сила синергії у проявах правової науки: міждисциплінарне дослідження

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Д. Василенко ◽  
В. М. Слатвінська
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic System ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Theory Of Law

The article discusses the concepts of “synergy”, “synergetics”, “synthesis” and “synergetic effect”. It is noted that it is synergetics that studies synergy and synergetic effects. It is established that the essence of synergy is revealed through the spectrum of its properties (emergences). With the help of synergetic approach, the character of system connections between elements (components) of complex system formations is investigated. Law is represented as a complex, non-equilibrium, open, nonlinear, dynamic system. It is found that an important condition for synergy is compliance with the basic principles of organization and self-organization. The power of synergy in the theory of law is manifested and extends to various branches of legal science, in particular, it is shown how it affects economic law. Recognizing the position of I.R. Prigogine on instability and instability in nature as fundamental characteristics of the Universe the authors urge not only to look differently at the previous theoretical concepts of the construction of the Newtonian-Laplacian type, but also to some extent to re-evaluate the variability of even the system of law, in particular economic (innovation), and the process of innovation development in General. Attention is focused on the influence of the synergy force in the study of legal phenomena using the synergetic approach. The opinion of G. Haken concerning the manifestations of the essence of synergetics is discussed. It is established that the essential difference of synergetics, which significantly distinguishes it from other traditional methods of scientific knowledge, is that any legal phenomenon in the process of its study with the help of the synergetic method must be investigated both from the outside and from within. Scientific approaches to understanding the concept of “synergy” are revealed, and the power of synergy in legal science is determined. The arguments in favor of the use of synergetics in the study of legal phenomena are presented. Attention is drawn to the fact that the system chooses for himself the most appropriate form of regulation of relations that best reduces the level of entropy in the system requires less cost, i.e. causes fewer disturbances, it applies scientific knowledge in General, that is, the legal system, the prediction result of legal rules and timing advanced training of legal norms and legal relations.

scholarly journals Interrelation of theoretical concepts of jurisprudence and legal practice (using the example of the category «legal subjectity»)

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
V. A. Sichevliuk
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Organizational Integrity ◽  
Legal Entities

The article discusses the interrelation between theoretical concepts of jurisprudence and legal practice on the exampleof the category «legal subjectity». With an indication of real practical situations, the necessity of implementing the relevant theoretical achievements of legal science in the standards of practical legal activity is justified. It is noted that at the level of practice the integral content of legal categories, principles and other theoretical concepts of jurisprudence is inevitably operationalized and takes the form of terms. At the same time, the requirement for the unambiguity of the latter creates a constant need for practice in interpreting their content. The correct interpretation of the terms involves a combination of the achievements of theory and practical experience. Deviation from this rule leads to errors in terminology and mistakes in the interpretation of law. Attention is drawn to the need of using in the texts of judicial, administrative, contractual, and other documents the correct wording on the legal subjectity of separated units and governing bodies of legal entities. The contradictions of the notion of «complex legal entity» are also highlighted. Examples are given of how the legislative acts of Ukraine in some cases do not correspond to the basic principles of the legal entity institution, allowing the existence in the internal organizational space of legal entities of other legal entities. It is emphasized that this status of structural subdivisions of organizations and public authorities contradicts the need to ensure their organizational integrity as subjects of law, endowed with a complete kind of legal subjectity, namely «personal legal subjectity». Keywords: theoretical concepts of jurisprudence, category «legal subjectity», legal entity, personal legal subjectity, structural division of a legal entity.

Notion and interaction of international and national legal systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Гаврилов ◽  
Vyachyeslav Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The monograph addresses the development of the legal system concept within the general theory of law and international legal doctrine in the second half of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century. It also defines and analyses the content of the following categories: “national legal system” and “international legal system”; reveals prerequisites for and main directions of their interaction. A great part of the monograph deals with the analysis of theoretical concepts and characteristics of the legal mechanism behind the operation of international legal norms in the legal systems of modern States. It is intended for professors and students of law schools, employees of state bodies and law-enforcement agencies as well as for those who are interested in the international law theory and its practical realization.

