Legume Plant Growth at Various Levels of Drought Stress Treatment

A strategic alternative step for the development of cultivation of feed crops is to optimize the use of dry land that has the potential for agricultural and livestock business. One of the forage plants that has good adaptation to less good soil condition and is a pioneer plant, Pueraria javanica legume, so it can be considered as a potential alternative forage as animal feed. The research aims at determining the effect of various levels of drought stress treatment on the plant hight, fresh matter production, dry matter production and root biomass of Pueraria javanica legume. The experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were A1 (25% field capacity (FC)=144 ml/polybag, A2 (50% FC)=288 ml/polybag and A3 (100% FC)=576 ml/polybag. The results show that Pueraria javanica legume can survive and grow up to severe drought stress (25% FC) but the crop production does not increase when compared to the field capacity condition; besides, the legume cannot survive longer in drought condition. The volume of water supplied corresponding to the field capacity makes the plant growth better.

Download Full-text

Foliar Application of Saudi Desert Plants Extract Improved Some Mungbean Agronomic Traits Under Drought Stress

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences ◽

10.4197/met.27-2.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Fahad Mohammed Alghabari Fahad Mohammed Alghabari

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Simmondsia Chinensis ◽

Desert Plants ◽

Natural Plant ◽

Ambrosia Dumosa

To evaluate Saudi desert plants potential to promote mungbean growth under drought stress, a pot experiment was performed at field experimental station, King Abdulaziz University during 2016/2017 season. Drought stress was imposed by application of 40% and 60% field capacity (FC) levels. Pots with 100% field capacity were also maintained as control. Natural plant extracts of ten desert plants (Eucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera Lam, Moringa peregrine Forssk., Tetraena simplex L., Simmondsia chinensis, Indigofera tinctoria, Dianella ensata, Emex spinosa, Ambrosia dumosa) were foliar applied prior to stress treatment application. Tap water treatment was used as control. Data for mungbean growth and pod characteristics were recorded. Drought stress decreased mungbean growth and severity of impact increased with lowering field capacity. The natural plant extract (NPE); NPE 9 (Dianella ensata) and NPE 11 (Ambrosia dumosa) favoured both plant growth 33% and pod characteristics 11%. The effect of NPE 6 (Tetraena simplex L.) and NPE 7 (Simmondsia chinensis) were significant for plant growth 21-24 cm while non-significant for pod characteristics under severe drought stress. On contrary, NPE 2 (Eucalyptus globulus) and NPE 3 (Azadirachta indica) effect was significant for mungbean pod characteristics 60% and non-significant for growth traits. The rest of the applied NPEs were non-significant for both growth and yield traits. The combination of NPE9 × FC-2, NPE6 × FC-2, NPE11 × FC-1 and NPE7 × FC-1 produced tallest plants (29.33 cm), maximum fresh biomass (8.54 g), dry biomass (6.71 g) and number of branches per plant (6.8). The combination of NPE2 × FC-2, NPE3 × FC-1, NPE9 × FC-1 and NPE11 × FC-3 produced maximum pods per plant (4.2), pod length (7 cm), pod fresh weight (5.4 g) and dry weight (4.5 g) respectively. It’s clear from the statistical analysis that mungbean performed better under medium stress level (FC-2) while NPE6, NPE7, NPE9 and NPE11 significantly stimulated plant growth under stressed environment. In conclusion, by application of Dianella ensata and Ambrosia dumosa, mungbean can be successfully grown under medium drought stress conditions.

