scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Air dan Status Mutu Serta Beban Pencemaran Sungai Mahap di Kabupaten Sekadau Kalimantan Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranty Christiana ◽  
Ika Muthya Anggraini ◽  
Hezliana Syahwanti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status

<p>Sungai Mahap is used by the people of Nanga Mahap Village, Nanga Mahap District, Sekadau Regency for daily needs such as cooking, transportation and even consumption as drinking water. Utilization is done by the community because this area has not been flooded with clean water facilities. The quality and status of the Mahap River water quality standard needs to be further examined to study the feasibility of water as an air source used by the community regarding the importance of increasing plantation activities upstream. This research uses descriptive method using quantitative. Air sampling was conducted using a sample survey method with proposed parameters namely BOD, COD, pH, DO, TSS and NH3. Water quality testing is based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and determines the status of water quality using the STORET method and the pollution index based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No.115 of 2003. In this study, the river pollution load was also calculated. The results show that the composition of BOD, COD, and Fe has exceeded the specified quality standards. The water quality status of the Mahap River is classified as moderate to severe based on the STORET method and Pollution Index. The highest river pollution load occurs at point II, in the dry season at 104.725 kg/day and in the rainy season at 171.873 kg/day</p>

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Air Sungai Batanghari Zona Tengah Wilayah Tebo Dengan Metode Indeks Pencemaran dan Water Quality Index

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
siti umi kalsum
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Index Method ◽  
The Status

Batanghari River has a length of 775 km divided into three zones ie upstream, middle and downstream zones. One of its functions as raw water. Batanghari River Central zone of Tebo region has decreased water quality due to land use change. This study aims to determine the status of water quality from the Batanghari River zone in the middle of the Tebo region by the method of pollution index and water quality index. The method used from the Ministry of Environment No. 115/2003 on Appendix II on the Determination of Water Quality Status by the method of pollution index and Water Quality Index Method (WQI) and as the reference of the quality standard of Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001 on the Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution class II . Monitoring and sampling were conducted three times in June, Sept and October of 2017 for 5 (five) sample locations namely Pucuk Jambi Village, Teluk Kayu Putih, Teluk Kepayang, Singkawang, Tambun Arang with parameters of pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Turbidity, Total Phospor, Nitrite, TSS, E-coli, Fecal Coliform. Based on the results of the sample test in five locations and the analysis using the pollution index method obtained value of 6.72 and water quality index with a value of 50.72. The results showed that both methods were used and resulted in the status of Batanghari river water of moderately polluted category and this conclusion could be the reference of related parties in the Batanghari River water management in accordance with its function and allocation.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment of Cimanuk River in West Java Using Pollution Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 04009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihya Sulthonuddin ◽  
Djoko Mulyo Hartono ◽  
Suyud Warno Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
West Java ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Water Quality Standard

Cimanuk river is one of the seven rivers in West Java. Cimanuk river pollution is indicated to have suffered as a result of the activity of domestic waste, industrial and agricultural uncontrolled in the riparian area of Cimanuk river. This research aims to analize water quality of Cimanuk river based on water quality standard on Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia (IDN), Regulation of the Governor of West Java (WJ), World Health Organization (WHO), Enviromental Standard of United Kingdom (UK), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Enviromental Quality Standard (EQS), and Department of Environment (DOE). This research used pollution index method. The result is water quality of Cimanuk river not meet water quality standard where the TSS (94.85±84,60 mg/L), BOD (9.61±3.16 mg/L), COD (37.69±14.01 mg/L), DO (5.12±1.22 mg/L), NH3N (0.25±0.24 mg/L). Degradation of water quality of Cimanuk river from upstream to downstream marked by increased pollution index value annually. Pollution index of Cimanuk river ranging from 1.25 to 20.31. Water quality status of Cimanuk river has been from lightly polluted to heavilypolluted.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Kualitas Air dan Beban Pencemaran Sungai Bedadung di Intake Instalasi Pengolahan Air PDAM Kabupaten Jember

