scholarly journals The resistance of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) against Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria given moringa leaf extracts (Moringa oleifera L.) through the feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Rosidah ◽  
Ibnu Dwi Buwono ◽  
Walim Lili ◽  
Ibnu Bangkit Suryadi ◽  
Ade Reza Triandika
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

This study aims to reveal effective concentration of moringa leaf extract which is inducing body resistance of sangkuriang catfish against Aeromonas hydrophila. This study used as experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatment used in this research are the addition of Moringa leaf extract into feed with concentration of 0 ppm (A), 100 ppm (B), 125 ppm (C), 150 ppm (D), 175 ppm (E) and 200 ppm (F). Observed Parameters are total leukocyte count, increase in leukocyte, clinical sign and survival rate.  Increase in leukocyte and survival rate data were analyzed using F test and Duncan test with significance level 0,05, while clinical sign data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Moringa leaf extract was effective to induce the immune of sangkuriang catfish. The 150 ppm concentration resulted the highest total leukocyte count of 23.46 ± 6.46% and didn’t have clinical symptons after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and highest survival rate 80.0 ± 5.00%. Based on the regression analysis, 153.95 ppm of Moringa leaf extract is the optimum concentration with 95.62% on the survival of sangkuriang catfish after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi yang efektif dari ekstrak daun kelor untuk menginduksi ketahanan tubuh ikan lele sangkuriang terhadap serangan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penambahan ekstrak daun kelor ke dalam pakan dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm (A), 100 ppm (B), 125 ppm (C), 150 ppm (D), 175 ppm (E) dan 200 ppm (F). Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah total sel darah, peningkatan jumlah sel darah putih, gejala klinis, dan sintasan. Data peningkatan jumlah sel darah putih dan sintasan dianalisis menggunakan uji F dan uji jarak berganda pada taraf kepercayaan 5%, sedangkan data gejala klinis dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun kelor efektif untuk menginduksi ketahanan tubuh benih lele sangkuriang. Konsentrasi 150 ppm menghasilkan rata-rata jumlah sel darah putih tertinggi 23,46±6,46% dan setelah diuji tantang tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis, serta tingkat sintasan yang tertinggi sebesar 80,0±5,00%. Berdasarkan analisis regresi konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor memberikan pengaruh sebesar 95,62% dengan konsentrasi optimum sebesar 153,95 ppm terhadap sintasan ikan lele sangkuriang setelah di uji tantang dengan Aeromonas hydrophila.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan ekstrak daun inai (Lawsonia inermis l.) sebagai bakterisida terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila yang menginfeksi ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus)

DEPIK ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofyatuddin Karina ◽  
Mimie Saputri ◽  
Muhammad Naufal
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis

<p><strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong><em>The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of henna leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) on A. hydrophila in vitro and its effect on the survival rate of Clarias gariepinus that infected by those bacterias in vivo. The research was conducted at chemistry laboratory of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Syiah Kuala University and at Microbiology laboratory, Brackishwater aquaculture Department Center, Ujong Batee on Avril to September, 2015. The research involved in vitro test with the inhibition zone as measured parameter and in vivo test with the survival rate value as measured parameter. The treated concentrations were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of extract. The result of in vitro test showed that henna leaf extract was effective against A. hydrophila with the inhibition zone for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% extract were 5.45; 5.7; 6.5; 7.5; and 9.6 mm, respectively. The result of ANOVA test showed that henna leaf extract has a significant effect on the survival rate of catfish (P&lt;0.05). The best survival rate was obtained at 4% of extract  concentration.  </em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Aeromonas hydrophila</em>; <em>henna leaf extract; catfish</em><em></em></p><p><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun inai (<em>Lawsonia inermis L.</em>) terhadap <em>A. hydrophila</em> secara <em>in vitro</em> dan pengaruhnya secara <em>in vivo</em> terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>) yang terinfeksi bakteri ini dengan cara perendaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium kimia, FKIP Unsyiah dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Balai Budidaya Perikanan Air Payau (BBAP) Ujong Batee pada dari bulan April hingga bulan September 2015. Penelitian ini meliputi uji <em>in vitro</em> dengan parameter uji berupa zona hambat ekstrak terhadap bakteri dan uji <em>in vivo</em> dengan parameter uji berupa nilai kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang pasca perlakuan dengan ekstrak. Konsentrasi perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5%. Hasil uji <em>in vitro </em>menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun inai (<em>Lawsonia inermis </em>L.) terbukti<em> </em>efektif terhadap <em>Aeromonas hydrophila </em>dengan<em> </em>nilai zona<em> </em> hambat secara berturut-turut terhadap konsentrasi 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5%<em> </em>adalah 5,45; 5,7; 6,5; 7,5; dan 9,6 mm. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun inai berpengaruh nyata (P&lt;0,05) terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi ekstrak 4%.</p><div><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> :<strong><em> </em></strong><em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>; ekstrak daun inai; ikan lele sangkuriang   </p></div>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Potassium Diformate on Feed to Improve Immune Performance of Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Ayi Yustiati ◽  
Rima Tri Wahyuni ◽  
Achmad Rizal ◽  
Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