Download Full-text

Foliar Application of Trehalose or 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improves Photosynthesis and Biomass Production in Drought Stressed Alpinia zerumbet

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11100908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 908

Author(s):

Faisal Zulfiqar ◽

Jianjun Chen ◽

Patrick M. Finnegan ◽

Muhammad Nafees ◽

Adnan Younis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Sustainable Horticulture ◽

Alpinia Zerumbet ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Alpinia zerumbet is an important medicinal and ornamental plant species. Drought stress is a major concern for sustainable horticulture crop production under changing climate scenarios. Trehalose (Tre) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) are osmoprotectants that play important roles in mitigating plant stresses. In this study, the effects of foliar application of 25 mM Tre or 10 mg L−1 ALA on biochemical and physiological parameters of A. zerumbet seedlings and their growth were evaluated under well-watered and drought-stressed (65% of field capacity) conditions. Drought caused reductions in physiological parameters and plant growth. These decreases were accompanied by increases in leaf free proline and glycine betaine concentrations and peroxidase activities. Foliar application of Tre or ALA remediated physiological and biochemical parameters and plant growth. Overall, foliar application of ALA or Tre proved to be beneficial for mitigating drought stress in A. zerumbet.

Download Full-text

Enhancement of drought tolerance in diverse Vicia faba cultivars by inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under newly reclaimed soil conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02847-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elsayed Mansour ◽

Hany A. M. Mahgoub ◽

Samir A. Mahgoub ◽

El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽

Mohamed I. Abdul-Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Effects Of Drought

AbstractWater deficit has devastating impacts on legume production, particularly with the current abrupt climate changes in arid environments. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective approach for producing natural nitrogen and attenuating the detrimental effects of drought stress. This study investigated the influence of inoculation with the PGPR Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (USDA 2435) and Pseudomonas putida (RA MTCC5279) solely or in combination on the physio-biochemical and agronomic traits of five diverse Vicia faba cultivars under well-watered (100% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]), moderate drought (75% ETc), and severe drought (50% ETc) conditions in newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil. Drought stress substantially reduced the expression of photosynthetic pigments and water relation parameters. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased in plants under drought stress compared with those in well-watered plants. These adverse effects of drought stress reduced crop water productivity (CWP) and seed yield‐related traits. However, the application of PGPR, particularly a consortium of both strains, improved these parameters and increased seed yield and CWP. The evaluated cultivars displayed varied tolerance to drought stress: Giza-843 and Giza-716 had the highest tolerance under well-watered and moderate drought conditions, whereas Giza-843 and Sakha-4 were more tolerant under severe drought conditions. Thus, co-inoculation of drought-tolerant cultivars with R. leguminosarum and P. putida enhanced their tolerance and increased their yield and CWP under water-deficit stress conditions. This study showed for the first time that the combined use of R. leguminosarum and P. putida is a promising and ecofriendly strategy for increasing drought tolerance in legume crops.

Download Full-text

DEHYDRIN PROFILES OF SOME IRANIAN MELON VARIETIES (Cucumis melo L. Merr) UNDER DROUGHT STRE SS CONDITIONS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.6.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 75-84

Author(s):

Alireza Motallebi-Azar ◽

István Papp ◽

Anita Szegő

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Status ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Relative Water

Dehydrins are proteins that play a role in the mechanism of drought tolerance. This study aimed at establishing dehydrin profile and accumulation in four local melon varieties of Iran: Mino, Dargazi, Saveii, and Semsori, as well as in a commercial variety Honeydew. Plants were treated with drought stress by adjusting the soil water content to 75, 50, 40, 30 and 20% of field capacity (FC) by withholding water. Water status of plants was monitored based on the seedling fresh weight (FW) and relative water content of leaves (RWC). Total protein content was extracted, then heat-stable protein (HSP) fraction was isolated for each variety and water stress treatment. After SDS-PAGE of HSP, Western blotting analysis was carried out with Anti-dehydrin rabbit (primary) and Goat anti rabbit (secondary) antibodies. ANOVA results showed that with decreasing FC below 75%, FW and RWC decreased, but these changes significantly varied among genotypes. On the basis of FW and RWC data under different drought stress treatments, the following drought-tolerant ranking was established: Mino > Dargazi > Saveii and Honeydew > Semsori, from tolerant to sensitive order. Results of Western blot analysis showed that expression of some proteins with molecular weights of 19–52 kDa was induced in the studied varieties under drought stress (% FC). Expression level of the dehydrin proteins in different varieties was variable and also depending on the drought stress level applied. However, dehydrin proteins (45 and 50 kDa) showed strong expression levels in all varieties under severe drought stress (20% FC). The abundance of dehydrin proteins was higher in tolerant varieties (Mino and Dargazi) than in moderate and drought sensitive genotypes. Consequently, dehydrins represent a potential marker for selection of genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance.