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Hendra Andiananta Pradana ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Elida Novita ◽  
Aisyah Humayro ◽  
Bambang Herry Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu sumber air permukaan yang memiliki peran vital bagi ekosistem perairan dan makhluk hidup adalah sungai. Sungai Bedadung merupakan salah satu sungai besar yang melewati wilayah Perkotaan Kabupaten Jember. Air dari sungai tersebut dimanafaatkan sebagai pemasok air baku untuk PDAM Kabupaten Jember. Akan tetapi akibat tekanan aktivitas antropogenik menurunkan kualitas air sungai tersebut. Pemantauan kualitas air diperlukan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan pengendalian pencemaran pada air sungai tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kondisi kualitas air dan beban pencemaran di intake intalasi pengolahan air (IPA) PDAM Kabupaten Jember.Metode: Pengambilan contoh air secara grab sampling dilakukan di intake IPA Tegal Gede dan IPA Tegal Besar dengan beberapa parameter kualitas air yang diamati yaitu suhu, kekeruhan, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, yang dibandingkan dengan baku mutu Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 tahun 2001 serta debit air yang digunakan untuk menghitung beban pencemaran serta dilanjutkan uji t untuk mengetahui perbandingan kondisi beban pencemaran.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa kualitas air sungai di intake IPA Tegal Gede dan IPA Tegal Besar secara berurutan tergolong kelas I dan III. Nilai COD di intake IPA Tegal Besar tergolong kelas III. Nilai beban pencemaran menujukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedua intake IPA. Beban pencamaran di IPA Tegal Gede dan Tegal Besar dengan nilai rata-rata secara berurutan yaitu 24,96 kg/hari dan 74,03 kg/hari.Simpulan: Kualitas air Sungai Bedadung berdasarkan parameter fisika dan kimia di intake IPA Tegal Gede di IPA Tegal Besar secara berurutan tergolong kelas I dan III serta kondisi beban pencemaranya beragam.ABSTRACTBackground: River as one of surface water resources has a vital role for ecosystems and organism. Jember Regency Municipal Waterworks utilized the river as water raw resources. However, the pressure of anthropogenic activity decreases the river's water quality. Water quality monitoring is needed as a consideration for pollution controlling in the river. The focus research identified the condition of water quality and pollution load in the water treatment plants (WTP) intake of Jember Regency Municipal Waterworkers.Method: The water sampling by grab sampling was carried out at intake of Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar WTP with several observed pysicochemical parameters i.e temperature, turbidity, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD compered with the quality standard of Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and stream flow for pollution load measurement and continued by t-test to compire the pollution load conditions.Result: The results denote that the water quality in Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar WTP intakes were classified into first (I) and third (III) class. COD caused water quality decreased in intake of Tegal Besar WTP. The t-test of the pollution load represented a significantly difference at the both water treatment plants locations. Pollution load at Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar WTP showed the average values of 24.96 kg/day and 74.03 kg/day. Conclusion: The water quality refer to physicochemical parameter in intake of Tegal Gede and Tegal Besar were categorized WTP into first (I) and third (III) class, furthermore the condition of the pollution load varies.

scholarly journals STATUS PENCEMARAN PERAIRAN WADUK JATIBARANG KOTA SEMARANG PADA BERBAGAI KEGIATAN PERUNTUKAN Water Pollution Status of Jatibarang Reservoir, Semarang City in Various Activities Allocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Fristiwi Silvi Melinda ◽  
Siti Rudiyanti ◽  
Haeruddin Haeruddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Pollution Status

