scholarly journals JONAS HANWAY AND LOUIS BAZIN ON THE DAGESTAN CAMPAIGN OF NADIR SHAH 1741-43.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-572
Author(s):  
Makhach A. Musaev ◽  
Ibragim M. Abakarov
Keyword(s):  
Information Resources ◽  
French Language ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
British Trade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fourth Volume ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Analysis Of Narratives

The campaigns of Nadir Shah's troops in Dagestan are devoted to several specialized studies published in the form of monographs, many articles, the preparation of which involved a wide range of sources and diverse literature. At the same time, it cannot be said that it is exhaustive. Interesting information resources about the events of 1741-43 in Dagestan, still not properly studied, include information from Europeans who visited the region in the 30s-40s of the XVIII century. Among those who left written evidence, the Englishman Jonas Hanway and the Frenchman Louis Bazin, who were well acquainted with each other. The first of them published a four-volume collection "Historical account of British trade through the Caspian sea" (London, 1753). The fourth volume contains interesting information about the campaign of Nadir Shah. The events of 1741-43 in Dagestan are described in Chapter XXIX, parts of which are translated from English in this article. The second of them in his letter, written in 1751, describes the events, which he witnessed, because he was in Derbent at the time of arrival there Nadir Shah. The article contains a translation of a passage of a letter from the French language, published in "Instructive and curious letters" (Paris, 1780). The analysis of narratives showed that Bazin's stories served as the main source for Hanway. At the same time he had messages from Europeans who were in the Russian and Persian service, from the Russian military and government officials and, possibly, Persian subjects, which allowed him to make a more informative message.

scholarly journals Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110165
Author(s):  
Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽  
Fatemeh Ranjbaran ◽  
Asghar Sattari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.

scholarly journals The Regional Role of Russia after Military Aid to Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saher Ahmad Al-Qteishat
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Western Model ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
The Arab Spring

One of the most important goals of Russian foreign policy during Vladimir Putins presidency is to strengthen Russian influence in the Caucasus region and Central Asia, as well as to develop relations with such countries as Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia. The Russian government has always expressed concern about the so-called color revolutions that took place in Ukraine, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan, as well as the fact that many of them were supported by Western forces. Russia believes that the events of the Arab Spring are in some way similar to the aforementioned revolutions, and that with the support of the West they could bring Islamists to power, which is a dangerous model not only for the countries of the region and the countries neighboring Russia, but also for Russia itself. For these reasons, in the Syrian conflict, Moscow sought to preserve the Assad regime, because believes that the Western model in solving regional problems can lead to the general chaos, like it was, for example, in the Iraqi and Libyan models. Despite the difficulties faced by government officials in Syria since the beginning of the civil war, and thanks to Russian military assistance and reforms, Syria preserved the legitimate regime and did not allow destroying all state institutions. Participation in the Syrian conflict brought Russia a significant role in the region and allowed it to become a successful mediator in most regional issues, as well as to strengthen its economic and political relations with the most important players in the region, as Turkey, Iran, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Passive acoustic methods for tracking the 3D movements of small cetaceans around marine structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Gillespie ◽  
Laura Palmer ◽  
Jamie Macaulay ◽  
Carol Sparling ◽  
Gordon Hastie
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tidal Turbine ◽  
Passive Acoustic

AbstractA wide range of anthropogenic structures exist in the marine environment with the extent of these set to increase as the global offshore renewable energy industry grows. Many of these pose acute risks to marine wildlife; for example, tidal energy generators have the potential to injure or kill seals and small cetaceans through collisions with moving turbine parts. Information on fine scale behaviour of animals close to operational turbines is required to understand the likely impact of these new technologies. There are inherent challenges associated with measuring the underwater movements of marine animals which have, so far, limited data collection. Here, we describe the development and application of a system for monitoring the three-dimensional movements of cetaceans in the immediate vicinity of a subsea structure. The system comprises twelve hydrophones and software for the detection and localisation of vocal marine mammals. We present data demonstrating the systems practical performance during a deployment on an operational tidal turbine between October 2017 and October 2019. Three-dimensional locations of cetaceans were derived from the passive acoustic data using time of arrival differences on each hydrophone. Localisation accuracy was assessed with an artificial sound source at known locations and a refined method of error estimation is presented. Calibration trials show that the system can accurately localise sounds to 2m accuracy within 20m of the turbine but that localisations become highly inaccurate at distances greater than 35m. The system is currently being used to provide data on rates of encounters between cetaceans and the turbine and to provide high resolution tracking data for animals close to the turbine. These data can be used to inform stakeholders and regulators on the likely impact of tidal turbines on cetaceans.