Download Full-text

Fungal Endophytes Promote Tomato Growth and Enhance Drought and Salt Tolerance

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9070877 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 877

Author(s):

Mustafa Morsy ◽

Blake Cleckler ◽

Hayden Armuelles-Millican

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽

Tomato Growth

In a search for efficient fungal endophytes that can promote crop production and/or increase crop tolerance to abiotic stress, we isolated and tested various species harbored by wild plants. Sixty-seven endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from drought stressed, poor soil habitats, and inland high salt areas. We extensively tested the roles of Ampelomyces sp. and Penicillium sp. isolates in improving tomato growth and yield. Under greenhouse and field trails, Ampelomyces sp. and Penicillium sp. endophytes proved effective in conferring positive benefits to tomatoes placed under stress as well as under normal growing conditions. Ampelomyces sp. conferred tolerance to tomatoes placed under drought stress in addition to enhancing overall plant growth and fruit yield in comparison to non-symbiotic plants under drought stress. Penicillium sp. conferred tolerance to tomatoes placed under 300 mM salinity stress in addition to enhancing root biomass in comparison to non-symbiotic plants. Both endophytes proved efficient in enhancing plant growth, stress tolerance, recovery, and fruit yield under optimal experimental conditions in comparison to non-symbiotic plants. Field testing of tomato yield showed increased yield of symbiotic tomatoes compared to non-symbiotic ones. This data suggests that both Ampelomyces sp. and Penicillium sp. share a promising potential for improving future agricultural production, particularly with the projected changes in climate in the future.

Download Full-text

Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Mediate Growth Regulation and Physiology of Crop Plants under Drought Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1730

Author(s):

Nadiyah M. Alabdallah ◽

Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽

Inès Hammami ◽

Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi ◽

Dikhnah Alshehri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Crop Production ◽

Growth Regulation ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are regarded as critical tools for overcoming ongoing and prospective crop productivity challenges. MONPs with distinct physiochemical characteristics boost crop production and resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought. They have recently been used to improve plant growth, physiology, and yield of a variety of crops grown in drought-stressed settings. Additionally, they mitigate drought-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the aggregation of osmolytes, which results in enhanced osmotic adaptation and crop water balance. These roles of MONPs are based on their physicochemical and biological features, foliar application method, and the applied MONPs concentrations. In this review, we focused on three important metal oxide nanoparticles that are widely used in agriculture: titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe3O4). The impacts of various MONPs forms, features, and dosages on plant growth and development under drought stress are summarized and discussed. Overall, this review will contribute to our present understanding of MONPs’ effects on plants in alleviating drought stress in crop plants.

Download Full-text

PLANT GROWTH OF EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.) IN VITRO IN DROUGHT STRESS POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG)

BIOVALENTIA Biological Research Journal ◽

10.24233/biov.2.1.2016.29 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erna Siaga ◽

Awang Maharijaya ◽

Megayani Sri Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Dry Land ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves

Drought stress is one of the important issues related to the global warming that demand for the development of drought tolerant crops. Eggplant is one of the agricultural commodities which can be developed in dry land so plant growth of eggplant need to be learned. The objectives of this study were to study the effect of several concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the in vitro growth of eggplant, and to find the drought tolerant eggplant accessions in dry land. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was laid on a completely randomized design with one factor. The factor was eggplant accessions. The results showed that PEG in vitro media significantly affected the survival percentage, the percentage of callus, developed the bud and the number of leaves of eggplant. Callus in eggplant explants as a way of avoiding drought stress.