THEORY OF LAW AND PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS THEORETICAL DISCOURSES: SPECIFICS AND RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Вадим Леонидович Афанасьевский
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируется проблема взаимоотношений философии права и научной теории права. Рассматриваемая проблема стала особенно актуальной в российском образовательном пространстве в связи с введением после длительного перерыва в государственный образовательный стандарт магистратуры по юриспруденции учебной дисциплины «Философия права». Автор статьи в качестве базисного принимает тезис, согласно которому философия права, являясь сферой философской мысли, и теория права как область научного социогуманитарного знания представляют собой разные типы теоретического дискурса. Исходя из этого, в статье выстраивается теоретическая концепция, согласно которой задачей философии права как философского типа мышления является конструирование или экспликация онтологических, эпистемологических, аксиологических, феноменологических оснований для формирования и функционирования научных теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых построений. Для реализации поставленной в статье задачи подробно рассматриваются ключевые характеристики как теории философского типа, так и идеалов, норм и характеристик научного знания. Выявленное различие экстраполируется на взаимоотношение теории права как продукта научного творчества и философии права как конструкции, задающей базовые мировоззренческие смыслы. В качестве примера выработанных философией права и государства оснований научных теорий прогресса, государства, морали и права, автор приводит взгляды мыслителей западноевропейской философской классики: Т. Гоббса, Ж.-Ж. Руссо, И. Канта, Г.В.Ф. Гегеля. Именно их философские концепции предопределили образы теоретико- и историко-правовых учений XVIII, XIX, XX и даже начала XXI в. Таким образом, отношение философии права и теории права выстраивается по «вертикали»: от онтологического основания к возведению теоретико-правовых и историко-правовых научных построений. The article analyzes the problem of the relationship between the philosophy of law and the scientific theory of law. The problem under consideration has become especially urgent in the Russian educational space in connection with the introduction of the Philosophy of Law discipline master's degree in law after a long break. The author of the article takes as the basis the thesis that the philosophy of law, being the sphere of philosophical thought, and the theory of law as a field of scientific socio-humanitarian knowledge are different types of theoretical discourse. Based on this, the article builds a theoretical concept according to which the task of the philosophy of law as a philosophical type of thinking is the construction or explication of ontological, epistemological, axiological, phenomenological grounds for the formation and functioning of concrete scientific theoretical and legal and historical and legal constructions. To implement the task posed in the article, the key characteristics of both a theory of a philosophical type and ideals, norms and characteristics of scientific knowledge are examined in detail. The revealed difference is extrapolated to the relationship between the theory of law as a product of scientific creativity and the philosophy of law as a construction that sets basic philosophical meanings. As an example of the foundations of the scientific theories of progress, state, morality and law developed by the philosophy of law and the state, the author gives the views and thinkers of the West European philosophical classics T. Hobbes, J.-J. Russo, I. Kant, G.V.F. Hegel. It was their philosophical concepts that predetermined the images of theoretical and historical-legal doctrines of the XVIII, XIX, XX and even the beginning of the XXI centuries. Thus, the attitude of the philosophy of law and the theory of law is built along the «vertical»: from the ontological foundation to the construction of theoretical and historical and historical legal scientific constructions.

Visual Impairment is Not Blindness

1971 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

□ Visual impairment is not necessarily blindness and the requirements of visually impaired persons are in many ways significantly different from those of blind persons. All too often agencies for the blind have not distinguished between these different requirements in providing services. The essential difference is that blind persons must rely on their other senses in order to function, while partially sighted persons must be helped to use whatever vision they have in coordination with their other senses. In providing services to partially sighted persons, the following basic principles should be considered: 1) Full service requires the cooperation of medical, physical, and behavioral specialists; 2) Services for partially sighted clients should be individualized on the basis of their differences in degree and quality of sight; 3) Whatever vision the client has should be augmented or strengthened through either mechanical or physical means; and 4) Clients should be helped to enhance their perception to its maximum functional potential.

scholarly journals Possibilities and restrictions of the implementation of mediation in domestic violence cases

Temida ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Vera Despotovic-Stanarevic ◽  
Tamara Dzamonja-Ignjatovic
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Family Mediation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Circular Causality ◽  
Efficient Work

