the newborn, natal trauma of the central nervous system. Specific regimens have been developed to complement the conventional medical history that can facilitate the management of risk conditions and a differentiated approach to the newborn.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (03) ◽  
pp. 158-172
Author(s):  
Mikhail Matveev

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) cause more than 80% of all acute respiratory diseases. Like most viral pathogens of SARS, coronaviruses are RNA viruses, but they have the largest genome in terms of size - about 29 thousand nucleotides. Live anti-coronavirus vaccines have been developed for dogs and domestic chickens, because their respective varieties cause severe chronic infection and high viral mortality.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
A. P. Babkin ◽  
A. A. Zuikova ◽  
O. N. Krasnorutskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Kotova ◽  
D. Yu. Bugrimov ◽  
...  

The widespread worldwide spread of acute respiratory diseases is an urgent problem in health care. Expressed polyetiology of respiratory diseases does not allow to limit the use of specific vaccine preparations and dictates the need to use to combat them a variety of non-specific means that stimulate the natural resistance of the human body. The main pharmacological action of sodium deoxyribonucleate is the stimulation of phagocytic activity of T-helpers and T-killers, increasing the functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes/ macrophages, providing regeneration and repair processes in the epithelial component of antiviral protection of the body. Based on the above, the study of the clinical efficacy of Derinat® in the form of spray in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections is relevant.


Author(s):  
Cecilia Johansson ◽  
Freja C. M. Kirsebom

AbstractViral respiratory infections are a common cause of severe disease, especially in infants, people who are immunocompromised, and in the elderly. Neutrophils, an important innate immune cell, infiltrate the lungs rapidly after an inflammatory insult. The most well-characterized effector mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host defense are largely extracellular and the involvement of neutrophils in protection from numerous bacterial and fungal infections is well established. However, the role of neutrophils in responses to viruses, which replicate intracellularly, has been less studied. It remains unclear whether and, by which underlying immunological mechanisms, neutrophils contribute to viral control or confer protection against an intracellular pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils need to be tightly regulated to avoid bystander damage to host tissues. This is especially relevant in the lung where damage to delicate alveolar structures can compromise gas exchange with life-threatening consequences. It is inherently less clear how neutrophils can contribute to host immunity to viruses without causing immunopathology and/or exacerbating disease severity. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of how neutrophils in the lung direct immune responses to viruses, control viral replication and spread, and cause pathology during respiratory viral infections.


Author(s):  
Е.Е. Краснова ◽  
В.В. Чемоданов ◽  
Е.Г. Кузнецова

Пневмония – острое инфекционно-воспалительное заболевание легких преимущественно бактериальной этиологии, характеризующееся выраженной в разной степени дыхательной недостаточностью, токсическими и респираторными нарушениями, локальными физикальными симптомами, а также инфильтративными изменениями на рентгенограмме. Заболеваемость внебольничными пневмониями повышается в октябре-декабре, достигая максимума в январе-апреле, коррелируя с сезонным повышением уровня острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Схожесть симптомов дебюта пневмонии с проявлениями острых респираторных вирусных инфекций может привести к несвоевременной ее диагностике и, как следствие, к отсроченному началу лечения. Поэтому в период сезонной заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями должна повышаться настороженность врачей-педиатров в отношении внебольничной пневмонии. Антибактериальная терапия оказывает решающее влияние на прогноз пневмонии, поэтому при достоверном диагнозе или у больного в тяжелом состоянии с вероятным диагнозом ее следует начать незамедлительно. Выбор антибиотика в каждом случае внебольничной пневмонии проводят индивидуально с учетом природной активности препаратов в отношении предполагаемого возбудителя и их возможной приобретенной резистентности, тяжести и течения заболевания, наличия у пациента противопоказаний к использованию тех или иных антибиотиков. В статье приводятся сведения о диагностических критериях внебольничных пневмоний. Рассмотрены вопросы антибактериального лечения типичной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разных возрастных групп амоксициллином с клавулановой кислотой и показана его эффективность. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют заключить, что пероральное использование одного курса защищенного аминопенициллина эффективно при лечении типичной внебольничной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разного возраста, о чем свидетельствует ликвидация основных клинических проявлений болезни в короткие сроки. Pneumonia is an acute infectious and inflammatory lung disease of predominantly bacterial etiology, characterized by respiratory failure, toxic and respiratory disorders, local physical symptoms, and infiltrative changes on the roentgenogram. The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia increases in October-December, reaching a maximum in January-April, correlating with the seasonal increase in the level of acute respiratory viral infections. The similarity of the symptoms of the onset of pneumonia with the manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections can lead to its untimely diagnosis and, as a consequence, to a delayed start of treatment. Therefore, during the period of seasonal morbidity with respiratory infections, the alertness of pediatricians in relation to community-acquired pneumonia should increase. Antibiotic therapy has a decisive influence on the prognosis of pneumonia, therefore, with a reliable diagnosis or in a patient in serious condition with a probable diagnosis, it should be started immediately. The choice of antibiotic in each case of community-acquired pneumonia is carried out individually, taking into account the natural activity of the drugs in relation to the alleged pathogen and their possible acquired resistance, the severity and course of the disease, the patient's contraindications to the use of certain antibiotics. The article provides information on the diagnostic criteria for community-acquired pneumonia. The issues of antibacterial treatment of typical non-severe pneumonia in children of different age groups with amoxicillin with clavulanic acid are considered and its effectiveness is shown. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the oral use of one course of protected aminopenicillin is effective in the treatment of typical community-acquired non-severe pneumonia in children of different ages, as evidenced by the elimination of the main clinical manifestations of the disease in a short time.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽  
N. I. Zryachkin ◽  
V. E. Mikhailova

