scholarly journals The Methodological Principles for Translating the Literal Association (al-Mushtarak al-Lafẓī) in the Qur’ān to the English Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Yasir Sulaiman Almuways

The aim of this study is to provide methodological principles for translating the Literal Association (al-Mushtarak al-Lafẓī) in the Qur’ān which has not yet been explored in the field of translation studies due to the gap that currently exists between the science of Tafsīr (the interpretation of the Qur’ān) and the science of Translation in relation to the Literal Association Phenomenon in the Qur’ān, and this is where the research problems lie. This study employs the analytical and inductive research methodologies in which the ʾāyāt (Qur’ānic signs) of the Literal Association and their semantics (meanings) are analysed and studied based on the approach and the perspective of Ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī in his book of Tafsīr. This current study investigates and examines 581 ‘āyāt containing wordings of Literal Association from Ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī’s Tafsīr which is known as al-Tafsīr al-Maʾthūr (narration-based type of Tafsīr). This research results in an extraction of 46 methodological rules for the process of translating the Literal Association in the Qur’ān. Additionally, this research results in a disciplined systematic study with a clear methodological framework which will be used in the science of Translation in place of the translations of the Qur’ān which have rendered this phenomenon based on their literal (linguistic) meanings and not their actual intended meanings (pragmatic functions) taken from their Qur’ānic contexts which surely result in some semantic clashes and contradictions.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-194
Author(s):  
Marta Kajzer-Wietrzny ◽  
Ilmari Ivaska

Empirical Translation Studies have recently extended the scope of research to other forms of constrained and mediated communication, including bilingual communication, editing, and intralingual translation. Despite the diversity of factors accounted for so far, this new strand of research is yet to take the leap into intermodal comparisons. In this paper we look at Lexical Diversity (LD), which under different guises, has been studied both within Translation Studies (TS) and Second Language Acquisition (SLA). LD refers to the rate of word repetition, and vocabulary size and depth, and previous research indicates that translated and non-native language tends to be less lexically diverse. There is, however, no study that would investigate both varieties within a unified methodological framework. The study reported here looks at LD in spoken and written modes of constrained and non-constrained language. In a two-step analysis involving Exploratory Factor Analysis and linear mixed-effects regression models we find interpretations to be least lexically diverse and written non-constrained texts to be most diverse. Speeches delivered impromptu are less diverse than those read out loud and the non-constrained texts are more sensitive to such delivery-related differences than the constrained ones.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (XXII) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojan

The article focuses on the state of academic literature in the field of Russian translation studies based on Ewa Konefał’s latest bibliographic monograph entitled Russian translation studies. Volume 1: Abstracts of dissertations 1937–2015 (Publishing house of Gdansk University, Gdansk 2016). The first part of the article justifies the need to create bibliographic monographs, and briefly presents Polish bibliographic research in Russian studies, with 169 publications from the years 1883–2016. In the main part of the article, the author discusses Konefał’s work and presents statistical data of documents from the field of Russian translation studies available in libraries in Russia and Post-Soviet countries based on Konefał’s research results. The total number of the excerpted titles of dissertations (PhD and postdoctoral) in the years 1937–2015 is 2202, with 87.5% belonging to the field of philology (1927 positions).


2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  

Damian Trilling & Jelle Boumans Automated analysis of Dutch language-based texts. An overview and research agenda While automated methods of content analysis are increasingly popular in today’s communication research, these methods have hardly been adopted by communication scholars studying texts in Dutch. This essay offers an overview of the possibilities and current limitations of automated text analysis approaches in the context of the Dutch language. Particularly in dictionary-based approaches, research is far less prolific as research on the English language. We divide the most common types of content-analytical research questions into three categories: 1) research problems for which automated methods ought to be used, 2) research problems for which automated methods could be used, and 3) research problems for which automated methods (currently) cannot be used. Finally, we give suggestions for the advancement of automated text analysis approaches for Dutch texts. Keywords: automated content analysis, Dutch, dictionaries, supervised machine learning, unsupervised machine learning


