scholarly journals Effects of Perinatal and Neonatal Sodium Nitrite on Serum Levels of Uric Acid, Urea, Creatinine, and Tissue Structure of Rats’ Offspring Kidneys

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Razieh Sanjari ◽  
◽  
Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Neonatal Administration

Aims: Sodium nitrite is a food preservative that can endanger human health. This study aimed to investigate the perinatal and neonatal effects of sodium nitrite on the functional and tissue structure of rats’ offspring kidneys. Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 56 female rats were divided into seven groups (n=8): control, perinatal and neonatal control groups, experimental groups 1 and 2 perinatal and neonatal (under oral treatment of doses of 90 and 180 mg/kg sodium nitrite during pregnancy and lactation). At the end of infancy, 8 offspring of rats were randomly selected from each group. After blood sampling, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels were measured, and by extracting their kidneys, histopathological evaluation was performed. Findings: Perinatal and neonatal administration of 90 and 180 mg/kg sodium nitrite impaired renal tissue structure and significantly increased serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels (P<0.001) in rats’ offspring compared to those in the control groups. Conclusion: Sodium nitrite consumption during pregnancy and lactation increases the serum levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine by changing the tissue structure of the offspring kidneys.

scholarly journals Effect of Betaine on Hepatic and Renal Functions in Acrylamide Treated Rats.

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Sadiq Jaffer Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Functional Changes

This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative role of betaine on hepatic and renal dysfunction caused by acrylamide in female rats. Thirty two (32) adult female rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) and were treated for (65) days as following: Group G1 (Control group), G2: rats were intubated 250mg/kg B.W of betaine; animals in group G3 were intubated 1mg/kg B.W of acrylamide, in addition to acrylamide. 250mg/kg B.W of betaine were administered orally to rats in groups G4. Fasting (8-12 hrs.) blood samples were collected by cardio puncture technique at the end of the experiment, serum were collected for measuring the following parameters A: liver enzyme makers; serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)  B; renal function parameters including: serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration. The hepato and renal protective effect of betaine was clarified in groups (G2 and G4) manifested by significant decrease in serum, ALT, AST and ALP activity, as well as  significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration comparing to acrylamide (G3) treated group. Such functional changes were accompanied with structural (histopathological) alteration in hepatic and renal tissue. In conclusion, the results of the current study documented the negative effect of acrylamide on liver and kidney function and documented hepatorenal protective effect of betaine.

Stress-induced prolactin release in female, male and androgenized rats: influence of progesterone treatment

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Jahn ◽  
R. P. Deis
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Serum Progesterone

ABSTRACT Ether stress applied at 10.00 h induced a 100% increase in serum prolactin in intact and ovariectomized androgenized rats. Ovariectomy significantly diminished the basal serum prolactin values observed in intact androgenized rats. Two doses of progesterone (5 mg) given to intact and ovariectomized androgenized rats 14 and 2 h before exposure to ether stress increased prolactin values in the control groups but completely prevented the effect of stress. Exposure to ether stress induced a 100% increase in serum prolactin values in androgenized rats with increased serum progesterone levels 4 days after the induction of ovulation and the luteal phase with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). A group of androgenized rats with induced maternal behaviour and which had been suckled for 6 days was given 100 i.u. hCG and suckled for another 6 days after the hCG-induced luteal phase had been established. The serum prolactin and progesterone values of these rats were significantly higher than those treated with hCG only and ether stress did not increase prolactin release. A greatly increased serum concentration of prolactin was obtained in pro-oestrous and oestrous virgin rats after exposure to ether stress. Serum prolactin was also increased by stress in male rats. Progesterone administration to these female and male rats prevented stress-induced prolactin release. To ascertain the part played by dopamine and serotonin in the effect of stress on prolactin release, groups of androgenized and oestrous female rats were treated with bromocriptine or p-chlorophenylalanine methylester hydrochloride (pCPA). The dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine markedly reduced prolactin levels in the unstressed androgenized rats, but did not prevent the prolactin increases induced by stress. Administration of pCPA had no effect on basal or stress-increased serum levels of prolactin. It is concluded that modifications of the ovarian steroid secretions, especially of progesterone, has profound effects on prolactin release in response to ether stress. The release of the hormone was not mediated by a dopaminergic or serotonergic regulatory pathway. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 423–428

ADRENERGIC INPUTS TO THE AMYGDALA AND THE CONTROL OF GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Borrell ◽  
Flavio Piva ◽  
Luciano Martini
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Dopaminergic Drug ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Drugs able to mimic or to antagonize the action of catecholamines have been implanted bilaterally into the basomedial region of the amygdala of adult castrated female rats. The animals were killed at different intervals after the implantation of the different drugs, and serum levels of LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results have shown that the intra-amygdalar implantation of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine induces a significant increase of the release both of LH and FSH. The implantation of the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol brings about a rise of LH only. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide stimulates the release of LH and exerts a biphasic effect (stimulation followed by inhibition) of FSH secretion. The alpha-receptor stimulant clonidine and the dopaminergic drug 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine were without significant effects. From these observations it is suggested that the adrenergic signals reaching the basomedial area of the amygdala (possibly from the brain stem) may be involved in the modulation of gonadotrophin secretion.

