scholarly journals Inter-Language Translation from Chinese to Indonesian: Strategies and Adjustments

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Clara Herlina Karjo ◽  
Yi Ying ◽  
Fu Ruomei
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Text

Translation usually involves two languages, the source language, and the target language. However, there is a certain situation that compels the use of an intermediary language for translating a source language (SL) text into a target language (TL) text. For example, when the source language texts (such as texts in Chinese) are not easily available in the target language country (such as Indonesia). This paper analyzed the strategies and adjustments made by the translators in doing inter-language translation or translation through an intermediary language, from Chinese to English to Indonesian. The purpose of this research is to compare two versions of translation, the first being the Indonesian translation from English as an intermediary language (IT) and the second is the Indonesian translation directly from Chinese (DT). Research revealed that IT used loss strategy while DT used gain strategy in the form of syntactic and semantic adjustments because there are many culture-specific items of the source language text that are unknown to either English or Indonesian. The findings imply that the translators should have enough skill and knowledge to enable them to accurately communicate the message of the source text to the target text audience.

scholarly journals Collocation and connotation in chapter “Scylla and Charybdis” of James Joyce’s Ulysses. An analytical study of the Romanian translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Andra Iulia Ursa
Keyword(s):  
James Joyce ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Target Culture ◽  
Language Text

The present article was written as part of the PhD dissertation entitled “An analysis regarding the evolution of James Joyce’s writing style in ‘Dubliners’, ‘A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man’ and ‘Ulysses’ and the strategies of translating it into Romanian”. The research starts from the hypothesis that a perfect rendition in a different language of a literary text of this type is nothing more than a utopia. However, a translator should always intend to achieve an equilibrium between the author’s intentions, the form, the content and the target culture. In “Ulysses”, James Joyce experiments with language, abandoning the definition of sense and revolutionises the art of expressing thoughts through words. The current work will concentrate on the thorough analysis of adjectival and adverbial collocations conceptualized in the ninth chapter of “Ulysses”. Our purpose is to investigate how Mircea Ivănescu’s Romanian translation deals with collocations and especially with those that typically represent Joyce’s authorial style. Mircea Ivănescu (1931-2011) is a Romanian poet and the sole translator who accomplished the difficult task of translating the entire novel, although there had been various attempts at translating only chapters of it. It is an approved work of translation, having received both praise and critical appreciation. After more than three decades from this chapter’s translation, our research aims for a further exposition of the similarities and distinctions between the source language text and the target language translation.       

scholarly journals Modulation as Variation in Target–Language Translation Equivalence: The Case of English and Slovene

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Iza Durjava
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Language Text

Modulation in translation theory is usually observed as a procedure involving a change in point of view in the target–language text. The paper introduces a newly modified concept of perceiving the process as variation in two or more Slovene translation equivalents corresponding to a single English collocation of the source text. The reasons or conditions for such modulation can be sought in collocations representing a loosely fixed word combination and thus often allowing variation on the syntagmatic axis, collocations as a minimum context and extended minimum context, co–text as a whole, and TL situation.

scholarly journals CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY: A STUDY ON THE RAINBOW TROOPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Nur Utami SK
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Formal Features

The notion of translatability is possibly done with the extent to which meaning can still be adequately conveyed across languages. For this to be feasible, meaning has to be understood not only in terms of what the source text contains, but also in terms of target audience and purpose of translation. In linguistic untranslatability, the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the source language text. If the target language has no formally corresponding feature, the text, or the item, is (relatively) untranslatable. What appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source text, is completely absent in the culture of target language. As culture has something to do with the concept, source language texts and items are more or less translatable rather than absolutely translatableoruntranslatable. An adaptation, then, is a procedure whereby the translator replaces a term with cultural connotations, where those connotations are restricted to readers of the original language text, with a term with corresponding cultural connotations that would be familiar to readers of the translated text. Translating such culturally untranslatable items entails profound knowledge on both source and target cultures. Most cases in this particular work are solved by keepingcultural terms in the source language text, with or without explanation. Ecological, social, and religious culture terms undergo the process most frequently.

scholarly journals Strategi Menterjemah dan Upaya Pengentasan Probelamatika Penerjemahan Arab di Kalangan Mahasiswa

Diwan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Meliza Budiarti
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Language Text

If someone wants to get a good quality translation, a translator cannot add or reduce the meaning contained in the source language because it is affected by the original form of the target language. Translation is a bridge between the writer of source language text and the target language reader to make the text come naturally appropriate in the target language. This is certainly different when the results of a translation are still too related to the language and culture of the source. The translation will be wrong and rigid. A translator must master the translation strategy, namely: collocation, domestication and technicality. As well as aspects that must be understood, namely: accuracy, readability and acceptability. This can also be a reference for students in finding solutions to problems in translating difficulties, especially for the Arabic Language and Literature students.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION

JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Language Text

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text

scholarly journals Optimizing Tokenization Choice for Machine Translation across Multiple Target Languages

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Zalmout ◽  
Nizar Habash
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Morphologically Rich Languages ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Language Text

