scholarly journals ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ В ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАДАХ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ: ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ПРОЕКТУ

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Михайло Васильович Плєтньов
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Military ◽  
Main Material

The need to implement a project to provide scientific support for financial planning for the development of territorial communities in eastern Ukraine is due to the presence of major risks arising from the military conflict and the COVID pandemic. The implementation of the project on decentralization of fiscal processes in territorial communities in the East of Ukraine will help communities to orientate in financial planning, as well as will benefit other stakeholders. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the project on the need and possibility of scientific support for the decentralization of fiscal processes in territorial communities in eastern Ukraine. The object of research - territorial communities in eastern Ukraine. Methods used in the study: comparative and expert analysis, detailing and generalization. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the project to decentralize fiscal processes in local communities in eastern Ukraine should be implemented by experts - economists and lawyers in the number of six people who will perform the proposed list of scientific and analytical work within - six months. Presentation of the main material: in order to intensify the process of decentralization of fiscal processes in territorial communities in eastern Ukraine, it is appropriate to implement a project involving the formation of a group of experts (economists and lawyers), logical and related research to be carried out by specific experts. which should get the appropriate results. The proposals developed by experts will create sustainable financial mechanisms that will help reduce the risk of disasters at the community level. The originality and practical significance of the study lies in the proposal to involve in the project relevant specialists who must perform the established list of scientific and analytical work and obtain concrete results. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Substantiation of the project on the need and possibility of scientific support for decentralization of fiscal processes in local communities in eastern Ukraine led to the conclusion that the project will help local communities in eastern Ukraine to understand the features of financial planning, as well as benefit other stakeholders. financial opportunities and sources of development of territorial communities in order to strengthen their economic potential. The proposals developed by experts will create sustainable financial mechanisms that will help reduce the risk of disasters at the community level. Further research should be aimed at implementing the proposed proposals and evaluating their effectiveness.

Civil–Military Relations and Human Rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2110068
Author(s):  
Sam R. Bell ◽  
K. Chad Clay ◽  
Ghashia Kiyani ◽  
Amanda Murdie
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Principal Agent Theory ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Agent Theory ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military

Do civil–military relations influence human rights practices? Building on principal–agent theory, we argue that civilian–military relations, instead of having an effect on mean levels of repression, will be associated with the dispersion in human rights practices. States where there is less control of the military or more conflict between civilian and military leadership will see a wider range of human rights practices. We test our hypotheses quantitatively on a global sample of countries, using updated data on civil–military relations and find evidence that civil–military conflict and lack of control increase the variance in human right practices.

Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and Syria in Various Scenarios of Military Conflict Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Alheder Haled
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

The paper is devoted to determining the prospects for cooperation between Russia and the Syrian Arab Republic in various scenarios of military conflicts. In order to identify the relationship between the success of the country's foreign economic policy and the military conflicts waged on its territory, a study was conducted of such indicators of Syria as: the growth rate of the peace index and the GDP growth rate. A strong inverse correlation is revealed, which means that the level of political situation and peace in the state determines the efficiency of the economy. In view of this, various scenarios of the development of the military conflict in Syria have been studied: at the initial stage, at the stage of active hostilities, at the present stage of overcoming the crisis. The last stage involves four different scenarios for the development of a military conflict, including a local nature and a protracted nature with the involvement of other countries of the world. Options for developing cooperation between Russia and Syria have been identified for each scenario. Taking into account the assessment of the international political situation, the two most likely scenarios for further military events in Syria are identified, and the prospects for cooperation between Russia and Syria in these conditions are outlined.

scholarly journals Political Economy Theories in the Context of Defence Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Palavenis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Defence Industry ◽  
The Military