Effects of ageing and exogenous melatonin on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in rats

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Diaz ◽  
D Pazo ◽  
AI Esquifino ◽  
B Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of age and melatonin on the activity of the neuroendocrine reproductive system was studied in young cyclic (3-5 months-old), and old acyclic (23-25 month-old) female rats. Pituitary responsiveness to a bolus of GnRH (50 ng per 100 g body weight) was assessed at both reproductive stages in control and melatonin-treated (150 micrograms melatonin per 100 g body weight each day for 1 month) groups. After this experiment, female rats were treated for another month to study the influence of ageing and melatonin on the reproductive axis. Plasma LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone were measured. A positive LH response to GnRH was observed in both control groups (cyclic and acyclic). However, a response of greater magnitude was observed in old acyclic rats. Melatonin treatment reduced this increased response in acyclic rats and produced a pituitary responsiveness similar to that of young cyclic rats. FSH secretion was independent of GnRH administration in all groups, indicating desynchronization between LH and FSH secretion in response to GnRH in young animals and during senescence. No effect on prolactin was observed. Significantly higher LH (3009.11 +/- 1275.08 pg ml(-1); P < 0.05) and FSH concentrations (5879.28 +/- 1631.68 pg ml(-1); P < 0.01) were seen in acyclic control rats. After melatonin treatment, LH (811.11 +/- 89.71 pg ml(-1)) and FSH concentrations (2070 +/- 301.62 pg ml(-1)) decreased to amounts similar to those observed in young cyclic rats. However, plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were not reduced. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that, during ageing, the effect of melatonin is exerted primarily at the hypothalamo-pituitary axis rather than on the ovary. Melatonin restored the basal concentrations of pituitary hormones and pituitary responsiveness to similar values to those observed in young rats.

Study Upon the Serum Level of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066
Author(s):  
Maria Rada ◽  
Delia Berceanu-Vaduva ◽  
Milan Velimirovici ◽  
Simona Dragan ◽  
Daniel Duda-Seiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

The serum level of uric acid (UA) appears to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, direct association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum levels of UA and the components that define MetS, differentiated by gender. 262 patients were enrolled (132 women and 130 men); mean value of the age: 58.7�16 year. Hyperuricemia was considered when the level of serum UA �7mg/dL in men, and � 6mg/dL in women; MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS in the studied group was 35.11% and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.79%. Men with hyperuricemia had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.5% vs. 66.32%, p [0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (65.62% vs. 45.91%, p [ 0.001) versus men with normal level of serum UA. Women with hyperuricemia also had a significantly higher incidence of abdominal obesity (75% vs. 57.51%, p [0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (58.33% vs. 38.33%, p [0.001), decreased HDL (50% vs. 33.33%, p [0.001) and hyperglycemia (66.66% versus 50%, p [0.001) compared to those with normal levels of serum UA. The majority of men with hyperuricemia have more than 4 of the MetS components. Hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence in patients with MetS, it may be considered as a causal factor of MetS. Elevated levels of serum uric acid were significantly more associated with the increasing number of MetS components. Early detection and treatment of hyperuricemia is essential for preventing the metabolic syndrome and its complications.

scholarly journals Oligoclonal bands and levels of interleukin 4, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in idiopathic intracranial hypertension Egyptian patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. El-Tamawy ◽  
Maha A. Zaki ◽  
Laila A. Rashed ◽  
Eman H. Esmail ◽  
Shaimaa Shaheen Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder of unknown pathophysiology with many proposed theories that involve CSF dynamics but recently, involvement of inflammatory and autoimmune processes has been postulated. Objectives To investigate presence of oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum cytokine level in patients with IIH. Methods This study was conducted on 27 IIH female patients and 21 age- and sex-matched control groups. Patient and control groups were subjected to measurement of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in serum, and CSF oligoclonal bands was measured in the IIH patient group. Body mass index (BMI) was measured to both patients and control. Results Serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TNF alpha were significantly higher in IIH patients than controls (p <  0.001); 22% of IIH patients had positive OCB in CSF. There was a statistically significant difference regarding TNF-α level in OCB-positive and OCB-negative patients being higher in positive patients. No statistically significant correlation was found between serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and BMI. Conclusion Autoimmune inflammatory process may play a role in pathophysiology of IIH.

scholarly journals Reduction in circulating vitamin D binding protein in patients with multiple sclerosis