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.


2021 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
A. V. Zolotova ◽  
M. A. Morozova

Acute respiratory viral infections are widespread in the human population. High contagiosity, a wide variety of pathogens, the possibility of rapid changes in the genotype of the virus and, accordingly,cause the development of drug resistance, make it possible to develop epidemics, and sometimes pandemics of SARS.The clinical picture of all acute respiratory diseases consists of local and general manifestations. Local symptoms include difficulty in nasal breathing, rhinorrhea, pain and discomfort in the throat, cough, hoarseness, stuffy ears, and lacrimation. General manifestations of SARS indicate the onset of viremia, and include an increase in body temperature, general weakness, fatigue, malaise, and headache. The mechanism of SARS development determines the  treatment tactics, including etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.Domestic and international clinical recommendations indicate the  possible use of  symptomatic agents for  SARS and influenza.Symptomatic treatment is one of the areas of therapy for patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections and allows you to alleviate the general condition, accelerate recovery and improve the quality of life of patients. The use of combined drugs is safer for patients thenthanmonocomponent drugs, and is safe for patients, in case the instructions for use are strictly observed. Such complex medicines, which provides control of the symptoms of colds and flu within 24 hours, as domestic drug are used for patients with SARS. Due to its components, drughas antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-allergic, angioprotective and vasoconstrictive effects. The synergism of the components of the combined drug allows to increase the effectiveness of therapy of patients with acute respiratory viral infections.


2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Kalabukhova ◽  
M.P. Radziejowska

In the article was reviewed and analyzed scientific and methodological literature on the spread of respiratory diseases in children. The existing methods of nonspecific prevention of respiratory diseases are considered by means of various modifications of breathing exercises. The influence of therapeutic physical culture as a means to stimulate the immune response in case of respiratory system disease was substantiated. Also, was analyzed organization of conducting physical education lessons for children who had respiratory diseases. The emphasis is on the need for changes in the content of physical training courses to increase the effectiveness of the fight against acute respiratory viral infections.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos C. Lee ◽  
Yunjin Jeong ◽  
Sumin Lee ◽  
Haewook Jang ◽  
Allen Zheng ◽  
...  

In addition to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, emerging viruses that cause respiratory viral infections will continue to arise. Increasing evidence suggests a delayed, possibly suppressed, type 1 interferon (IFN-I) response occurs early during COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections such as SARS and MERS. These observations prompt considering IFN-β as a prophylactic or early intervention for respiratory viral infections. A rationale for developing and testing intranasal interferon beta (IFN-β) as an immediately available intervention for new respiratory viral infections that will arise unexpectedly in the future is presented and supported by basic and clinical trial observations. IFN-β prophylaxis could limit the spread and consequences of an emerging respiratory viral infection in at-risk individuals while specific vaccines are being developed.


1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
R. A. Urazaev ◽  
M. Yu. Yakovlev

As many as 101 patients with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) aged 3 months to 3 years are examined, of these in 51 patients the disease going with bronchoobstructive syndrome. According to the level of antiendotoxinal antibodies, plasma endotoxin and that connected by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it is established that the acute period of acute respiratory viral infections with bronchoobstructive syndrome goes in the presence of pronounced cellularly connected endotoxinemy. The exact dependence is revealed between plasma endotoxin content and pronounced physical variations in respiratory organs in this form of the disease. Viral and bacterial nature of respiratory infections in children is confirmed by the assessment of the level of antiviral and antiendotoxinal antobodies. The data obtained allow suggesting the possible participation of endotoxin in genesis of bronchial obstruction in acute respiratory viral infections.


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