ABSTRAK Waduk Jatibarang terletak di Kelurahan Kandri, Kecamatan Gunung Pati, Kota Semarang resmi dioperasikan pada tahun 2014. Pemanfaatan Waduk Jatibarang sebagai penyedia air baku, tempat pariwisata dan kegiatan perikanan. Pemanfaatan waduk dapat menurunkan kualitas air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui status pencemaran perairan Waduk Jatibarang berdasarkan berbagai kegiatan peruntukan (kegiatan pariwisata, perikanan dan penyediaan air baku). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari - Pebruari 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Pengambilan contoh air menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dilakukan 2 (dua) kali pengambilan dengan rentang waktu 1 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur variabel kualitas air yang terdapat pada PP Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air, antara lain Temperatur, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Amonia dan Total Coliform. Selanjutnya di analisis dengan metode Indeks Pencemaran sesuai KepMen LH Nomor 115 Tahun 2003 tentang Pedoman Penentuan Status Mutu Air. Perairan Waduk Jatibarang memiliki temperatur berkisar antara 30 - 31◦C, TSS 20 - 80 mg/l, pH netral, DO 6,8 - 8,6 mg/l, BOD 1,46 - 3,95 mg/l, COD 9,7 - 15,69 mg/l, Amonia 0,110 - 0,566 mg/l dan Total Coliform 15 – 4.600 sel/100 ml. Status pencemaran pada dermaga Waduk Jatibarang (kegiatan pariwisata) tercemar ringan – sedang (IP = 3,62 - 5,49). Inlet Waduk Jatibarang (Kegiatan Perikanan) tercemar ringan – sedang (IP = 2,88 – 5,93). Outlet Waduk Jatibarang (penyediaan air baku) tercemar ringan (IP = 1,43 – 1,84). ABSTRACT Jatibarang Reservoir is located in the Village Kandri, District Gunung Pati, Semarang officially operated in 2014. Utilization of Jatibarang Reservoir as a provider of raw water, tourism sites and fisheries activities. Utilization of reservoirs can reduce water quality. The purpose of research to determine the water pollution status of Jatibarang Reservoir in based on the various activities allocation (tourism, fisheries and raw water supply). Research was conducted on January - February 2019. The method used is a survey method. Water sampling using purposive sampling with two replicate and sampling interval 1 month. The research was conducted by measuring the water quality variables by activities allocation according with Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 about Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control, among others temperature, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, ammonia and Total Coliform. Furthermore, analized with Pollution Index according to the decree of the minister of environment of the republic of indonesia number 115 year 2003 regarding Guidelines for Determination of Water Quality Status. Jatibarang Reservoir waters have temperature ranging between 30 - 31◦C, TSS 20 - 80 mg/l, pH neutral, DO 6,8 – 8,6 mg/l, BOD 1,46 – 3,95 mg/l, COD 9,7 - 15,69 mg/l, Ammonia 0,110 – 0,566 mg/l and Total Coliform 15 – 4.600 cells/100 ml. Pollution status of the dock Jatibarang Reservoir (tourism activity) lightly - moderatly polluted (IP = 3,62 – 5,49). Inlet of Reservoir Jatibarang (fisheries activity) lightly - moderately polluted (IP = 2,88 - 5,93). Outlet of Reservoir Jatibarang lightly polluted (IP = 1,43 – 1,84).

scholarly journals DAMPAK PEMUKIMAN DAN KEGIATAN DI TEPI SUNGAI TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BARU BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Ariane Pratiwi ◽  
◽  
Melati Ferianita Fachrul ◽  
Diana Irvindiaty Hendrawan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Baru Barat River is a man made river for flood and irrigation control. This study aims to determine the effect of activities on the bank on Baru Barat River on the water quality. Identification of activities is carried out along the bank of river. Water quality parameters are compared with the Governor of Jakarta no. 582 year 2005. The status of water quality is determined using the Pollution Inde (PI). The activities around the Baru Barat River are settlements, officem workshop, schools, deales, food stall, laundry, shops, beauty salons, guesthouses and gas station. BOD concentration range from 8.4-43.7 mg/L with a quality standard of 10 mg/L and COD range from 16-99.2 mg/L with a quality standard of 20 mg/L. Concentration of BOD and COD that exceed of quality standard at almost all sampling ponts. The level of pollutionj in the Baru Barat River is moderate polluted. The main problem at Baru Barat River are the presence of several illegal waste point left from activities that eventually enter the river and the absence of waste water treatment. The concept of community based must be implemented to waste management and communal wastewater treatment that are easy, inexpensive and integrated with the landscape. Keywords: Baru Barat River, river bank, water pollution index, river quality, domestic waste water