Internet Firms Become Global Regulators

Chokepoints ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Tusikov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Global Regulators ◽  
Internet Firms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Online Regulation ◽  
The U.S

Having set the backdrop to the private agreements, this chapter discusses how the non-binding agreements emerged from distinct historical and political circumstances. It provides a brief historical overview that traces the growing influence of multinational rights holders on the U.S. government’s intellectual property policymaking processes from the late 1970s to 2012. The chapter then examines in detail four U.S. intellectual property bills, including the controversial Stop Online Piracy Act, which proposed to reshape fundamentally the online regulation of intellectual property rights infringement. In doing so, the chapter documents a significant shift in enforcement strategy from a focus on removing problematic content (e.g., advertisements for counterfeit goods) to disabling entire websites for allegedly trafficking in counterfeit goods. The chapter argues that Internet firms have become global regulators (known as macro-intermediaries) attractive to governments and corporations for policing a wide range of social problems, including counterfeit goods. The chapter concludes that government officials from the U.S., U.K., and European Commission played a central role in pressuring Internet firms to adopt the non-binding agreements. These agreements serve strategic state interests as well as the financial interests of rights holders.

scholarly journals Response times of ambulances to calls from Midwife Obstetric Units of the Peninsula Maternal and Neonatal Service (PMNS) in Cape Town

Curationis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Marcus ◽  
S.E. Clow
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Norms

Response times of ambulances to calls from Midwife Obstetric Units, although varied, are perceived as slow. Delays in transporting women experiencing complications during or after their pregnancies to higher levels of care may have negative consequences such as fetal, neonatal or maternal morbidity or death. An exploratory descriptive study was undertaken to investigate the response times of ambulances of the Western Cape Emergency Medical Services to calls from midwife obstetric units (MOUs) in the Peninsula Maternal and Neonatal Services (PMNS) in Cape Town. Response times were calculated from data collected in specific MOUs using a specifically developed instrument. Recorded data included time of call placed requesting transfer, diagnosis or reason for transfer, priority of call and the time of arrival of ambulance to the requesting facility. Mean, median and range of response times, in minutes, to various MOUs and priorities of calls were calculated. These were then compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A comparison was then made between the recorded and analysed response times to national norms and recommendations for ambulance response times and maternal transfer response times respectively.A wide range of response times was noted for the whole sample. Median response times across all priorities of calls and to all MOUs in sample fell short of national norms and recommendations. No statistical differences were noted between various priorities of calls and MOUs.The perception of delayed response times of ambulances to MOUs in the PMNS was confirmed in this pilot study.

The divided views of the information and digital divides: A call for integrative theories of information inequality

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangzhi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Information Inequality ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Information Poverty

This article defines information inequality as multifaceted disparity between individuals, communities or nations in mobilizing society’s information resources for the benefit of their lives and development. It then examines related research from a wide range of disciplines that focuses either on information inequality in general or on its specific forms, e.g. information poverty, information divide, knowledge gap and digital divide. It shows that it is possible to identify a number of clusters of information inequality research according to their theoretical perspectives, and that these perspectives have inherited to a great extent the traditional divisions of social sciences between structure vs agency, society vs individuals and objectivism vs subjectivism. Following earlier calls for greater dialogue between divisions of related research, this article goes further to call for integrative theorizing of information inequality in the way exemplified by Bourdieu’s research on social inequality.

