scholarly journals Formation components of technical science in Ukraine in the 60‒70s of the XIX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-352
Author(s):  
Vira Okorokova ◽  
Olha Likhachova
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Technical Science ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of technical science in Ukraine in the second half of the XIXth century. The source of data for the research was found in the articles of the "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education" that was published in the 60‒70s of the XIXth century. This historical source explains the chronological boundaries of the research mentioned. The authors draw attention to the formation of technical science as to a complex process that developed from the historical and cultural transformations in the field of scientific research of Ukrainian society back in the days. Paradigmatic shifts in Western European science that penetrated the scientific circles of the Ukrainian social environment contributed to the intensification of scientific and technological progress. It is noted that the latter had a great influence on education which, as shown in the article, became one of the components in the forming process in the field of science and technology.In particular, we are talking about the active work of scientific and technical intelligentsia, which became the driving force in this process, which was expressed in the creation of a theoretical and methodological basis for scientific activities. Based on a wide range of methods derived from the historical research, the progress factors in this scientific field as well as the growth of scientific schools of leading mathematicians, physicists, and other representatives of technical science were discovered. On the basis of the biographical method of analysis the creative way of heads of known scientific schools (V. Ya. Buniakovskyi, I. O. Vyshnehradskyi, M. V. Ostrohradskyi, F. N. Shvedov and others) in line with the trends of the then Ukrainian scientific and technical industry.The research points out the importance and invaluable contribution made by scientists for further motivation and actualization of the research in subsequent years. It is emphasized that the emergence of scientific schools and modernization of the technical education system have become the main components in the formation of the scientific and technical elite. It was made through an active scientific activity that contributed to the formation of technical science at the theoretical and methodological levels.

Use of ultrasonic surface hardening in modifi cation of surface layer

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Semenova ◽  
A.G. Samul’ ◽  
S.V. Mazhuga
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibrations ◽  
Surface Microrelief ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Finishing Machining

Overview of the research results got by various scientific schools in the field of application of ultrasonic surface hardening is provided. Wide range of opportunities of ultrasonic surface hardening is shown for the application in the preliminary machining of surfaces before thermal and chemical treatment, coating, and also as finishing machining. The effect of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations on structure changes in the material of the surface layer and on surface microrelief on parts performance is considered. The prospects of using of the ultrasonic surface hardening method in combination with other methods of the material modification are presented. In addition the possibilities of reducing the manufacturing cost of product by introducing ultrasonic surface hardening into the technological process are shown.

scholarly journals Comparison of Modified Mohr–Coulomb Model and Bai–Wierzbicki Model for Constructing 3D Ductile Fracture Envelope of AA6063

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianye Gao ◽  
Tao He ◽  
Yuanming Huo ◽  
Miao Song ◽  
Tingting Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Fracture Criterion ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Fracture Criterion ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Round Bar ◽  
Fracture Envelope

AbstractDuctile fracture of metal often occurs in the plastic forming process of parts. The establishment of ductile fracture criterion can effectively guide the selection of process parameters and avoid ductile fracture of parts during machining. The 3D ductile fracture envelope of AA6063-T6 was developed to predict and prevent its fracture. Smooth round bar tension tests were performed to characterize the flow stress, and a series of experiments were conducted to characterize the ductile fracture firstly, such as notched round bar tension tests, compression tests and torsion tests. These tests cover a wide range of stress triaxiality (ST) and Lode parameter (LP) to calibrate the ductile fracture criterion. Plasticity modeling was performed, and the predicted results were compared with corresponding experimental data to verify the plasticity model after these experiments. Then the relationship between ductile fracture strain and ST with LP was constructed using the modified Mohr–Coulomb (MMC) model and Bai-Wierzbicki (BW) model to develop the 3D ductile fracture envelope. Finally, two ductile damage models were proposed based on the 3D fracture envelope of AA6063. Through the comparison of the two models, it was found that BW model had better fitting effect, and the sum of squares of residual error of BW model was 0.9901. The two models had relatively large errors in predicting the fracture strain of SRB tensile test and torsion test, but both of the predicting error of both two models were within the acceptable range of 15%. In the process of finite element simulation, the evolution process of ductile fracture can be well simulated by the two models. However, BW model can predict the location of fracture more accurately than MMC model.