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Air dan Status Mutu Air Sungai Batang Asam Akibat Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Indeks Pencemaran

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Siti Umi Kalsum ◽  
Lailal Gusri ◽  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil Wastewater

Batang Asam River as a source of raw water for Drinking Water Supply Systems (SPAM) and daily needs. On May 19, 2015 there was pollution in the Batang Asam River due to the spillage of palm oil wastewater from one of the palm oil companies around the Batang Asam River. The water river becomes smelly and black and many fish die. The initial testing  showed that BOD parameter = 10 mg / l), COD = 50 mg / l, TSS = 16 mg / l, N-Total = 3.86 mg / l, pH = 6.02, Oil and fat = 2.8 mg / l, where almost all parameters above the quality standard. The purpose of this study was to analyze status of water and water quality of Batang Asam River Using Pollution Index Method as a result of spilling palm oil wastewater.  Water sampling of the Batang Asam River was carried out in 4 (four) locations, namely the upstream area of Lubuk Bernai Village, the Central area of Lubuk Lawas Village and Tanjung Bojo Village and the downstream of Kampung Baru Village (Pengabuan River Estuary). Parameters tested were pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, DO, Fe, Oil and fat based on Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Management For Class II. Analysis of water quality status using the Pollution Index method based on the Minister of Environment Regulation Number 115 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for Determining the Status of Water Quality.  The results showed that the analysis of the average waterquality of Batang Asam River from four locations tested were parameters pH 6,8, TDS parameters 79,5 mg / l, TSS parameters 15,25 mg / l, DO parameters 3,025 mg / l, BOD parameters 2,935 mg/l, COD parameters 14,5 mg / l, Fe 0,645 mg / l and parameters of oil and fat 1 mg /l satisfy the class II water quality standard (PP No. 82 of 2001). The status of Batang Asam River shows that the status of water quality is mildly polluted with a pollution index value of 1,0 ≤ IP ≤ 5,0 which is 1,96.

scholarly journals BEBAN PENCEMARAN KALI JOMPO DI KECAMATAN PATRANG-KALIWATES KABUPATEN JEMBER

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Aziza ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Elida Novita
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Average Value

Jompo River is one of many tributaries in Jember District has become one of the water source for inhabitant around use for their daily needs. People activities can make water quality in Jompo River has been polluted gradually. The measurement need to knows water quality and polution load which enter in to Jompo River.  Location of research was start form Patrang to Kaliwates District with six node and  distantance 625 m. each node. This research was conducted in March-July 2017. Based on data analysis, average value of water quality ​​ were TSS was 67 mg / l, TDS was 104.78 mg / l, pH was 6.73, DO was 8.34 mg / l, and BOD was 1.20 mg / l. Based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001, the Jompo river water quality was included in class II criteria. The highest pollution load was at the 6th node of 394.39 kg/day. Jompo River has an average reaeration rate of 0.65 mg / l.day and deoxygenation rate of 0.284 mg / l.day. The river was ability to accomodate of pollution load because the rate of reaeration rate was higher than the value of deoxygenation rate. Keywords: Jompo River, pollution load, water quality

ANALYSIS OF BIODIVERSITY AND QUALITY OF METRO RIVER IN MALANG CITY (PLANKTON AND BENTOS BIOINDICATOR STUDY)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hery Setyobudiarso ◽  
Endro Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