Object of the analysis. Increasing defence expenditures bring back a discussion weather the national defence industry is necessary to sustain economic welfare of a country, boosts innovations and enhances own military sector. Investigation problem. The use of political economy theories in that case could facilitate further research steps and guide scientists that will look for a precise answer to this issue. The aim of this manuscript is to review political economy theories that can be used in defining defence industry as such, and consider practical applicability options of different methodological approaches in the context of defence industry. To reach this aim, following objectives were designed: 1. Describe political economy phenomena and define its evolution; 2. Evaluate traditions of political economy and define their practical significance; 3. Assess methods used in actual analysis of defence industry and define the main findings. Research methods. While writing this article, the comparative literature analysis method was used. The famous scientists such as R. Abdelal, C., Adam, S. Dercon, G. Agostino, J. P. Dunne, L. Pieroni, M. Blyth, G. Browning, A. Kilmister, J. P. Dunne, E. Skons, D. Braddon, A. Gilpin, A. Goldstein, R. Jacson, G. Sorensen, S. Jevons, R. O. Keohane, C. W. Mitchell, I. D. Salavrakos, A. Sen and R. M. Smith were cited and referenced. All used literature is referenced. This article is structured into two big parts. The first part is devoted to the analysis of political economy subject itself and its approaches towards empirical research. The second part is designed to reveal possible application options of different theoretical political economy approaches in the context of defence industry. Outcomes and conclusions. In the context of current analysis of different political economy theories, different approaches on methodology, analytical side, linkage with defence industry, defence spending and possible insights about investigation possibilities the following conclusions were found: Political economy that originated in the XVII–XVIIIth century and currently is adopting different theoretical approaches in most cases is still relying on “grand” theories such as realism (mercantilism), liberalism, and Marxism. The existing variety of research methodologies and tools suggests the “correct” way to examine features of situation based on selected theory. Researches should be aware that even a proper methodology does not guaranty the reliability of research results due to the complexity of political economy subject itself and its interdependency to both political and economic science features. There are different scholars explaining trends and proposing different theoretical approaches to analyse defence sector and its connections (influence) with state. Current dynamics of defence industry led to renewed debates over whether the increase of the military expenditure enhances or deteriorates economic growth and welfare of the state. There have been numerous studies done in defining military expenditure (also research and development programs in the military sector) impact on local and state economies. Regardless of different methodologies used (econometric analyses, macro econometric models, time series models, demand side model, supply side model, cross-country correlation analyses and historical case study) there was no strong evidence that military expenditure is likely to have the negative economic effects on states. Keywords: political economy, defence industry, military expenditure, defence.

scholarly journals Logistics and financial regulation of the defense-industrial complex in the system of troops

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Denys Lisovenko ◽  
Nadiia Burdeina ◽  
Oleksandr Fedchenko ◽  
Stanislav Nikul ◽  
Viacheslav Holovan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The Military

The study is devoted to the problem of financial regulation of the defense industry and the provision of troops, as the escalation of the military conflict in eastern Ukraine has revealed shortcomings in this area. A comparative analysis of NATO and Ukraine’s defense spending was conducted and differences in the cost structure were identified. The tendency of Ukraine’s defense spending to gradually approach the structure of NATO defense spending is pointed out, but the insufficient level of this approach is also taken into account. The analysis allowed to identify problematic issues and inconsistencies in the financial regulation of the defense industry. The state of export of defense equipment and technologies as a possible source of financing of defense enterprises is analyzed. The existence of two opposite trends in the financial regulation of military logistics has been identified: both an increase in funding in absolute terms and a reduction in the share of the total amount for the implementation of the unified logistics system of the State Armed Forces Development Program. The developed mathematical model of supply of military units is suitable for use in information systems of logistical support of troops.

scholarly journals Features of detection and obtaining evidence of war crimes committed in the context of international armed conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Ihor Tataryn ◽  
Yuliia Komissarchuk ◽  
Yurii Dmytryk ◽  
Mariia Maistrenko ◽  
Olha Rymarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
The Military

The scientific article is devoted to a comprehensive understanding of international legal, procedural, and organizational problems of investigation of war crimes committed during the military conflict in the south and east of Ukraine. It develops the author's concept of investigation of war crimes committed during the armed conflict, scientifically substantiated theoretical provisions and specific patterns that are manifested in the field of legal support, organization of investigation, collection of evidence, methods of investigation of crimes of this type. It is concluded that there is a need to specify the components of war crimes in national legislation. Recommendations for further improvement of criminal and criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine in order to fulfill the state's international obligations in the field of international humanitarian law are given.

scholarly journals Quaternary volcanic ash of Kharkiv region

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Molecular Water ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Phlegraean Fields ◽  
Eolian Origin ◽  
Main Material