Nickel-Catalyzed Electronically-Reversed Enantioselective Hydrocarbofunctionalizations of Acrylamides

Synlett ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lou Shi ◽  
Wei Shu
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Carbon Bond ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Protocol

Asymmetric hydrocarbofunctionalizations of alkenes has emerged as an efficient synthetic strategy for accessing optically active molecules via carbon-carbon bond-forming process from readily available alkenes and carbo-electrophiles. Herein, we present a summary of the efforts from our group to control the regio- and enantioselectivity of hydrocarbofunctionalizations of electron-deficient alkenes with a nickel catalyst and chiral bisoxazolidine ligand. The reaction undergoes electron-reversed hydrocarbofunctionalizations acrylamides with excellent enantioselectivity. This operationally simple protocol enables the asymmetric hydroalkylation, hydrobenzylation and hydropropargylation of acrylamides. This reaction is useful for preparing a wide range of α-branched chiral amides with broad functional group tolerance.

Layered Manufacturing: Challenges and Opportunities

2002 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khershed P. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Layered Manufacturing ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
Photosensitive Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Direction

ABSTRACTLayered Manufacturing (LM) refers to computer-aided manufacturing processes in which parts are made in sequential layers relatively quickly. Parts that are produced by LM can be formed from a wide range of materials such as photosensitive polymers, metals and ceramics in sizes from a centimeter to a few meters with sub-millimeter feature resolutions. LM has found use in diverse areas including biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, defense, electronics and design engineering. The promise of LM is the capability to make customized complex-shaped functional parts without specialized tooling and without assembly. LM is still a few years away from fully realizing its promise but its potential for manufacturing remains high. A few of the fundamental challenges in materials processing confronting the community are improving the quality of the surface finish, eliminating residual stress, controlling local composition and microstructure, achieving fine feature size and dimensional tolerance and accelerating processing speed. Until these challenges are met, the applicability of LM and its commercialization will be restricted. Sustained scientific activity in LM has advanced over the past decade into many different areas of manufacturing and has enabled exploration of novel processes and development of hybrid processes. The research community of today has the opportunity to shape the future direction of science research to realize the full potential of LM.

Structural Design and Forming Method of Single-Curved Surface Structure Based on Miura-Origami

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairui Wang ◽  
Chunfang Guo ◽  
Yujie Li ◽  
Yahua Liu ◽  
Minjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Vacuum Forming

With the advantage of high adaptability, Miura-origami structure with curvature shows various engineering applications such as a sandwich between two stiff facings with curvature requirements and structural support to form a circular tube. In this research, a forming method of polymer circular tube with single-curved surface origami expressed by five parameters was established and its corresponding theory was solved considering forming rationality in actual manufacturing. The components of circular tube were fabricated by the vacuum forming process and then spliced together. We conducted numerical simulation to analyze the structural performance of the tube with five parameters and shown that these parameters have a great influence on energy absorbed performance. Finally, a male mold of a part with Arc Miura-origami structure was designed and fabricated. The parts with Arc Miura-origami were manufactured using vacuum forming process and then spliced and bonded together into a two-layer tube. This research may provide a method to design and fabricate Miura-origami structure with high efficiency and quality.

Measurement and Calculation of Elastic Properties in Low Carbon Steel Sheet

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1591-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Luzin ◽  
S. Banovic ◽  
Thomas Gnäupel-Herold ◽  
Henry Prask ◽  
R.E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Elastic Property ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Steel Sheet

Low carbon steel (usually in sheet form) has found a wide range of applications in industry due to its high formability. The inner and outer panels of a car body are good examples of such an implementation. While low carbon steel has been used in this application for many decades, a reliable predictive capability of the forming process and “springback” has still not been achieved. NIST has been involved in addressing this and other formability problems for several years. In this paper, texture produced by the in-plane straining and its relationship to springback is reported. Low carbon steel sheet was examined in the as-received condition and after balanced biaxial straining to 25%. This was performed using the Marciniak in-plane stretching test. Both experimental measurements and numerical calculations have been utilized to evaluate anisotropy and evolution of the elastic properties during forming. We employ several techniques for elastic property measurements (dynamic mechanical analysis, static four point bending, mechanical resonance frequency measurements), and several calculation schemes (orientation distribution function averaging, finite element analysis) which are based on texture measurements (neutron diffraction, electron back scattering diffraction). The following objectives are pursued: a) To test a range of different experimental techniques for elastic property measurements in sheet metals; b) To validate numerical calculation methods of the elastic properties by experiments; c) To evaluate elastic property changes (and texture development) during biaxial straining. On the basis of the investigation, recommendations are made for the evaluation of elastic properties in textured sheet metal.

