scholarly journals The Self-employment of Women in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Krystyna Gomółka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Self ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Secular State

Azerbaijan has a population of more than 10 million, of which women accounted for 50% in 2020. At the same time, 93% of Azerbaijan’s citizens describe themselves as Muslims. Since the beginning of independence, Azerbaijan has been a secular state by virtue of Article 48 of the Constitution, which guarantees the freedom of worship, choice, or nonpractice of religion and the freedom of expression of one’s own views on religion. This article aims to assess the changes in the self-employment of women in Azerbaijan through a deductive analysis of data and observation of changes in the structure of resources based on generally available macroeconomic data. This study focuses on the situation of women on the Azerbaijani labour market over the two decades of the 21st century. The numbers of economically active women, including those in employment and the unemployed, and economically inactive women are specified. Further, the government’s legal and financial policy in respect of women’s self-employment is analysed. The author determines what percentage of companies were set up by women and in which sectors and locations.

De ontmythologisering van de zzp-trend

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Dekker ◽  
Lian Kösters
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Relative Probability ◽  
Labour Relation ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Security

The demythologization of the self-employment trend The demythologization of the self-employment trend In this article we investigate which factors contribute to the growth of the number of self-employed workers and which factors cause a decrease in that number. On the basis of this analysis we make inferences about the probability of continued growth. The factors that contribute to growth and decrease are derived from the available literature and are put into practice in a multivariate analysis, in which a comprehensive set of individual characteristics is used to explain the relative probability of becoming a self-employed worker. From the analysis we can conclude that the relative probability to become a self-employed worker is influenced primarily by age, gender and educational attainment. On the basis of the analysis and the literature we conclude that the growth in the number of self-employed workers is likely to continue, though not to the extent where self-employment is the standard labour relation on the Dutch labour market. However, the growth in self-employment does mean that an increasing number of workers are facing lower levels of income and employment security. A number of policy options to deal with these problems is discussed.

Staying in or switching between permanent, temporary and self-employment during 2008–2010: Associations with changing job characteristics and emotional exhaustion

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bernhard-Oettel ◽  
Constanze Leineweber ◽  
Hugo Westerlund
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Before And After

Labour market segmentation theories suggest that permanent and temporary workers are exposed to economic risks to different degrees, and differ in their working life quality and well-being. However, few studies have tested these ideas during times of economic crisis. Also, little is known about how the self-employed compare to permanent and temporary workers and are affected by economic downturns. This study investigated Swedish workers in different labour market segments before and after the financial crisis (2008 and 2010). More specifically, it looked at job characteristics and strain differences between permanent, temporary and self-employed workers. Data ( N = 6335) came from SLOSH, a longitudinal representative cohort study of the Swedish workforce. Contradicting segmentation theories, differences between permanent and temporary workers were small. The self-employed stood out with favourable job characteristics, but comparable strain levels. During the crisis, work demands and strain declined for many of the workers studied here.

Maakt zzp'er worden tevreden?

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Josten ◽  
Jan Dirk Vlasblom
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
The Self ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Worker Satisfaction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Job Content ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Does becoming a self-employed person give you job satisfaction? The solo self-employed in the Netherlands have higher job satisfaction on average than employees. It is unclear whether this is due to selection – people who become self-employed may have a more optimistic outlook on life – or whether this is caused by the change to becoming self-employed itself. We also do not know what happens to job satisfaction when people switch to self-employment more or less out of necessity, namely because they lost their jobs as an employee or were in danger of losing it. Longitudinal analyses on 144 employees who became solo self-employed and a comparison group of 10,518 people who remained with an employer (Dutch Labour Supply Panel 2004-2014) show that the higher satisfaction levels among the self-employed are due to the switch to self-employment. Autonomy, satisfaction with job content and overall job satisfaction grew among employees who set up as self-employed persons. Pay satisfaction and the match between work and private schedules did not change. Job satisfaction also rose among employees who had lost their job or had expected to lose it, and had changed to working as a self-employed person. Perhaps only people who really suit being an entrepreneur – also those among employees whose jobs are in danger – choose to work as a self-employed person. The results suggest that – from the perspective of worker satisfaction – there is no reason to contain the growth in the number of the solo self-employed.