2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Olga Reznikova

The article explores the development of methodological principles in the field of strategic planning and management and the development of planning documents in the field of national security, taking into account the peculiarities of the current stage of global development, the variability of the security environment. The purpose of this article is to identify problematic issues in the field of national security planning in Ukraine and ways to improve the process of development and implementation of the National Security Strategy, taking into account the best world practices. The research is based on the analysis of publications by domestic and foreign researchers in the field of strategic planning, appropriate legal acts of Ukraine, as well as the author's experience gained from her involving in development of draft strategic documents of the state. This article is focusing on solving the following scientific and practical problems: identification of the main trends in the development of methodological framework of strategic planning in the field of national security; identification of problems in the field of strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine; identification of scientifically substantiated ways to improve the process of strategic planning in the field of national security in Ukraine, taking into account the best international practices. The main research methods are empirical (in particular, observations, descriptions, comparisons) and general scientific (primarily, analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation, historical and logical methods, etc.). The main results of the study are, in particular, the following: It is determined that in accordance to the best world practices the development of national security strategies take into account the principles of national resilience and the wide expert involvement in the process of preparation of such a document is recommended. The growing role of strategic management and the need to ensure national resilience characterize current trends in the development of methodological framework of strategic planning in the field of national security. It is emphasized that the very fact that the state has a national security strategy based on the scientific ground is not a guarantee of achieving certain goals and results in practice. Therefore, the process of implementation of such a document should be under constant control by the public authorities. The new cycle of planning has been starting after the adoption in 2020 of the new National Security Strategy of Ukraine. The analysis conducted by the author revealed a number of problematic issues, the solution of which requires, in particular, the amendment to the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" in terms of strategic planning. The fundamental differences and innovations of the current National Security Strategy of Ukraine in comparison with its previous editions are determined. It is emphasized that lessons from the experience of implementing strategic planning documents in the field of national security should be learned in Ukraine. It is determined that the low level of implementation of previous national security strategies of Ukraine was caused by the declarative nature of some of their norms, lack and formality of control over the implementation of such documents, lack of reporting procedures, indicators and criteria for evaluating the results, including for their compliance with certain objectives. The lack of attention to the analysis of the security situation in appropriate field, risk assessment, forecasting, threat identification and vulnerability detection are identified as some of the most significant problems during the preparation of strategic planning documents in the field of national security. Based on the results of the study, recommendations for the state authorities of Ukraine were prepared.


Author(s):  
Elena Mikhailovna Severina

This article reviews the methodological principles of studying cultural concepts in the context of cognitive approach, possibilities for conducting reconstruction of certain fragments of linguistic worldview based on the material of digital text corpora. Leaning on the cognitive approach towards concept as a unit of structured and unstructured knowledge that forms cognition of a separate individual and culture as a whole, results of conceptual research of the texts of philosophers who view culture as symbolic creativity of a person associated with freedom (concepts of I. Kant, E. Cassirer, N. A. Berdyaev), the authors conducted reconstruction of certain fragments of the linguistic worldview and ordinary consciousness, correlated with the concept of “culture” in digital text corpora in the Russian and Anglo-Saxon cultures. Examination of the contexts of usage of verbal representations of the concept of “culture” in the digital text corpora of Russian language and different varieties of English language demonstrates that the crucial ideological values of Anglo-Saxon linguistic worldview are the following representations: culture is of instrumental nature; civilization is considered as the path development of humanity; freedom is viewed as an intrinsic right to freedom that should be protected, i.e. initial and inherent to a human. In the Russian-language texts, culture implies the value-based attitude towards world, mostly associated with the national culture; civilization is viewed in the context of a value-based attitude towards world, but as the path of development of humanity as a whole; freedom has value-based individual, personalistic connotation, supposed to be full, absolute, which is often understood as the liberty of action and choice. It is underlines that utilization of corpus methods allows reconstructing the techniques of formation of worldview, choice of value priorities, mechanisms of perception of surrounding reality in a specific culture from contexts of practical usage of the verbal manifestations of cultural concepts.


