scholarly journals Bridging the Cultural Divide: A Study of the Published English Versions of Some of Gamal Al-Ghitani Literary Works

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Amr Nour El Din ◽  
Dheya S. Al-Jalahma
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Action ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Cultural Divide ◽  
Equivalent Effect ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
Vexed Question ◽  
Rule Out

This research paper is an attempt to evaluate Peter Newmark's semantic and communicative approaches that are commonly adopted by translators to impart the flavor of the Egyptian culture to the Anglophone readers. The two approaches are diametrically opposed: the semantic approach involves the transfer of the text literally without any alteration: it preserves the length of sentences, position and integrity of clauses and words. It is author-oriented in the sense that it closely pursues the author's thought process and disregards the response of the target readers. This approach does not pay heed to the message of the writer and the target readers may find it difficult to digest the target text. The communicative approach, on the other hand, sets great store on the target reader and the response of the receptor. It attempts to generate a meaning that will elicit a response from the target recipients that approximates the response of the SL readers. It also advocates the equivalent-effect principle of translation which tends to rule out the predominance of words and structure.   This paper attempts to address the vexed question of choosing an optimal translation approach and whether to represent the source culture in Target Text by highlighting the importance of the functional approach to translation which is based on the Skopostheorie, for it strikes a balance between Newmark's approaches by according priority to the function the translated text is intended to fulfill. Although this Skopostheorie has drawn many criticisms, some of them have been refuted; it is practically useful to adopt it provided the translator voices his/her opinion which is soundly based on his/her expertise and does not follow blindly what the commissioner/client dictates to him/her. Translation is not all about linguistic transcoding, or cultural transference, rather it is a communicative action determined by a purpose. Translators can safely produce skopos-based translation provided that they observe the principles of coherence and culture. Some of Gamal Al-Ghitani's literary works are selected to put theories into practice since they are replete with expressions that reflect the Egyptian culture hence pose a challenge to the translator.

scholarly journals The implementation of literary works In teaching literary translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Sylvie Meiliana
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
Translation Procedure

The aim of this research is to show the implementation of literary works in literary translation by giving the way how to implement the literary work in revealing cultural terms found in a literary work, namely Achmad Tohari’s Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Novel. Based on the literary work, the research on literary translation is done by investigating the translation procedure applied in translating the cultural terms from Indonesian into English. This research used a  descriptive qualitative method with content analysis technique done by taking the flow model followed by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The analysis used a semantic approach and Peter Newmark’s translation procedures. Result of the research shown by implementing literary work, the research of literary translation reveals that there are 16 cultural terms and classified in 6 different categories, they are musical instruments, clothes, accessories, work and leisure, activities and procedures, and religious terms. In translating the novel, there are 7 translation procedures used by the translator, they are transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, couplets, and notes.

scholarly journals Keeping the personality in the information societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 1252-1269
Author(s):  
Andrey Linde
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Life World ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Theory Of Communicative Action ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the paper is to define how the sociopolitical thought of J. Habermas – his theory of communicative action and the concept of deliberative democracy – guarantees the protection and keeping of an independent human personality in modern information societies. In order to solve this problem, the author seeks to determine what is meant by a “personality”. Analyzing this issue, the author distinguishes two different understandings of a personality among J. Habermas’s works: philosophical-personalistic and public-sociological. When integrating these understandings, the author gives an original socio-philosophical definition of a personality, in which the personality retains both individualistic and social traits. It is especially emphasized that for the affirmation of the personality and his/her development, an equal, subject-subject dialogue with Others is necessary. The paper reveals that the development of personality, first of all, is interrelated with the maintenance of a cultural, normative and valuable “life-world”, which is violated by the mechanisms of systematic technocratic regulation in modern times, in a society. The principles of this regulation are justified in a system-functional approach. The advantages of J. Habermas’s approach, capable of ensuring the development of a genuine normative essence of personality, are determined

scholarly journals Different Approaches to the Objects of Phraseology in Linguistics

