scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE HEATING SYSTEM OF THE DRIVER'S WORKPLACE AND THE VESSEL OF THE WINDSHIELD OF BUSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
S. Niemyi ◽  
V. Brytkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Air Supply

Introduction. One of the dominant areas of improvement of motor vehicles is to improve traffic safety. An im-portant aspect of bus safety is visibility from the driver's workplace, which largely depends on the condition of the wind-shield, especially the absence of fogging and frost, which often occurs at low ambient temperatures.Methodically, this problem is eliminated by blowing the windshield with warm air. Structurally, this is done by devices that, in addition to blowing the windshield, also supply warm air to the driver's workplace. Fogging and icing of the windshield significantly impair the visibility of the road driver, which is a great danger in the movement of the bus. Elimination of icing and fogging of windows provides an increase of visibility and guarantee of safety of driving.An important place is also occupied by the problem of reducing heating systems and blowing operating energy costs, improving the fuel economy of buses.Results. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the windshield blowing devices of the bus depending on their design features. As criteria in researches productivity of system blowing, its power consumption and level of noise loading of the driver are accepted.To select a fan with optimal characteristics when used in the device for blowing the windshield of buses and heating the driver's workplace, axial fans were tested. They are using in heating and ventilation systems of buses of different models. It is experimentally established that the fan of the Elko-A200-22 model (Italy) has the best characteris-tics. In the whole range of speed changes, the performance of this fan is much higher compared to other models of the tested fans, which, at the same time, have much higher specific energy consumption. In addition, the fan of this model is characterized by a lower noise level compared to fans of other models with the same outer diameters.Conclusions. Analysis of experimental data shows that the performance of the front heater with two fans and one fan is almost the same. At identical speed modes of operation, the productivity of two fans running in parallel is higher by only 3 ... 16.75%. When measuring the speed of air movement when blowing the windshield, it was found that the speed of blowing does not depend on the number of fans and depends on their performance and the diameter of the air supply hoses to the blowing nozzles.The reason for the lower efficiency of heaters with two fans is that at the outlet after the radiator, in the limited volume of the heater housing, two fans create a much greater aerodynamic drag (back pressure) than one fan.The use of one fan instead of two in the design of bus heaters reduces the electricity consumption of the bus and improves the working conditions of the driver by reducing the noise level at his workplace.

scholarly journals Contrasting Perspectives on the Comfort and Safety of Pedestrians Interacting with Other Road Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 2675 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Alexander Bigazzi ◽  
Gurdiljot Gill ◽  
Meghan Winters
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Road User ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Sample Representation

Assessments of interactions between road users are crucial to understanding comfort and safety. However, observers may vary in their perceptions and ratings of road user interactions. The objective of this paper is to examine how perceptions of yielding, comfort, and safety for pedestrian interactions vary among observers, ranging from members of the public to road safety experts. Video clips of pedestrian interactions with motor vehicles and bicycles were collected from 11 crosswalks and shown to three groups of participants (traffic safety experts, an engaged citizen advisory group, and members of the general public) along with questions about yielding, comfort, and risk of injury. Experts had similar views of yielding and comfort to the other two groups, but a consistently lower assessment of injury risk for pedestrians in the study. Respondent socio-demographics did not relate to perceptions of yielding, comfort, or risk, but self-reported travel habits did. Respondents who reported walking more frequently rated pedestrian comfort as lower, and respondents who reported cycling more frequently rated risk as lower for pedestrian interactions with both motor vehicles and bicycles. Findings suggest small groups of engaged citizens can provide useful information about public perspectives on safety that likely diverge from expert assessments of risk, and that sample representation should be assessed in relation to travel habits rather than socio-demographics.

scholarly journals Drunk Drivers’ Willingness to Use and to Pay for Designated Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5362
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Li-Wun Syu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Drunk Drivers ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
The Government ◽  
Willingness To Use

While drunk driving accidents, which are a serious problem in Taiwan, have decreased in recent years, cases of drunk driving continue to emerge endlessly, and are a source of traffic risks even when the accidents cause no injuries. In order to prevent drunk driving and reduce car accidents, the government has made laws stricter, and has vigorously promoted “designated drivers”. As the concept of designated drivers is not common in Taiwan, this study mainly explores drunk drivers’ understanding of designated drivers in Nantou County and Taichung City, and investigates the willingness of drunk drivers to use and to pay for designated driving services. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on the drunk drivers of the drunk driving and traffic safety training course held at the Motor Vehicles Office. Double-hurdle and tobit models were applied to investigate the issues mentioned above. According to the test results, the tobit model was superior to the double-hurdle model. The estimation results indicated that distance, age, income, family conditions, and drinking habits influence the willingness to use and to pay for designated drivers. Gender, age, family background, and experience in designated driving cause differences in the willingness to use designated drivers in the two regions. It is expected that the conclusion of this study could provide a direction and reference for the future improvement of designated driving services.