Metro River is a river that passes through Malang City and empties into Karangkates Dam. The increasing number of residents of Malang City resulted in more volume of waste water produced, and one of them is dumped on the Metro River. This affects the increasing pollution load received by the river so that it affects the decreasing of tamping capacity of river pollution load. Changes in water quality in rivers lead to changes in macrozoobenthic community composition. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the quality status of Metro River by using macrozoobentos animals. The purpose of this research is to make the classification of Metro River based on macrozoobentos animal community in determining the water quality status of Metro River based on macrozoobentos and the classification of pollution level that happened. The research method is field observation, water quality measurement of Metro river and macrozoobentos sampling. The results showed that the distribution of macroinvetebrata in the Site of group of Banana Temple was from Gastropoda family, Leptophlebiidae, Chloroperliidae, and Baetidae on rocks with fast current velocity (1.02 m3 / s), 17-27 ° C, BOD level 3.7 mg / l, and COD content of 20.8 mg / l. While on the Site of group Merjosari, Karang Besuki, Bandulan and Sitirejo were found macrozoobentos from Chironomidae, Hydrop sychidae and Lumbri cullidae families, on the substrate of mud and sand, with slow flow rate (0.0052 - 0.0675 m3 / s), BOD 21, 8 - 45.7 mg / l, and COD content 107.8 -267.2 mg / l. The status of upper Brantas river waters determined by using the BMWP Index of the Pisang Candi, Merjosari, Karang Besuki, Bandulan and Sitirejo groups has medium gray water status with ASPT values ranging from 4 to 6.2.  Keywords: macrozoobentos, Water Quality Status of River, BOD, COD

Morfometri dan Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Danau Pondok Lapan, Kabupaten Langkat Provinsi Sumatera Utara

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muhtadi ◽  
Yunasfi Yunasfi ◽  
M. Ma'rufi ◽  
A. Rizki
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Index Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Water Quality Status

<strong>Morphometry and Pollution Load Capacity of Lake Pondok Lapan in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra.</strong> Morphometry is necessary to know the physical characteristics of a lake and how much the ability of the lake to receive pollutant loads. Determination of water quality status and pollution load capacity of lake water is very important to do with the utilization of lake by the community for cultivation activity of floating net cage (KJA). This study aimed to determine the characteristics of morphometry and bathymetry of the lake, determine the status of water quality and the capacity of lake pollution load. The study was conducted in January–March 2015. Mapping was done by making a path of 100 trajectories which was then processed with ArcView. The observation station for water quality consisted of 4 stations. The status of water quality was determined by the Pollution and Storage Index method based on PerMen LH. No. 115 of 2003. The capacity of lake pollution loud refers to PerMen LH. 28 of 2009. The results showed that Lake Pondok Lapan area reached 63,472.78 m2 (6.35 ha) with a maximum depth of 4.15 m. This lake is classified as a closed water, aerobic, with a residence time of 11–12 days. The depth of compensation is at a depth of 2.61–2.85 m. The water discharge coming out of the lake ranges 12,963.45–14,111.71 m³ per day. The status of water quality of Lake Pondok Lapan is categorized as uncontaminated with score 0 for the Storet method and 0.46–0.86 for Pollution Index method. Lake pollution load capacity is of 1.98 kg of phosphorus per year. <br /><br />

scholarly journals STUDI ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI PAKERISAN PROVINSI BALI

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Ketut Asrini ◽  
I Wayan Sandi Adnyana ◽  
I Nyoman Rai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Index Method ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Definition Of

Pakerisan watershed is used by the people for various purposes to meet the daily needs for water and it is also for irrigation water. The aim of research was to determine the water quality related to human activities and the pollution index. Water sampling was conducted in the nine sample points i.e. upstream of two sample points, in the middle of four sample points, and in the downstream of three sample points. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. Determination of water quality was carried out by comparing the measured data of each parameter of water with the value of quality standards based on the Bali Governor Regulation Number  08 of 2007, while the definition of the status of water quality was done by the pollution index method. The results showed that the activities that affect the water quality physically, chemically and biologically at the upstream to downstream are farming activities, settlements, tourism and trade. In the upstream showed no parameters that exceeded the quality standards, the variables of BOD, COD, phosphate, fecal coli and total coli exceeded the quality standards and in the downstream,  the BOD, fosfat and  fecal coli exceeded the quality standards. The pollution index found in the upstream region good condition, whereas in the middle was classified as heavily polluted until the downstream  was lightly polluted.

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