This research aims to determine the optimum potassium diformate (KDF) dosage which was added to feed to increase the immune status of goldfish (Carassius auratus L). This study was conducted from September 31 - November 15, 2019 at the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. The research method used is the experimental Complete Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are A (without KDF/control), B (0.1% KDF), C (0.3% KDF) and D (0.5% KDF). The observed parameters are survival rate, total leukocyte count (white blood cells), total erythrocyte count (red blood cells) and gross clinical sign. Observations were made after 30 days of KDF and post-test challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. Data on the number of total leukocyte count and total erythrocyte count were analyzed using F test and Duncan's advanced test at a 95% confidence level, while the gross clinical sign data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the KDF 0.3% was the optimum dose and was very effective in optimizing the performance of the goldfish immune system optimally, seen from the number of white blood cells and red blood cells which experienced the highest increase of 23.48% and 9.30%. After the challenge test, fish that were given KDF 0.3% had the highest survival rate of 46.67%. In addition, the process of recovering the number of white blood cells and red blood cells can be faster than other treatments, with a value of 12.85×104 cells mm3-1 and 0.96×106 cells mm3-1, marked also by the healing of clinical symptoms in the morphology of goldfish.

THE APPLICATION OF GUAJAVA LEAF EXTRACT (Psidium guajava Linnaeus) AS IMMUNOSTIMULANT OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) INFECTED BY MOTILE AEROMONAS SEPTICEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Rissa Amelia ◽  
Esti Harpeni ◽  
Hilma Putri Fidyandini
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Guava Leaf

This study aims to analyze the effect of the various concentration of guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava Linnaeus) on the prevention of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus). In a total of 150 common carp, length 9-11 cm with a density of 10 carps/aquarium. This study used a completely randomized design through 5 treatments, each treatment has 3 replications, namely (K+) consists of without guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts and without bacteria-infection Aeromonas hydrophila, (K-) consists of without guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts with bacteria-infection Aeromonas hydrophila, (A) the application of 125 ppm guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts, (B) the application of 250 ppm guava leaf extracts, (C) the application of 500 ppm guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts for 23 days. The parameters observed total of leukocytes, differensial leukocytes, hematocrit levels, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, phagocytic activity (AF), phagocytic index (IF), relative percent survival (RPS), survival rate (SR) and water quality. Data were analyzed with Anova 95% confidence interval and continued with Duncan test. The parameter also showed a significant result (P<0,05) with the application of guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts to the total leukocytes, differensial leukocytes, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and relative percent survival. The results of this research indicate the concentration of 250 ppm guava Psidium guajava leaf extracts is the optimum application to increase common carp non-spesific immune responses.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) Against Suppressor and Proinflammatory Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
◽  
Simon Widjanarko ◽  
Muhaimin Rifa'i ◽  
Yunianta Yunianta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Neem plant is rich in bioactive constituents, which make it massively discussed the treatment of various diseases. A study on the immunomodulatory activities of neem is given here. This current work aimed to investigate the effects of neem leaf extract on immunocompetent cells. In vivo experiment was carried out using mice (Mus musculus) Â induced with DMBA, comprising positive control, negative control, and treatments of neem leaf extracts (250, 500, and 1000 ppm). Data obtained from flow cytometric analysis were evaluated using BD Cellquest ProTM software, then statistically analyzed in SPSS version 21. Parametric analysis in one-way ANOVA was performed at a significance level of 5%. The significant difference was compared in the Duncan test. The results showed that administration of neem leaf extracts significantly affected the expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD62L, IL-10, and IL-17 cells .Neem leaf extract has immunomodulatory activities by increasing pressure molecules and decreasing pro-inflammatory molecules

scholarly journals Viability of Osteochilus Hasselti Padjadjaran Strain Against Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina Suryadi ◽  
Arief Hidayatullah ◽  
Rosidah ◽  
Ujang Subhan ◽  
Ayi Yustiati
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