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhila Maghbooli ◽  
Abolfazl Omidifar ◽  
Tarlan Varzandi ◽  
Tayebeh Salehnezhad ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to determine the risk association between vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a MS biobank and the difference in VDBP serum levels in MS patients who were recently diagnosed. Method The current case-control study was performed on 296 MS patients and 313 controls. Thereafter, two common missense VDBP polymorphisms, named rs7041and rs4588, were evaluated in all the participants. Serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein were assessed in 77 MS patients who were diagnosed since one year ago and in 67 healthy people who were matched in terms of age and sex. Result The frequency distributions of VDBP genotypes and alleles of SNP rs7041 and rs4588 were observed to be similar in both the MS and control groups (p > 0.05). The VDBP haplotypes, as Gc2/Gc2, Gc1/Gc1, and Gc1/Gc2, were found to be similar in the MS and control groups (p > 0.05). In subgroup analysis, circulating VDBP was lower in MS patients (Ln-VDBP (μgr/ml): 3.64 ± 0.91 vs. 5.31 ± 0.77, p = 0.0001) even after adjusting for vitamin D levels, body mass index, and taking vitamin D supplement. There was no significant association between VDBP haplotypes and vitamin D levels in the two groups. Conclusion The present study suggested an association between lower levels of circulating VDBP and multiple sclerosis in newly diagnosed patients. However, the VDBP causative role in the development of MS is still unclear, so it needs more studies.

scholarly journals Serum uric acid, disease severity and outcomes in COVID-19

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inès Dufour ◽  
Alexis Werion ◽  
Leila Belkhir ◽  
Anastazja Wisniewska ◽  
Marie Perrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Kidney Proximal Tubule ◽  
Urate Transporter ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly variable between individuals, ranging from asymptomatic infection to critical disease with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation. Such variability stresses the need for novel biomarkers associated with disease outcome. As SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a kidney proximal tubule dysfunction with urinary loss of uric acid, we hypothesized that low serum levels of uric acid (hypouricemia) may be associated with severity and outcome of COVID-19. Methods In a retrospective study using two independent cohorts, we investigated and validated the prevalence, kinetics and clinical correlates of hypouricemia among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 to a large academic hospital in Brussels, Belgium. Survival analyses using Cox regression and a competing risk approach assessed the time to mechanical ventilation and/or death. Confocal microscopy assessed the expression of urate transporter URAT1 in kidney proximal tubule cells from patients who died from COVID-19. Results The discovery and validation cohorts included 192 and 325 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, respectively. Out of the 517 patients, 274 (53%) had severe and 92 (18%) critical COVID-19. In both cohorts, the prevalence of hypouricemia increased from 6% upon admission to 20% within the first days of hospitalization for COVID-19, contrasting with a very rare occurrence (< 1%) before hospitalization for COVID-19. During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 148 days (50–168), 61 (12%) patients required mechanical ventilation and 93 (18%) died. In both cohorts considered separately and in pooled analyses, low serum levels of uric acid were strongly associated with disease severity (linear trend, P < 0.001) and with progression to death and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in Cox (adjusted hazard ratio 5.3, 95% confidence interval 3.6–7.8, P < 0.001) or competing risks (adjusted hazard ratio 20.8, 95% confidence interval 10.4–41.4, P < 0.001) models. At the structural level, kidneys from patients with COVID-19 showed a major reduction in urate transporter URAT1 expression in the brush border of proximal tubules. Conclusions Among patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, low serum levels of uric acid are common and associate with disease severity and with progression to respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.

Effect of low doses of continuously administered catecholoestrogens on peripheral and central target organs

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ball ◽  
Günter Emons ◽  
Ulrich Gethmann
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Lh Release

Abstract. Osmotic minipumps containing low doses of either 4-hydroxyoestradiol or 2-hydroxyoestradiol2) were sc implanted for 152 h (6⅓ day) into immature male and female rats. At the end of the test period the animals were killed and the uterine weight, the vaginal opening, the gonadotrophin serum levels and the gonadal weight monitored. The following results were obtained: 1) a significant increase in the uterine weight and a consistent vaginal opening were observed after 4-hydroxyoestradiol but not after 2-hydroxyoestradiol treatment, 2) LH-levels increased after 2-hydroxyoestradiol but not after 4-hydroxyoestradiol; the increase was, however, not significant, 3) FSH-levels and gonadal weights were lowered by 4-hydroxyoestradiol treatment in male animals only; 2-hydroxyoestradiol had no effect on FSH-levels in both sexes, 4) in no instance an antioestrogenic effect of either catecholoestrogen was observed. It is concluded that 4-hydroxyoestrogens — using the above paradigm — have a significant importance on uterine growth and vaginal opening but (on day 6) no role on LH-release, whereas 2-hydroxyoestrogens may increase LH levels (on day 6) but are nearly ineffective with respect to peripheral parameters.

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