Formulation of the problem. The article is devoted to detail geological and mineralogical description of quaternary volcanic ash in Kharkiv region. The purpose of the article is to ground its origin. Presentation of the main material. Quaternary volcanic ash was discovered in Kharkiv region in the middle of last century. There are a few Late Neo-Pleistocene deposits of volcanic ash in Kharkiv region now. They are located in Kharkiv and near such villages as Russki Tishki, Novoselivka, Levkivka, Donetzke and Krasnokutsk. Such deposits of volcanic ash were found in the neighboring regions of the Eastern Ukraine - Lugansk, Donetsk, Dnieperpetrovsk and some other regions. Volcanic ash forms the elongated lenticular deposits in the loess loam strata. The contact of ash beds is clear with underlying loess and gradual with overlying loess. The ash lies 3-5 m below the surface of loess. These ashes are light-grey with feeble yellow or brown shades. Its thickness is up to 0.4 m. The particles of the ash are volcanic colourless isotropic glass with refraction index 1,517. Its forms are various. Plate isometric and elongated ash particles with even straight or cambered sides are the most widespread. Predominance of 0.005-0.1 mm particles in this ash rocks is confirmed by the results of mechanical analyses. This tephra is badly sorted. Their sort factor is 4.2-5.9. The ash deposits were formed by wind transportation of ash particles to wind shadow zones. The results of X-ray investigation are typical for glass. IR-spectra investigation revealed molecular water and hydroxyl groups in the volcanic ash. Chemical composition of the volcanic ash of Kharkiv region is characterized by the average percentage of SiO2 – 58.88, Al2O3 – 18.79, Na2O – 5.03, K2O – 6.30, Na2O+K2O – 11.33. Relation of Na2O to K2O is 0.80 and Na2O+K2O to Al2O3 is 0.60. It corresponds to trachyte and phonolite and is confirmed by the refraction index of glass particles. The volcanic glass particles are angular and non-rounded. This fact signifies the eolian origin of ash deposits. Moreover, numerous manifestations of volcanic ash scattered in loess loams are found in Kharkiv region. These loams contain only a few per cents of poorly rounded volcanic ash particles. The loess loams with scattered volcanic ash and volcanic ash deposits belong to the same stratigraphic datum - to the Bugskij horizon, which correspond to Wurmian stage. Conclusions. All tephra deposits of Kharkiv region are in the ash plume of the super-eruption, which occurred in Southern Italy about 39280 years ago (Campanian Ignimbrite eruption). Kharkiv objects fill territory in this plume between the ash depositions of Romania and Russian Voronezh region. They are similar to all other tephra localities of this plume. The volcanic ash was taken by air from the Phlegraean Fields though the distance between Kharkiv and this volcano is over 2000 km. Scientific novelty and practical significance. We can affirm that Kharkiv ash deposits are the result of distant ashfall of Phlegraean Fields super-eruption. The volcanic ash is a horizon marker in the Neo-Pleistocene strata and a datum mark for archaeological study of the Paleolithic cultures. Volcanic ash is a remarkable component of Kharkiv region geological monuments. Russki Tishki locality of volcanic ash is the best object in Kharkiv region. It is situated in 22 km north from Kharkiv. These geological sights have been used as objects of scientific tourism and native land study. Their protection is of highly necessity.

scholarly journals TOURISM AND COMMUNITY. A STUDY OF COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM IN MANDALA WISATA WANARA WANA UBUD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Putu Puja ◽  
Putu Ayu Aryasih
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Tourism Activity

Community Based Tourism (CBT) is a tourism activity, a community that is owned and operated, and is managed or coordinated at the community level that contributes to community welfare through sustained livelihood support and protects socio-cultural traditions and resources valuable natural and cultural heritage. The analysis was conducted to analyse the results of interviews with local communities and Monkey Forest’s management regarding the management of tourist attraction based on community. Data is presented in the form of a description to see the community based tourism in managing Monkey Forest. This qualitative study aims to analyze the community in managing tourism attraction of Mandala Wisata Wanara Ubud (Monkey Forest) through community based tourism.

scholarly journals Responses of a Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Service During Military Conflict Versus COVID-19: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Jaffe ◽  
Roman Sonkin ◽  
Evan Avraham Alpert ◽  
Erik Zerath
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Comparative Cohort Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Military ◽  
Conflict Period