AbstractTokenization is very helpful for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially when translating from morphologically rich languages. Typically, a single tokenization scheme is applied to the entire source-language text and regardless of the target language. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that SMT performance may benefit from different tokenization schemes for different words within the same text, and also for different target languages. We apply this approach to Arabic as a source language, with five target languages of varying morphological complexity: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Our results show that different target languages indeed require different source-language schemes; and a context-variable tokenization scheme can outperform a context-constant scheme with a statistically significant performance enhancement of about 1.4 BLEU points.

scholarly journals Discovering the Other through the Translation of Idiomatic Expressions by Idiomatic Equivalents: The Case of Arabic into French

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-256
Author(s):  
Amal Arrame
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Communication Situation ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions

Translation is not simple transpositions operations or transcoding processes from one language to another, it involves complex mental processes where linguistics alone cannot be sufficient. It is a communication situation between two languages, Arabic and French in this case, where the objective of the translator is the transmission of his final product in a clear way, respecting the meaning and the author intention of the original version. Translation of phrases is a real dilemma for translators; however, it turns out that it is a necessity in order to discover the other, and to try to keep the same effect as the source text by giving it a stylistic touch typical to the target language. To this end, we have carefully chosen the corpus that we have translated. A corpus that reflects the originality of the Arabic language and the possibility of reducing the linguistic, cultural and discursive gaps between Arabic and French through translation. The translation processes we have chosen, take into account the target language, French in this case, its idioms, phrases and proverbs inventory, its particularity and, finally, its ability to comprehend the idea contained in the idioms of the source language.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EU CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Indra Grietēna
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The University ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Interference Problems ◽  
State Language

The paper reviews publications by Latvian linguists looking at the main translation problems within the context of the EU between 2005 and 2010. The author analyses the publications from three aspects: general aspects of translation problems and practices within the EU context, particular translation problems, and methodological publications providing guidelines for translators working within the EU context. The author reveals discussions on the ways translation influences language in general, the role of the source language for the development of the target language, and the role and responsibility of a translator at the ‘historical crossroads’. The article discusses a number of EU-specific translation problems, including source language interference, problems of the translator’s visibility and a translation’s transparency, ‘false friends’, and linguistic and contextual untranslatability. The author briefly summarizes the contents of guidelines and manuals for translators working within the EU context, highlighting the main differences between English and Latvian written language practices, literal (word-for-word) translation and the translator’s relationship with the source text. The publications selected and analysed have been published either in conference proceedings or in academic journals from the leading Latvian institutions in the field of translation: Ventspils University College, the University of Latvia, the State Language Commission of Latvia and Translation and Terminology Centre of Latvia.

scholarly journals A Study of Neural Machine Translation from Chinese to Urdu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
. Zeeshan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Translation Methods

Machine Translation (MT) is used for giving a translation from a source language to a target language. Machine translation simply translates text or speech from one language to another language, but this process is not sufficient to give the perfect translation of a text due to the requirement of identification of whole expressions and their direct counterparts. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is one of the most standard machine translation methods, which has made great progress in the recent years especially in non-universal languages. However, local language translation software for other foreign languages is limited and needs improving. In this paper, the Chinese language is translated to the Urdu language with the help of Open Neural Machine Translation (OpenNMT) in Deep Learning. Firstly, a Chineseto Urdu language sentences datasets were established and supported with Seven million sentences. After that, these datasets were trained by using the Open Neural Machine Translation (OpenNMT) method. At the final stage, the translation was compared to the desired translation with the help of the Bleu Score Method.

scholarly journals گــام¬های عـملی یک ترجــمهء حرفه¬ای Practical Steps For Literal Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (43) ◽  
pp. 358-375
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ahmed Hussen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Foreign Text ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Contextual Meaning ◽  
Effective Translation

پژوهش حاضر که با عنوان گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حرفه­­­­­­­­ای يك تلاش فروتنانه به دنبال بررسی وتحلیل گام­های عملی ترجمه حرفه­ای است، كه هر مترجم برای ارائه یک ترجمه خوب و درست از زبان مبدأ به زبان مقصد باید ان را دنبال کند. پژوهش از شش مطلب تشکیل یافته است, كه مجموع آن گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حرفه­ای به شمار می روند .از میان مهمترین نتایجی که پژوهشگر به آن رسیده: ترجمه هم مانند هر فعالیت ادبی باید طبق مرحله­هایی یا با گام­های مرتب ویکی پس از دیگری انجام شود وگرنه کار کم اهمیت خواهد بود, و گام­های عملی ترجمه حرفه­ای عبارتنداز: انتخاب کتاب،گرفتن اجازه از صاحب اثر،شروع به ترجمهء متن اثر،ترجمهء عنوان کتاب ، ویرایش وانتخاب ناشر. Abstract The present paper, practical methods of professional translation, discusses the most important methods to achieve an accurate effective translation from the source language text to the equivalent target language text. The present study suggests that practical translation like any literary activity is of six main stages that follow sequential order to achieve an accurate translation: (choosing the foreign text to be translated, the author of the text permission, the text translation, considering the title contextual meaning, reviewing the text translation, and finally finding a good publisher).

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