scholarly journals Effects of the Invasive Ctenophore Species, Mnemiopsis Leidyi, on the Caspian Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Zahra Khoshnood ◽  
Reza Khoshnood ◽  
Mehdi Ghobeitihasab
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Human interventions on the Earth’s natural systems are evident even in remote regions of the Antarctic and rain forests deep within the Amazon. In addition to human-induced climate change and habitat destruction, an emerging anthropogenic threat to biodiversity is the drastic species re-distribution (the movement of species from one place to another due to human intervention) at a global scale. This creates fertile conditions for biological invasions which in turn cause substantial economic and ecological losses. These human-mediated invasions, often referred to as “biological pollution”, are a worldwide problem that is increasing in frequency and magnitude, causing significant damage to the environment, economy and human health. Bioinvasions have strong impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and stability. They are ranked as the second most important threat to biodiversity (after habitat destruction) by the World Conservation Union. The Ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, is one of the invasive species that naturally lives in the Atlantic coastal waters of North America and South America, but discovered in Azov, Black, Caspian, North, Baltic and Mediterranean (north-eastern part) seas in early 1980s. It seems that the main factor of its redistribution was the ballast waters of ships. As an alien species, Mnemiopsis leidyi caused many alterations in the Caspian Sea ecosystems. The fact that it feeds on the eggs of native fish Clopeonella spp., has resulted in a significant decline of its population; Clopeonella spp. were the main source of industrial fishing in the Caspian Sea and also the main source of food for precious fish species, the sturgeons, and therefore, their decline has caused a huge economical loss for the area's inhabitants and a significant decline of sturgeon populations. This species has caused massive ecosystem changes and substantial economic losses in the late 1980s-1990s, and it has been recognized as a problem of main ecological concern for the sustainable development of the region, together with the high level of anthropogenic pressures on the Caspian Sea ecosystems. Some special characteristics of this species, such as adaptation to a wide range of salinity and temperature, high capability of reproduction, hermaphroditism and dissogeny, have led to huge increases of its mass, especially in southern regions of the Caspian Sea, the coastal waters of Iran. In addition, it has become clear that this species does not have any natural predators in the Caspian Sea, and also that it can feed on any organisms smaller than itself in size. Owing to these facts, it is a huge ecological threat for the Caspian Sea ecosystems. The aim of the present paper is to review the biological and ecological impacts of this invasive species on the Caspian Sea ecosystems.

scholarly journals E-libraries as a resource to support learning and scientific activities at universities

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
N. Vtyurina
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Library System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Digital Library System ◽  
State Educational

The university libraries are to support traditional and digital access to the learning, academic, research and information resources and to maintain modern information and library space. According to the Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS), and due to the growth of distance learning forms, the students must have access to the wide range of digital resources. Thus, along with subscribing to external digital library systems and databases, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Library maintains the University’s digital library system. The author discusses new approaches and solutions for designing repositories and organization of information resources, methods and instruments for users to access them. As the case study of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, acquisition of the University’s Digital Library System collection is discussed as well as the Interuniveristy E-library which is the integrated union database of universities’ digital documents providing general access to the digital resources of the member universities. The membership in the Interuniveristy E-library enables universities to support educational programs with electronic resources; enables students, post-graduates and the faculty to keep track of digital publications by the member universities; provides the platform for the faculty to place on and to promote their works.

scholarly journals Trafficking in Women to Israel and Forced Prostitution

Refuge ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
. Israel Women's Network
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trafficking In Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Forced Prostitution ◽  
Political Opinions ◽  
Status Of Women

The following excerpts have heen extracted from a report of the Israel Women's Network. The Israel Women's Network is a non partisan organization of women, representin a wide range of political opinions and religious outlooks, who seek to improve the status of women in Israel. The interviews and research for the report were done by Martina Vandenberg and Noga Applebaum, conducted between June 1997 and October 1997, throughout Israel. This report is the product of more than 50 interviews with Israeli law enforcement officials, government officials, academics, sex workers, crisis centre workers, Russian consular officials, and local experts.

scholarly journals Visions of Future Warfare in Russian Military Publications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Piotr Wawrzeniuk ◽  
Markus Balázs Göransson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future War ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Holding Back ◽  
At Home

Abstract The article discusses visions of future warfare articulated in recent Russian military publications. There seems to be agreement among Russian scholars that future war will be triggered by Western attempts to promote Western political and economic interests while holding back Russia's resurgence as a global power. The future war with the West is viewed as inevitable in one form or another, whether it is subversion and local wars or large-scale conventional war. While the danger of conventional war has declined, according to several scholars, the West is understood to have a wide range of non-kinetic means at its disposal that threaten Russia. In order to withstand future dangers, Russia has to be able to meet a large number of kinetic and non-kinetic threats at home and abroad.

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