ABSTRACT Background Decreases in routine healthcare practices have been shown to occur during disasters. However, research regarding the impacts of natural disasters, pandemics, or military conflicts on emergency medical services (EMS) is scarce. Objectives This study assessed the impact of a military conflict versus the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on a national EMS organization in terms of responses to overall daily emergencies, medical illnesses, motor vehicle collisions, and other injuries. Methods This retrospective comparative cohort study assessed daily routine emergency ambulance calls to Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel’s national EMS organization. This included overall emergency calls as well as those related to medical illnesses, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), and other injuries. All data were obtained from the MDA command and control database. During the military conflict Operation Protective Edge (2014), the civilian population was subjected to intensive rocket attacks for 24 days, followed by 26 days of a progressive withdrawal of operations and then to a post-conflict period. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020), the population was subjected to 32 days of total lockdown, followed by 27 days of progressive relief of confinement, and then to a post-lockdown period. Results The total number of emergency calls in this study was 330,430. During the conflict, the mean number of daily calls decreased, followed by an increase during Relief and Post-Conflict with higher values in Post-Conflict than in Pre-Conflict. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in the mean daily number of calls during Lockdown. It remained low during Relief and increased during Post-Lockdown. However, it remained lower in Post-Lockdown than during Pre-Lockdown. Calls related to medical illnesses decreased during the conflict and during the lockdown. The post-conflict period was characterized by a similar baseline call magnitude but not during the post-lockdown period. Decreases in calls for MVC and other injuries were significant during the lockdown but not during the military conflict. Post-lockdown was accompanied by return to baseline call volumes for MVC, whereas calls for other injuries increased above baseline both after the lockdown and military conflict. Conclusion This study shows decreasing trends in routine daily calls for EMS during both Operation Protective Edge and COVID-19. However, different patterns of needs for EMS were evidenced for medical illnesses, MVC, or calls concerning other injuries. These results are instrumental for managing the operational demands of EMS during military conflicts and pandemics.

THE CONCEPT OF ENEMY: REPRESENTATION IN THE UKRAINIAN MILITARY DOCUMENTARIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Chervinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Creative Space ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

Research methodology. The following methods were used in this research: general scientific methods (descriptive, analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special (structural, hermeneutic, narrative, method of content analysis). We identified words related to the concept of the enemy and determined the context in which they are used by the authors of the collections Results. The formats of reflection of military reality in collections of military documentaries are investigated. It is emphasized that the authors-observers of events as professional communicators form a vision of events based on categories understandable to the audience – «own» and «others». Instead, the authors-participants go events have more creative space and pay more attention to their own emotional state and reflections. It is defined how the enemy is depicted and what place he occupies in the military reality represented by the authors. It is emphasized that the authors reflect the enemy in different ways. In particular, the authors-observers of the events tried to form a comprehensive vision of the events, and therefore paid much attention to the opposite side of the military conflict. Authors-participants of the events tend to show the enemy as a mass to be opposed. In such collections, the enemy is specified only in the presence of evidence confirming the presence of Russians or militants. Novelty. The research for the first time investigates the methods of representation of mi­litary activity in the collections of Ukrainian military documentaries. The article is devoted to the analysis of how the authors represent the enemy. Practical importance. The analysis of collections of military documentaries will allow to study the phenomenon of war and to trace the peculiarities of the authors’ representation of military reality.

scholarly journals The Consequences of the Military Conflict in Eastern Ukraine, Its Impact on International Investment Attractiveness, Economic and Demographic Development in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Dmytro Vasylkivskyi ◽  
Serhii Matiukh ◽  
Olha Matviiets ◽  
Ihor Lapshyn ◽  
Vitalina Babenko
Keyword(s):  
International Investment ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The conflict in the Eastern part of Ukraine and the growing geopolitical tensions have had a significant impact on the economy and society of the country. As a result, it deepened the recession and diverged from the planned development indicators. In particular, this concerns international reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine and the country's budget deficit. Multilateral economic changes, exacerbated by the impact of hostilities in the Eastern part of the country have transformed the structure of socio-demographic processes in Ukraine. Armed confrontation causes a continuous deterioration of demographic and economic indicators of development not only of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, but also has an impact on the whole country. This confrontation is also accompanied by the loss (destruction, theft, etc.) of public assets. The estimated cost of destroyed components of industrial, communal, social, transport, energy and other infrastructure are indicative due to the inability to inspect objects located within the territory controlled by terrorist groups. The conflict has also affected the investment attractiveness of the country, which accelerates the creation of a depressed nature of country’s development. Therefore, in the context of hostility in the Eastern Ukraine, it is important to understand and study its destabilizing impact, not only on domestic economic and demographic indicators, but also on the volume of foreign investment, which will allow us to understand the level of country’s involvement in the global investment space and the real impact of military action on the population and on international economic affairs of Ukraine. As a result of this scientific research, the population and GDP forecast have been conducted. It is worth noting that the forecast itself based on regression mathematical modelling which includes past data and can be accurate if current conditions are stable in the future.

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