The purpose of this research is to reveal the viability of the new strain : nilem carp padjadjaran strain that challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. The treatments are common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti) and nilem carp (O. hasselti) padjadjaran strain that intraperitoneally challenged by A. hydrophila with 108 cfu ml-1. Parameters observed are mortality hours, gross pathological symptoms and haematological profile for 24 hour. Nilem padjadjaran strain mortality reached 100% after 10th hour postchallenge, while common carp and nilem reached 100% mortality in 14th hour postchallenge. Gross pathological symptoms showed reddish lesions, abdominal dropsy and exopthalmia, with first sign of reddish lesions is appeared in nilem padjadjaran strain at 3rd hour postchallenge. Feed responses of all fish are lost in 7th hour postchallenge. Nilem padjadjaran strain has no shock responses in 9th hour postchallenge. Total erythrocyte counts of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 2,15 x 106, 2,45 x 106 dan 2,14 x 106 cells mm3-1, after 10th  hour postchallenge becomes 1,2 x 106, 1,69 x 106 dan 1,21 x 106 cells mm3 -1. Total leukocyte count of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 6,48 x 104, 7,36 x 104 and 6,56 x 104 cells mm3-1, and tend to increase  in 3rd and 7th hour postchallenge (8,8 x 104, 9,12 x 104 dan 105 cells mm3-1 and 1,26 x 105, 1,3 x 105, 1,27 x 105 cells mm3-1), but in 10th hour postchallenge the total leukocyte count becomes decreased again (1,24 x 105, 1,26 x 105, 1,18 x 105 cells mm3 -1). Thus, nilem carp padjadjaran strain has no better immune performance than its parents.

scholarly journals Konsumsi Ekstrak Daun Kelor Dalam Meningkatkan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Tri Hartati ◽  
Sunarsih Sunarsih
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

ABSTRACT: CONSUMING OF MORINGA LEAF EXTRACT IN INCREASING HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL TOWARD PREGNANT WOMAN. Introduction:Anemia rate on pregnancy in Indonesia showed quite high level that  was 3,8% on the first trimester, 13,6% on second trimester and 24,8% on the third trimester. Most of anemia whom suffered was lack of zinc which can be resolved through giving nutrition regularly and nutritive enhancement. Purpose:The purpose of this research was in knowing the influence in consuming of moringa leaf extract through increasing hemoglobin level toward pregnant woman. Method:This was a quantitative with Quasi Experimental research design and one group pretest- posttest design approach. Population in this research was pregnant woman on third semester. The amount of sample was 33 people whom gotten by using Purposive sampling technique. This research was done in M.Mataram Public Health Center, West Lampung regency,on February-August 2018. Data collecting used observation sheet and Hemoglobin Test. Bivariate data analysis used T-Test. Result: An average of hemoglobin level the third trimester pregnant woman before given Moringa Leaf extracts with mean 9.642 and deviation standard 0. 6103. After consuming Moringa Leaf extracts was gotten an average hemoglobin level pregnant woman, 10.648 and deviation standard, 0.9582.  The result of statistic test was gotten Value p- Value 0,000 < 0,005Conclusion: There was influence in consuming Moringa Leaf extracts toward enhancement of hemoglobin level on pregnant woman. Then for midwife gives counseling to pregnant woman regularly about the importance of consuming meal which is rich Fe content and Vitamin C such as moringa leaf. Key Words: Moringa Leaf, Hemoglobin Level, Pregnant Woman INTISARI: KONSUMSI EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KADAR HB PADA IBU HAMIL Latar Belakang: Angka kejadian anemia pada kehamilan di Indonesia menunjukkan nilai yang cukup tinggi yaitu 3,8% pada trimester I, 13,6% pada trimester II dan 24,8% pada trimester III. Kebanyakan anemia yang diderita adalah kekurangan zat besi yang dapat diatasi melalui pemberian zat gizi secara teratur dan peningkatan gizi.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi  ekstrak daun kelor dengan meningkatkan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Quasi Eksperimental dan pendekatan one group pretes-postes design. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah ibu hamil trimester III. Sampel berjumlah 33 orang yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive  sampling. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Puskesmas M. Mataram Kab. Lampung Selatan pada Februari – Agustus 2018.  Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan HB Test. Analisa data bivariate  menggunakan uji t-test. Hasil: Rata-rata kadar Hemoglobin ibu hamil trimester III sebelum diberikan ekstrak daun kelor dengan Mean 9.642 dan Standar Deviasi 0.6103. Sesudah mengkonsumsi ekstrak daun kelor didapatkan rata – rata kadar HB ibu hamil sebesar 10.648 dan Standar Deviasi 0.9582. Hasil uji statistic didapatkan nilai p- value 0,000 < 0,005Kesimpulan: ada pengaruh konsumsi ekstrak daun kelor terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil. Kepada bidan agar rutin memberikan penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil, tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi makanan  yang kayak kandungan Fe dan Vitamin C seperti daun kelor. Kata Kunci     :Daun Kelor, Kadar Hb,Ibu Hamil