scholarly journals 40. MVCs: Five Most Frequent Sources of Injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (S2) ◽  
pp. S41-S41
Author(s):  
John E. Gough ◽  
Richard C. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
National Highway

Purpose: To determine the most frequent sources of injuries from the interior of motor vehicles involved in crashes.Methods: We searched the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's National Accident Sampling System to determine the most frequent sources of injuries. This database includes sources of injuries resulting from crashes from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992.

scholarly journals Analysis of traffic noise in a selected town and assessment of its impact on traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Wojciech Ambroszko ◽  
Krzysztof Miksiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Lower Silesia

The article discusses issues related to noise in relation to road safety. The work concerns issues of broadly conducted noise level research in Wrocław and in several cities of the Lower Silesia Voivodship. This study contains the results of noise level tests and their overview at one of the intersections in Wrocław.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Economic Performance, Electricity Consumption, and Environmental Pollutants in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wen-jie Zou ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Ting Teng ◽  
Kuei Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Finding the balance between economic development and environmental protection is a major problem for many countries around the world. Air pollution caused by economic growth has caused serious damage to humans’ living environment, and as improving energy and resource efficiencies is the first priority, many countries are targeting to move towards a sustainable environment and economic development. This study uses the modified dynamic SBM (slack-based measure) model to explore the economic efficiency and air pollutants emission efficiency in Taiwan’s counties and cities from 2012 to 2015 by taking labor, motor vehicles, and electricity consumption as inputs and average disposable income as output. Particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxide emissions (NO2), and sulfur oxide emissions (SO2) are undesirable outputs, whereas factory fixed assets are a carry-over variable, and the results show the following: (1) the regions with the best overall efficiency between 2012 and 2015 include Taipei City, Keelung City, Hsinchu City, Chiayi City, and Taitung County; (2) in counties and cities with poor overall efficiency performance, the average disposable income per household has no significant relationship with air pollutant emissions; (3) in counties and cities where overall efficiency is poor, the average efficiency of each household’s disposable income is small; and (4) except for the five counties and cities with the best overall performance, the three air pollutants in the other fourteen counties and cities are high. Overall, the air pollution of most areas needs improvement.

INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF NOISE LEVEL IN THE NORTHERN PART OF KLAIPEDA CITY/TRIUKŠMO LYGIO ŠIAURINĖJE KLAIPĖDOS MIESTO DALYJE TYRIMAI IR ĮVERTINIMAS/ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ ШУМОВОГО УРОВНЯ В СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТИ ГОРОДА КЛАЙПЕДЫ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Vaišis ◽  
Tomas Januševičius
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
June July August ◽  
The World ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
June July ◽  
July August September

The problem of noise is topical not only in Lithuania but the world over as well. The northern part of Klaipeda city is distinct for its industry and heavy traffic in the streets. Noise research was carried out in 17 selected measurement locations in the northern part of Klaipeda city. Noise measurements were taken in May, June, July, August, September, October and November. The measurements were made three times during the day: in the day time from 6 a.m. till 6 p.m., in the evening from 6 p.m. till 10 p.m. and at night from 10 p.m. till 6 a.m. The locations of the measurements are marked on the map. In order to distinguish the source of bigger noise between industry and transport, the northern part was divided into two belts. Industry is prevalent in the first belt, whereas the main troublemakers in the second belt are motor vehicles. The measured noise level is compared with permissible standards in measurement locations, where noise level is usually exceeded, and the analysis of noise levels is presented. In order to show the spread of noise in Klaipeda at all three times of the day more vividly, maps of isolines were compiled. Santrauka Triukšmas - ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir visame pasaulyje aktuali problema. Klaipedos miesto šiaurine dalis yra išskirtine savo pramone ir intensyviu eismu gatvese. Triukšmo tyrimai atlikti šiaurineje Klaipedos miesto dalyje, 17‐oje pasirinktu matavimo vietu. Triukšmas matuotas gegužes, birželio, liepos, rugpjūčio, rugsejo, spalio ir lapkričio menesiais. Matavimai atlikti trimis paros laikais: diena nuo 6–18 valandos, vakare nuo 18–22 valandos ir nakti nuo 22–6 valandos. Matavimo vietos pateiktos žemelapyje. Siekiant nustatyti, kas kelia didesni triukšma ‐ pramone ar transportas, šiaurine miesto dalis suskirstyta i dvi zonas. Pirmojoje zonoje vyrauja pramone, o antrojoje zonoje pagrindinis triukšmo šaltinis automobiliai. Išmatuotas triukšmo lygis palygintas su leistinosiomis normomis. Pateikta matavimo vietu, kuriose dažniausiai viršijamas triukšmo lygis, triukšmo lygiu analize. Siekiant aiškiau parodyti, kaip triukšmas pasiskirsto Klaipedos mieste visais trimis paros laikais, sudaryti izoliniju žemelapiai. Резюме Шум является актуальной проблемой не только в Литве, но и во всем мире. Северная часть города Клайпеды является промышленным районом с интенсивным транспортным движением. Для исследования шума в этой части города было выбрано 17 мест замера. Шум измерялся с мая по ноябрь. Измерения проводились 3 раза в разное время суток: днем в 6–18 ч, вечером в 18–22 ч и ночью в 22–6 ч. Места замеров показаны на карте. С целью установить, что является бóльшим источником шума – промышленные предприятия или транспортные средства, северная часть города была поделена на две зоны. В первой зоне преобладали промышленные предприятия, а во второй – транспорт. Измеренный уровень шума сравнивался с разрешенным нормами. Для мест замеров, в которых чаще всего уровень шума превышал норму, предлагался анализ уровня шума. Для лучшего представления о распределении шума в городе Клайпеде в разное время суток были созданы карты изолиний.