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Kamala Vasif Guliyeva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>The article deals with phraseology and its object. Phraseology is known to be one of the difficult, debatable and interesting parts of linguistics. It appeared in the middle of the 19th century as a science, and was firstly dealt widely with by the scholars of the post-Soviet country. The early researchers of phraseology were Russian scholars and linguists such as Abakumov, Reformatski, Arnold, Bulakhovski, Ojegov, Amosova, Vinogradov, etc. Though being mostly investigated by Russian specialist, phraseology has been the target of the research of the following Azerbaijan linguists—Seyidov, Shiraliyev, Bayramov, Rustamov, Huseynzade, &amp; Veliyeva. The subject matter of phraseology was very interesting to most linguists, however, it was impossible to originate a single theory on phraseology.</p><p>In this article we have touched upon the main terms used in phraseology, such as, set expression, idiom, set phrase, fixed word-groups, word-equivalent, phraseological unit, etc. These terms are defined differently by some scholars. Connotational and denotational meanings of phraseological units are described discussed here. Besides, three approaches to the study of phraseological units (semantic approach, functional approach, contextual approach) are discussed in details.</p>

scholarly journals Hegemoni Ideologi Feodalistis dalam Karya Sastra Berlatar Sosiokultural Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
I Kadek Adhi Dwipayana ◽  
Gede Sidi Artajaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Sociocultural Background ◽  
Sociological Discourse

This study examines forms of feudalistic ideological hegemony and character resistance against them in literary works set against Balinese sociocultural. This research has a theoretical contribution to the development of science especially about sociological discourse in literature. This study uses a critical descriptive qualitative research design that moves from a functional approach to literary works with Balinese sociocultural background. The primary data sources in this study were the novels of Tarian Bumi (2007) by Oka Rusmini, Incest (2008) by I Wayan Artika, and short story Ketika Kentongan Dipukul di Bale Banjar (1969) by Rasta Sindhu. The study concludes that the feudalistic ideological hegemony in Balinese sociocultural literary works are represented by customary matters of adat and the caste system. The characters resistance against them are carried out in various ways ranging from being strong, independent, showing mimicry attitude; masculinity and sexual disorientation, and being reactionary.

scholarly journals UNVEILING THAHA HUSEIN'S CONTROVERSY ON CLASSICAL ARABIC LITERATURE EXISTENCE (CRITICAL METHODOLOGY OF THE BOOK ‘FI AL-ADAB AL-JAHILI’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Akhmad Muzakki
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Critical Methodology ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Rule Out

Descartes' philosophical thinking influences the method of literary criticism developed by Thaha Husein, namely, cogito ergo sum 'I think, therefore I am.' To ensure that something exists, it must be doubted first. Likewise, the existence of jahili Arabic literature, which was conveyed verbally from generation to generation, did not rule out counterfeiting. However, Thaha Husein only saw the existence of jahili Arabic literature autonomously by denying the external factors surrounding it. Though literary works are manifestations and reflections of socio-cultural conditions that establish dialectical relations with the author, therefore, the extrinsic aspects that exist outside the text that characterize the original building of literary works cannot be ignored.

scholarly journals Konflik Batin Tokoh “Aku” dalam Novel Garis Waktu Karya Fiersa Besari

GERAM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Hadi Rumadi ◽  
Syafrial ◽  
Sri Wulan Fajriani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rule Out

The inner conflict is a part of the prosaic objectivity elements that are inherent in the characters, especially novels. It occurs as the attraction of the story so that the values ​​of ethics and personal values ​​are illustrated that can be enjoyed. Internal conflict as a reflection of the fact of humanity that is always faced by anyone, does not rule out the possibility of figures contained in literary works. With its existence makes the story more alive and meaningful with all events in it. The focus of inner conflict in this novel is the perspective of the first person 'I', the author of the novel himself, Fiersa Besari. So, this study aimed to describe the inner conflict on the character "I" in Garis Waktu novel written by Fiersa Besari. It was a qualitative study that used a descriptive-analytical method. Garis Waktu Novel was used as a source of data. Identification, description analysis, discussion, and conclusions were applied to analyze the data. The results were the personal life of the character 'I' through psychoanalytic studies. His personal life did not merely apply because of the personality concept as a writer, all the inner conflicts that occurred also related to the social external concepts of characters, where there was an involvement of other people in creating inner conflicts within the character. The conclusion is the inner conflict faced which is a form of emotional overflow that occurs because the elements in themselves are influenced by external elements, so as a character often this inner conflict is a part of personality that cannot be avoided by humans themselves, including the figure of Fiersa Besari.

scholarly journals Sentential operators – their interaction (with vectors of time, causality and epistemic relevance) and their constructions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
František Gahér
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Epistemic Goal ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Compound Sentence