2019 ◽  

The paper, in its first part, outlines the Slovak research into audiovisual translation (AVT) from the 1950s up to the present, paying attention to the most important scholars as well as publications that helped to shape and establish the discipline within Slovak translation studies. It is based on the ongoing bibliographical research and the historical explanation mapping the development of AVT research in Slovakia by I. Tyšš – e.g. his publication Myslenie o audiovizuálnom preklade na Slovensku: 1952 – 2017 (Thinking on Audiovisual Translation in Slovakia: 1952 – 2017, 2018) – as well as on own findings covering the last two years. In more detail, the first part of the paper highlights that it was primarily thanks to a younger generation of translation studies scholars – especially E. Perez (née Janecová), L. Paulínyová (née Kozáková) and J. Želonka – that in 2012 the Slovak research into AVT finally became systematic. The second part of the paper is devoted to the phenomenon of the so-called second-hand translation of originally Russian audiovisual works that may be observed in Slovakia in recent years. The questionable nature of this phenomenon is stressed since the Russian language is not a language of limited diffusion and definitely not remote in relation to the Slovak cultural space. On the example of two documentary films – Под властью мусора (Held Captive by Rubbish, 2013) and Дух в движении (Spirit in Motion, 2015), the author discusses and analyses the problems that occur when translating originally Russian AV works into Slovak through the English language, i.e. the negative shifts resulting from mis-/overinterpretation of the source text, translation by omission, wrong order of dialogues, cultural specifics and incorrect transcription.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-338
Author(s):  
Sergii Iermakov ◽  
Tetiana Yermakova ◽  
Krzysztof Wnorowski ◽  
Abdelkrim Bensbaa

Background and Study Aim. The inclusion of beach volleyball in the program of the Olympic Games gave some impetus to the development of scientific research on various problems of training athletes. Most of the research results are presented in journals included in the Web of Science Core Collection. However, the publication of research results in journals from national databases remains outside the scope of this database. The aim of this study is to systematically review the scientific literature on various beach volleyball issues in Russian-language scientific resources. Material and Methods. The sources of information were the authoritative database Web of Science Core Collection, Russian Science Citation Index, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU (Russia), National Repositary of Academic Texts (Ukraine). Data extraction from these databases was carried out using the keywords “volleyball” / “beach”. A total of 1,875 documents were found for the keyword “volleyball”. Of these, the keyword “beach” - 273 documents. Further analysis was carried out on 273 documents. The search query results were recorded in the form of tables and a special text file, which were processed in the VOSviewer 1.6.17 program. Results. The most significant and more popular subject categories, journals, authors, articles, keywords have been identified. The relationship between keywords and individual groups of publications has been established. A method for extracting data from the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU in a semiautomatic mode is presented. The trends in the development of beach volleyball in various aspects of the training of elite athletes and the sports reserve, the health-improving function of beach volleyball for youth are shown. Conclusions. Differences in the content of research between Russian-language and English-language resources are a good complement to each other. This fact may contribute to solving the problems of beach volleyball and international cooperation of researchers.


Author(s):  
Shubhra Upadhyay

Abstract: Research methodology is a method to consistently resolve the research problem. Research methodology may be termed as knowledge of science for studying how research is done empirically and theoretically. In this paper we have studied different steps that are usually taken by a researcher in studying his research problem of civil engineering along with the logic behind them. It is utmost important for the researcher to have the knowledge of the research techniques/method along with its methodology. Researchers also need to understand the presumptions underlying various techniques and they need to know the criteria by which they can decide that certain techniques and procedures will be applicable to certain problems and others will not. All this means that it is necessary for the researcher to design his methodology for his problem as the same may differ from problem to problem. Research methodologies are the need of hour due to modernization in research field of civil engineering. Nowadays only innovative research methods are adopted in branch of civil engineering like geotechnical engineering, geoenvironmental engineering, structural engineering, geo-mechanics etc so that best results are obtained from these methodologies. In this paper we are going to discuss role of some of the research methodologies used for research purposes in geotechnical engineering for respective research problems. Keywords: Research methodology, geotechnical engineering, pushover analysis, FLAC method, numerical method,


Author(s):  
Ivana Roncevic

In this study eye tracking software was used to analyse the ways in which university students, adult competent speakers of English at C1 level, process information when reading texts in the target language, and which strategies they use in order to summarise a given text. Research results point to four different reading techniques used by the participants in the study: partly selective fast linear, partly selective slow linear, selective structural and nonselective reading strategies. In comparison with previous research with reading tasks in L1, results show that readers take more time when reading in L2. In addition, there is a need for skill enhancement for the purpose of improved text structuring in reading tasks in the English language.


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