This paper presents a model of the implementation of mediation in cases where a power disbalance between partners exists. The model includes relevant theoretical concepts which are important for understanding of violence phenomenon in the family, and the contemporary approaches to the work on balancing unequal power in relationships. In creating the model of family mediation in cases including violence, some basic concepts of mediation procedures are modified or adjusted (neutrality, confidentiality), as well as the concept of circular causality and complementary relationships from a systemic perspective. Implementation of interdisciplinary approach is proposed for efficient work on balancing the power in relations and using various working domains. The confession of violent behavior and the acceptance of personal responsibility by the offender, and the readiness of both sides to take part in restoration of a relationship are basic principles of restorative justice that is fundamental for victim- offender mediation. Therefore, those conditions are also necessary for a family mediation in cases including elements of violence, if the security for the victim is provided and guaranteed.

scholarly journals FRANTIŠEK WEYR (1879-1951). ZAPOMNIANY NORMATYWISTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Bartosz Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Normative Theory ◽  
Law School ◽  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Representative ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Second World

FRANTIŠEK WEYR (1879-1951): A FORGOTTEN NORMATIVIST Summary František Weyr (1879-1951) was one of the most outstanding adherents of the normative theory of legal science during the inter-war period. His scholarly activity was focused on the basic issues important for normativism, on which he embarked shortly before Hans Kelsen’s, and with no influence from Kelsen (Weyr published his earliest book in 1908). Weyr was one of the founders and the main representative of the Czechoslovak Neo-Kantian Law School, which was composed of his former students, members of the Faculty of Law at the Tomáš Masaryk University in Brno. Members of the Czechoslovak Neo-Kantian Law School engaged in numerous polemics on key normativist issues (e.g. the nature of legal norms). F. Weyr’s work in the philosophy of law made a salient contribution to the turbulent history of Czechoslovakia, exerting an influence from the auspicious years of the independent Second Republic (1918-1938), through the period of the Czech and Moravian Protectorate under Nazi German occupation during the Second World War, to the postwar period under the Communist regime and its miserable demise in 1990. Weyr is appreciated in Czech scholarship for his achievements in the theory of law. Although he was one of the key figures associated with normativism, often compared with his colleague H. Kelsen, his work in scholarship is not well known in the Polish theory of law.

scholarly journals Comparative International Law

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The One

By definition, international law, once agreed upon and consented to, applies to all parties equally. It is perhaps the one area of law where cross-country comparison seems inappropriate, because all parties are governed by the same rules. However, as this book explains, states sometimes adhere to similar, and other times adopt different, interpretations of the same international norms and standards. International legal rules are not a monolithic whole, but are the basis for ongoing contestation, in which states set forth competing interpretations. International norms are interpreted and redefined by national executives, legislatures, and judiciaries. These varying and evolving interpretations can, in turn, change and impact the international rules themselves. These similarities and differences make for an important, but thus far largely unexamined, object of comparison. This is the premise for this book, and for what the editors call “comparative international law.” This book achieves three goals. The first is to show that international law is not a monolith. The second is to map the cross-country similarities and differences in international legal norms in different fields of international law, as well as their application and interpretation with regards to geographic differences. The third is to make a first and preliminary attempt to explain these differences. The book’s contributors include leading international law and comparative law scholars with diverse backgrounds, experience, and perspectives. It is organized into three broad thematic sections, exploring: conceptual matters, domestic institutions and comparative international law, and comparing approaches across issue-areas.

scholarly journals GAGASAN PENGATURAN HUKUM PEMERIKSAAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS (Suatu Evaluasi Normatif terhadap Pasal 138 - Pasal 141 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Limited Company ◽  
A Company

Law No. 40 Year 2007 oblige good corporate governance. Practically, there is a chance to do wrongful act which cause bad corporate governance. Law No. 40 Year 2007 have some legal inconsistencies, so that cause uncertainty and unused legal practically. The idea of regulating on investigating of a company in forward has to develop of strengthening of legal certainty principle and legal utility principle (besides legal justice principle) which concrete in positive legal norms about performing, governing, investigating and post-investigating of a limited company by shares as a system. Then, the revising of positive legal norms about investigating of a limited company by shares consistently, which refers to the logics of legal rules. Keywords: the investigating, limited company by shares, normative evaluation, legal inconsistency

WITH REGARD TO THE QUESTION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN ESTABLISHING ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO IMPLEMENT DECISIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S COUNTER-TERRORISM BODIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Artem V. Rudenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Principle Of Legality