AbstractThe paper starts by briefly describing the so‐called truth‐functional approach to sentential operators, typical to logic, as opposed to the more multi‐faceted approach of linguistics. The latter reflects the more complex, substantial relations between the contents of utterances, emphasizing the logico‐semantical relations and functions of sentential operators. However, as an alternative to the pragmatically inclined critique of the truth‐functional approach, the paper proposes two possible directions of explaining the specific content of sentential operators by virtue of which they transcend the role of mere truth functions. Firstly, the paper summarizes our previous investigations into the interactions between sentential operators and (1) the vector of the course of events described by a compound sentence, and (2) the direction of grammatical time captured by a compound sentence. The paper focuses on how this interaction is coordinated with the particular epistemic goal (prediction, explanation etc.) pursued when using the meaning of a complex sentence. Using the concepts of necessary and sufficient conditions, and by characterizing the vectors of condition (the if‐vector), time and relevance (dominance or the epistemic vector), the paper demarcates the rules of correspondence for conditional operators as cases of combinatorics, as described by some linguists. Secondly, based on a distinction between different constructions the same operators as truth‐functions, the paper provides a logico‐semantical explanation of the specific meaning of the else, unless and although connectives, traditionally discussed by linguists. We believe that the extensions proposed here move the camp defending a logico‐semantic approach to sentential operators at least somewhat closer to the camp of linguistic investigation.

scholarly journals Qur’anic Allusions in Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley: Comparing Two Arabic-English Translations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla R. Aldeeb
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Skopos Theory ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
The Holy Quran

The Holy Quran is a crucial text in the Arabic culture, and hence the Arabic literature uses it extensively. As a hypertext, the Quran transcends its function in the Arabic culture, and Qur’anic verses and phrases serve in literary works as pieces of advice and expressions of wisdom. This paper aims to compare the two English translations of Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley (1947), by Trevor Le Gassick (1966), and Humphery Davies (2011). The paper examines the rendition of allusions to Quran and explores the strategies deployed by the translators. The language used in the source text reflects the culture in which it is born and determines the ideologies of its users. Before Mahfouz won the Noble Prize in 1988, the Westerners were prejudiced “against Arabs and Islam,” and they considered Arabic literature as embargoed (Said, September 17, 1999). The paper hypothesizes that the purpose of the two translations of Midaq Alley is to transfer the Egyptian culture to the target reader (TR). The underpinning approach is skopos theory, whose principles are: skopos, coherence, and loyalty (Nord, 2018). The paper queries how loyal each translator is to the ST and ST author to achieve functional adequacy. One finding shows that Le Gassick renders the Quranic allusions literally ignoring the SC; however, Davies either uses cultural equivalents or resorts to paraphrasing, reducing the image to its sense. Second, the new translation of Davies transfers the Qur’anic culture-specific images feasibly. Finally, not recognizing the pictures and their functions in the ST affects their interpretations negatively.

A rapid method for the direct identification of paramyxovirus in canine CSF by ultracentrifugation and negative staining as a rule out for distemper

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
W.L. Steffens ◽  
M.B. Ard ◽  
C.E. Greene ◽  
A. Jaggy
Keyword(s):  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Rule Out

Canine distemper is a multisystemic contagious viral disease having a worldwide distribution, a high mortality rate, and significant central neurologic system (CNS) complications. In its systemic manifestations, it is often presumptively diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and history. Few definitive antemortem diagnostic tests exist, and most are limited to the detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence techniques on tissues or cytologic specimens or high immunoglobulin levels in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). Diagnosis of CNS distemper is often unreliable due to the relatively low cell count in CSF (<50 cells/μl) and the binding of blocking immunoglobulins in CSF to cell surfaces. A more reliable and definitive test might be possible utilizing direct morphologic detection of the etiologic agent. Distemper is the canine equivalent of human measles, in that both involve a closely related member of the Paramyxoviridae, both produce mucosal inflammation, and may produce CNS complications. In humans, diagnosis of measles-induced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is through negative stain identification of whole or incomplete viral particles in patient CSF.

Impairment Questions and Answers

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Validity ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Symptom Validity Testing ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Blurry Vision ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Choice Testing ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Symptom validity testing, also known as forced-choice testing, is a way to assess the validity of sensory and memory deficits, including tactile anesthesias, paresthesias, blindness, color blindness, tunnel vision, blurry vision, and deafness—the common feature of which is a claimed inability to perceive or remember a sensory signal. Symptom validity testing comprises two elements: A specific ability is assessed by presenting a large number of items in a multiple-choice format, and then the examinee's performance is compared with the statistical likelihood of success based on chance alone. Scoring below a norm can be explained in many different ways (eg, fatigue, evaluation anxiety, limited intelligence, and so on), but scoring below the probabilities of chance alone most likely indicates deliberate deception. The positive predictive value of the symptom validity technique likely is quite high because there is no alternative explanation to deliberate distortion when performance is below the probability of chance. The sensitivity of this technique is not likely to be good because, as with a thermometer, positive findings indicate that a problem is present, but negative results do not rule out a problem. Although a compelling conclusion is that the examinee who scores below probabilities is deliberately motivated to perform poorly, malingering must be concluded from the total clinical context.

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