Relationship of Field Dependence and Motor-Vehicle-Accident Involvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Harano
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
California Department ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Relationship Of

A group of 28 accident and 27 accident-free drivers were requested by the California Department of Motor Vehicles to participate in a Driver Research Survey, the purpose being to evaluate the relationship between field dependence and motor-vehicle-accident involvement. The multiple regression results indicated that field dependence was significantly related to accident involvement. The results suggest that measures of perceptual style such as field dependence may hold promise for future research in traffic safety.

scholarly journals THE IMPROVEMENT CONCEPTION OF DRIVERS TRAINING AND EXAMINATION SYSTEM IN LITHUANIA / VAIRUOTOJŲ RENGIMO IR EGZAMINAVIMO SISTEMOS LIETUVOJE TOBULINIMO KONCEPCIJA / КОНЦЕПЦИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДГОТОВКИ И АТТЕСТАЦИИ ВОДИТЕЛЕЙ В ЛИТВЕ

Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdas Valiūnas ◽  
Robertas Pečeliūnas ◽  
Saulius Nagurnas ◽  
Vidas Žuraulis ◽  
Kristina Kemzūraitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Examination System

The current paper presents the structure of the drivers training and examination system existing in Lithuania and describes the interrelations between the institutions involved in the said process. In course of analysis of models of drivers training and examination systems of various countries, their advantages and imperfections are highlighted. The experience of Germany, Holland, Sweden and Great Britain in the sphere of training and examination of motor vehicles drivers is described. In the end of the paper, conclusions and recommendations for improving the quality of drivers training and examination system as well as traffic safety in Lithuania are provided. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiama dabartinės vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo sistemos Lietuvoje struktūra, nurodomi institucijų, dalyvaujančių šiame procese, tarpusavio ryšiai. Analizuojant įvairų šalių vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo modelius, išryškinami jų privalumai bei trūkumai. Aprašoma Vokietijos, Olandijos, Švedijos ir Didžiosios Britanijos patirtis kelių transporto priemonių vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo srityje. Pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos, kurias įgyvendinus įmanoma pagerinti ne tik vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo kokybę, bet ir saugų eismą Lietuvoje. Резюме Представлена структура системы подготовки и аттестации (тестирования) водителей в Литве, названы организации, участвующие в данном процессе, и их взаимосвязь. На основании проведенного анализа моделей подготовки и аттестации водителей в разных странах представлены преимущества и недостатки упомянутых моделей. Рассмотрен опыт Германии, Голландии, Швеции и Великобритании в области подготовки и аттестации водителей транспортных средств. В заключении представлены выводы и рекомендации, принятие которых будет способствовать улучшению не только качества подготовки и аттестации, но и безопасности дорожного движения в Литве.

Variable Frequency Energy-Saving Analysis of City Heat Power Station Heating System

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1319-1325
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Zhao ◽  
Li Hua
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Flow Control Valve ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Low Efficiency

In this paper, circular water pump of a thermal station in Shijiazhuang is taken as the research object of the heating system, whose energy consumption is analyzed. The circular water pump adopts variable frequency speed regulation control, which changes the waste of energy from the previous control system with flow control valve. Along with outdoor temperature change, this paper sets up the mathematical model of the operation adjustment. It is calculated by the analysis: the system can save electricity about 77500 degrees in a heating period. At the same time frequency conversion efficiency can reach 30.88 ﹪, and electricity consumption is only 0.69 of the original heating system. It changes the heating system shortcomings which are low efficiency and big energy consumption before, and improves energy efficiency.

How to Improve Road Traffic Safety Management Greatly in China: Use a Systems Perspective of Safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 40-41 ◽  
pp. 754-759
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Vision Zero

Current management of road traffic safety is featured by lower efficiency and quality in China. The paper is intended to seek a possible solution for improving the management of road traffic safety by using the systems perspective of safety from Vision Zero for reference. The situation of the management of road traffic safety is described first. Compared with traditional ideas and epidemiology-based ideas on road traffic safety, the perspective is introduced. After that, it is used in analyzing the problems in current management of road traffic safety and looking for the countermeasures for them. Different from other studies in China, the paper highlights the introduction and application of the systems perspective of safety as the leading ideas in the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document