The relevance of the article stems from the adoption by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of rules on administrative liability for failure to implement decisions of the anti-terrorist bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in situations of conflict with federal law regulations, caused by adoption of the Federal Law No. 82-FZ of 18 April 2018. This contradiction calls into question the conformity of the adopted norms of the laws on administrative liability of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the principle of legality, as one of the basic principles of the State’s legal system construction. The purpose of the article is to develop a position on legal conduct in a situation of con-flict with the legal norms of federal legislation in establishing administrative liability by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The possibility of establishing administrative liability at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation After the adoption of the Federal Law No 82-FZ of 18 April 2018 «On Amendments to the articles 5 and 5.1 of the Federal Law «On Counteracting Terrorism» legal conflict in the regulation of these powers has arisen. These changes affected not only the regulation of the above-mentioned powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but also the system of sources of administrative liability, since Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation states: administrative liability source system refers only to the Code and the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The article contains an analysis of possible interpretations of the provisions of federal laws on the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to establish adminis-trative liability for failure to implement decisions of the anti-terrorist bodies of the constituent entities of the Federation. Possible interpretations of the term «decisions of an anti-terrorist body» are analyzed from the point of view of the goals and tasks of formation of these bodies, their powers and organizational-steam form. The study concludes that it is necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation when determining responsibility for failure to implement decisions of the anti-terrorist bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is recommended that the legislatures of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation refrain from adopting such norms. It is recommended that the judicial authorities should take into account the provisions of the Decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 24 March 2005 No 5 « On certain issues raised by the courts in the application of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation».

METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF GENERAL THEORY OF LAW J.-L. BERGEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Вадим Леонидович Афанасьевский
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theory Of Law

Предметом статьи является экспликация методологического базиса разработанной французским правоведом Жаном-Луи Бержелем концепции общей теории права. Автор фиксирует, что методология этой конструкции отличается принципиальной спецификой от классического рационализма научного знания. Бержель для разработки проблем теории права использовал импрессионистский метод, принципиально выходящий за рамки научной методологии. Это приводит к тому, что читатель превращается в соавтора, выстраивая свое представление о предмете теории права. Причем фантазия автора и читателя ничем не ограничена, ибо она уходит от исторических трансформаций развития правовой реальности и традиций теоретического правового дискурса. В статье показано, что предложенная методология привела Бержеля к размытости и непроясненности понятийного аппарата и «терминологическому анархизму». Представив свой анализ его концепции общей теории права, автор статьи приходит к выводу, что основанием методологии Бержеля являются характерные для французской социогуманитарной мысли принципы экзистенциальной философии и постмодернистских штудий. Именно в этом коренится отсутствие целостности в теоретических построениях, наличие эклектизма и туманности употребляемых терминов и понятий. В эту парадигму прекрасно укладывается импрессионистский метод, используемый французским правоведом. Если читатель сам определяет понимание читаемого текста, то смысл уже не определяется объективной реальностью. Он выступает проблемой изолированного индивида, находящегося в произвольно выстроенном им фрагментированном мире, в том числе и мире права The subject of the article is the explication of the methodological basis of the concept of the general theory of law developed by the French jurist Jean-Louis Bergel. The author notes that the methodology of this construction differs in fundamental specificity from the classical rationalism of scientific knowledge. Bergel used the impressionist method to develop problems in the theory of law, which fundamentally went beyond the framework of scientific methodology. This leads to the fact that the reader turns into a co-author, building his own idea of the subject of the theory of law. Moreover, the imagination of the author and the reader is not limited by anything, for it moves away from the historical transformations of the development of legal reality and the traditions of theoretical legal discourse. The article shows that the proposed methodology led Bergel to a vague and unclear conceptual apparatus and «terminological anarchism». Having presented his analysis of his concept of the general theory of law, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the basis of Bergel's methodology is the principles of existential philosophy and postmodern studies that are characteristic of French socio-humanitarian thought. This is the root of the lack of integrity in theoretical constructions, the presence of eclecticism and the vagueness of the terms and concepts used. The impressionistic method used by the French jurist fits perfectly into this paradigm. If the reader himself determines the understanding of the text being read, then the meaning is no longer determined by objective reality. It acts as a problem of an isolated individual who is in a fragmented world arbitrarily built by him, including the world of law

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