Stylistic Morphing: Notes on the Digitisation of Contemporary Music Culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Sandywell ◽  
David Beer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Definitive Statement

This article is a series of notes concerned with tracking the social and cultural implications of the digitisation of music. In this piece we explore a number of emerging questions and phenomena with the explicit intention of opening new sets of questions and creating opportunities for further reflections and more detailed empirical case studies. This article, therefore, is not intended as a final word or a definitive statement on the phenomenon of cultural morphing, but rather it represents an attempt to experiment, to develop, and to explore the field of hybridisation and popular cultural change. It is hoped that these exploratory notes will illuminate some of the cultural transformations resulting from the proliferation and appropriation of a wide range of digital music technologies.

The Research on the Mechanical Property of CBF/PP Composite Board

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Fei Fei Zhu ◽  
Zhi Li Zhong ◽  
Zong Fu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The three composite boards which were made of continuous basalt fiber (CBF) and polypropylene fiber (PP) in different fiber ratios were researched on this paper. The manufacturing forming process included blending, carding, web formation, laminating and compression molding orderly. The tension and bending properties were investigated experimentally, and then dual variance analysis was used to show the significant difference of the mechanical property in the transverse and longitudinal orientation as well the appreciable impact of different fiber ratios to the mechanical property. The results show that the difference of the tension and blending strength in the same direction, among composite boards in different fiber proportions, is about 1~10Mpa; the difference in the same fiber proportion, between transverse and longitudinal, vary within a wide range from 10Mpa to 30Mpa. The results of variance analysis have also proved the conclusion, the difference between transverse and longitudinal is more significant than the difference among different fiber proportions. In the similar study, the significance hadn’t been seen sufficiently, so this paper provides reference to the actual application of the composite board.

Creativity from perspective of axiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
A. V Kiriakova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Moroz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual

Interest in creativity as a subject of research has been growing exponentially since the second half of the 20th century in all areas of human history. A wide range of both domestic and foreign studies allows authors to assert that creativity is a personality trait, inherent to one degree or another. Whereas the development of such trait becomes an urgent necessity in the new reality. The entire evolutionary process of the social development illustrates its dependence on personal and collective creativity. The aim of this research is to study the phenomenon of creativity through the perspective of axiology, i.e. the science of values. Axiology allows us to consider the realities of the modern world from the perspective of not only external factors, circumstances and situations, but also of deep value foundations. Creativity has been studied quite deeply from the point of view of psychology: the special characteristics of a creative person, stages of the creative process, the relationship between creative and critical thinking, creativity and intelligence. Some psychologists emphasize motivation, creative skills, interdisciplinary knowledge, and the creative environment as the main components that contribute to the development of creativity. The authors of the article argue that values and value orientations towards cognition, creativity, self-realization and self-expression are the drivers of creativity. In a broad sense, values as a matrix of culture determine the attitude of society to creativity, to the development of creativity of the individual and the creative class, and to how economically successful a given society will be. Since innovation and entrepreneurship are embodied creativity. Thus, the study of creativity from the perspective of axiology combines the need for a deep study of this phenomenon and the subjective significance of creativity in the context of new realities

Training Standards for Career Child Psychiatrists

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 543-545
Author(s):  
Philip Barker
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Current State ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Training Standards ◽  
Special Expertise ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Main Components

The two main components of child psychiatric training should be supervised clinical work of high quality and training in the questing, scientific approach to the subject. These should be combined so that residents consider the assessment and management of all their clinical cases in a critical way, at the same time looking critically also at the pertinent literature. Management and treatment methods should be selected in the context of discussion of the current state of knowledge in the area. Trainees should see and treat children and adolescents of all ages and with the full range of psychiatric disorders. Ten percent of their caseload should consist of mentally retarded children. It may be necessary to teach about some rare syndromes by the use of videotapes. Residents should be familiar with the uses, and drawbacks, of a wide range of therapies, including residential treatment, but can only be expected to develop special expertise in a few. Didactic teaching unrelated to clinical work is probably of limited value.

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