Download Full-text

Generation of guard cell RNA-seq transcriptomes during progressive drought and recovery using an adapted INTACT protocol for Arabidopsis thaliana shoot tissue

10.1101/2021.04.15.439991 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna van Weringh ◽

Asher Pasha ◽

Eddi Esteban ◽

Paul J. Gamueda ◽

Nicholas J. Provart

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Guard Cell ◽

Crop Production ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Cell Types ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Data Sets ◽

Rna Seq

Drought is an important environmental stress that limits crop production. Guard cells (GC) act to control the rate of water loss. To better understand how GCs change their gene expression during a progressive drought we generated guard cell-specific RNA-seq transcriptomes during mild, moderate, and severe drought stress. We additionally sampled re-watered plants that had experienced severe drought stress. These transcriptomes were generated using the INTACT system to capture the RNA from GC nuclei. We optimized the INTACT protocol for Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue, incorporating fixation to preserve RNA during nuclear isolation. To be able to identify gene expression changes unique to GCs, we additionally generated transcriptomes from all cell types, using a 35S viral promoter to capture the nuclei of all cell types in leaves. These data sets highlight shared and unique gene expression changes between GCs and the bulk leaf tissue. The timing of gene expression changes is different between GCs and other cell types: we found that only GCs had detectable gene expression changes at the earliest drought time point. The drought responsive GC and leaf RNA-seq transcriptomes are available in the Arabidopsis ePlant at the Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology website.

Download Full-text

Crescimento e produção do jambu submetido a lâminas de irrigação

Revista de Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.22491/rca.2020.3183 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Camila Duane Corrêa Gaia ◽

Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽

Mariele dos Santos Araújo ◽

Jéssica Mariana Coelho Magalhães ◽

Raquel Giseli Assis Rosário ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Crop Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Use Efficiency

This study evaluated the effect that different irrigation depths have on the growth and crop production of jambu plants. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths corresponding to 40%, 70%, 100%, 130% and 160% of field capacity. We used randomized blocks with four replications for the experimental design. The plot consisted of four plants in separate pots. For comparison of treatments, at 27 days after transplantation, the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh matter, stalk fresh matter, root fresh matter, inflorescence fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stalk dry matter, root dry matter, inflorescence dry matter and water use efficiency. The effect of irrigation depth was significant for the analyzed variables, except for stem diameter and inflorescence dry matter. There was a quadratic behavior of the variables regarding the applied irrigation depths. The maximum values of each parameter were obtained with irrigation depths close to 100% field capacity. Although the efficiency of water use was higher for the irrigation depth of 40% field capacity, the use of irrigation depth at 100% field capacity is recommended since it provided the best answers of the variables analyzed.

Download Full-text

Growth Indices of Kimiya Cultivar of Lentil in Response to Drought Stress at Flowering and Pod Filling Stages under Greenhouse Conditions

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-501 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Jahantigh ◽

Seyed Reza Amiri

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Growth Indices ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Net Assimilation

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors which can limit the lentil production. To evaluate the effect of drought stress at flowering and pod filling stages on growth indices of lentil cultivar Kimiya (a new high yielding lentil cultivar for moderate cold and semi warm climate of Iran), an experiment was conducted at the research greenhouse of Higher Educational Complex of Saravan in completely randomized design with four replications. The drought stress was applied by withholding irrigation until the soil moisture reached to 20% of field capacity at stages of flowering and pod filling. In this experiment, we measured grain yield per plant, growth indices including plant leaf area (PLA), relative growth rate (RGR), plant growth rate (PGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR). Results showed that the flowering stage in lentil plant is more sensitive to drought as exhibited significant decline in PLA, RGR, PGR and NAR. PGR declined at the end of growing season when vegetative growth stop, senescence of leaves, the reduction of NAR, and the allocation of assimilate to the seeds.

Download Full-text