Effects of Moringa olifera leaf extracts on growth and productivity of three leguminous crops

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Abohassan ◽  
A. O. Abusuwar
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

Different concentrations of Moringa leaf extract were used to evaluate their effects on three leguminous crops (Alfalfa and Clitoria as forage crops and Mung bean as grain legume) Three independent experiments were carried out at King Abdulaziz University Experimental Station in Makkah province during 2015 and 2016. Treatments consisted of four concentrations of Moringa leaf extract (C1=1ml of juice+10 ml of distilled water, C2=1ml of juice+20ml of distilled water, C3=1ml of juice+30 ml of distilled water and C4=1ml of juice+40 ml of distilled water) and only distilled water as control. Results showed that the higher concentration C1 contained the highest concentrations of inorganic elements and growth hormones compared to the other concentrations. Thisæ in turnæ was reflected in significantly higher growth and forage yields of both alfalfa and clitoria and significantly higher growth and grain yield of mung bean. The highest concentration C1 increased number of pods, pod dry weight, seed dry weight, and shelling out turn of mung bean compared to the control in year 2015 by 85, 60, 47 and 92%, respectively. Corresponding increments in 2016 for the same characters were 40, 47, 27 and 94%, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Organics and Inorganic on Seed Priming Techniques on Seed quality Parameters in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum)

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
N. Mounika ◽  
A. K. Chaurasia ◽  
Anitha Karkeeta
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

The experiment was following to examine the “Effect of Organics and Inorganics on Seed priming techniques on Seed quality parameters in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum)” the during of 2020-2021 at the seed testing laboratory department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini, SHUATS, Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh). Fenugreek seeds treat with a soaked seed that is T₀ (Control). Hydro priming (Soaked with distilled water for 12 hours), Botanical leaf extracts (Neem leaf extract, Moringa leaf extract, Curry leaf extract) soaked for 6 hours, Inorganic (NaCl, Kcl, KnO₃) @ 3% for 8 hours with different concentrations, on the seed of Fenugreek. Among these different treatments, all are significant. The result intimate that T₆ KnO₃ @ 3% for 8 hrs got highest and performed well with good Seedling Germination percentage as 96.5%, Root length 8.7 cm, Shoot length 9.3 cm, Seedling length 15.5 cm, Fresh weight of seedlings 1.95g, Dry weight of seedling 0.07 g, Seed vigor Index I 1495.75, Seed vigor Index II 6.755 followed by T₁₂ Moringa leaf extract @ 4% for 6 hrs as compared to other treatments. So, the Seed priming method is a low cost investment. It is beneficial to farmers. It can increase the production of the plants will be gain profit and contribute to the food supply.

scholarly journals Effect of Elephantopus Scaber Linn. leaf extract on mouse immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2045-2050
Author(s):  
Yufri Aldi ◽  
Megaraswita ◽  
Dwisari Dillasamola
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elephantopus Scaber ◽  
Leukocyte Counts

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Elephantopus Scaber Linn. ethanol extract on mouse immune system based on macrophage phagocytic activity and capacity, total leukocyte count, and distribution of each type of leukocyte. Methods: Twenty male mice were randomly assigned to four groups. Group I (control) received sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC), 0.5 %). Groups II, III, and IV were dosed orally with 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg ethanol E. scaber leaf extract, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus was injected intraperitoneally, and macrophage activity and capacity as well as leukocyte count were then measured using a counting chamber device (hemocytometer) and a 400 x microscope. Results: The effect of the leaf extract at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg was increase in macrophage activity by 46.25, 54, and 65 %, and macrophage capacity by 95.8, 105.4 and 125.8 cell/100 macrophage, respectively; total leukocyte count was 10790, 12360, and 15230 cells/µl, respectively, and lymphocyte was 34.4, 34.6, and 36 %. Thus, the leaf extract significantly increased macrophage activity and capacity, as well as segmented neutrophils, and mice total leukocyte counts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of E scaber leaf extract increases macrophage activity and capacity, as well as total leukocyte count in mouse; therefore, this extract may provide a highly effective approach for boosting immunity.

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