In times of uncertainty: do temporary workers have the intention and willingness to become entrepreneurs?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Fernandes Costa ◽  
António Caetano ◽  
Susana Correia Santos
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
The Self ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Different Levels

Temporary workers are an increasingly representative group in the labour market. They work in precarious situations and are aware that stability and predictability of employment are no longer guaranteed. Entrepreneurship may be an alternative for these workers, even in the form of self-employment. The purpose of this study is to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions and the willingness to consider entrepreneurship as a career option by temporary workers. Specifically, we aim to analyse the self-perception of entrepreneurial competencies of a group of temporary workers. Drawing from our results we conclude that the self-perception of different levels of entrepreneurial competencies is associated with different intentions and willingness to considering entrepreneurship as a career option. This study is a first step in understanding how temporary workers in a changing labour market perceive entrepreneurship as well as their skills to engage in entrepreneurial activities as a career option.

scholarly journals Social protection for the self-employed in the UK: the disappearing contributions increase

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Fran Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Parental Benefits ◽  
Recent Government

A recent government proposal to increase national insurance contributions for the self-employed in the UK, in return for improved pensions and potentially also parental benefits, was immediately reversed. This article analyses the reasons behind this about-turn, linking them to tensions between the goals of thwarting ‘bogus’ self-employment and increasing tax revenues versus commitment to a higher wage, lower tax, lower welfare economy. The analysis is set in the context of the singularity of the UK system in relation to much social protection in continental Europe, and wider debates about the roles of individual, state and labour market in providing security.

Self-Employment Experiences of Young Graduates: New Forms of Professional (in)Dependence

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Marques
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Individual Choices

In recent decades, self-employment has been considered a central issue regarding labour market opportunities and individual choices. However, self-employment experiences of young graduates reveal increasing insecurity that characterises the precariousness of current labour relations. In this paper, we intend to reflect critically on the concepts of self-employment, entrepreneurship/creation of businesses, taking into account the main arguments arising from the crisis of employment regulations. This paper aims to support in some research evidence based on an extensive survey applied in two public universities in Portugal (N 1004). Our focus will be on personal profiles of self-employed graduates, as well as the "oppositions" which structure their professional relations of independence/ dependence. In this regard, it is suggested that we are witnessing a reconfiguration of the professional patterns of transition from higher education into the labour market which integrate traits of individualisation and autonomy as well as uncertainty and vulnerability. However, for a comprehensive approach to the self-employment thematic, additional research is still needed in order to shed further light on the understanding of the labour market as one of the main facets of social and socio-economic insecurity and risks in contemporary European societies.

scholarly journals In their own words:Unemployed young people on tackling youth labour market constraints in Botswana

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latang Sechele
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Youth Voice ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Unemployed Youth ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Youth Labour

<p>Drawing on focus group discussions with unemployed young people in Gaborone and Mogoditshane, Botswana, this paper seeks to capture the ideas of young people regarding how labour market entry constraints could be weakened to provide an enabling environment for wage employment and self-employment. The research is framed on the interpretive paradigm that conceives of youth as agents that are skilled, knowledgeable and capable of reflecting on matters that affect their existence. This is contrary to other studies of the labour market that privilege expert knowledge, presenting young people as voiceless, less knowledgeable and overwhelmed by structures. The suggested employment strategies by the unemployed youth were found to be feasible and matching expert knowledge. This justifies a call to pay attention to the voices of youth in the design of youth labour market policies and programmes.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Youth voice, labour market constraints, employment strategies, Botswana</p>

Self-Employment Career Dynamics: The Case of `Unemployment Push' in UK Book Publishing

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Granger ◽  
John Stanworth ◽  
Celia Stanworth
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Vitality ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The recent revival of self-employment in the UK and other advanced industrialized economies has been viewed contrastingly as an indication of economic vitality and, alternatively, as a form of labour market deficiency. These different perceptions rest essentially on two opposing processes of entry into self-employment -'entrepreneurial pull' and `unemployment push'. The research reported here, into freelancing in book publishing, reveals patterns of entry into self-employment which reflect the presence of both these processes, plus additional configurations and changes over time. The respondents, being predominantly female, were ultra-typical of those who swelled the self-employed workforce during the 1980s, when the number of female self-employed without employees doubled in the period 1981-93.

scholarly journals SELF-GENERATED ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AS A FORM OF EMPLOYMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Paulina Stolarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Negative Factors

The article presents the factors that limit starting one’s own business. Self-employment is one way to integrate disabled people into the labour market and to utilize resources from the labour force of disabled people. The results are obtained on the basis of a study conducted by the author in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship among people with disabilities. The conducted research shows that self-employment is not willingly chosen by people with disabilities. People with disabilities see many negative factors (reasons) that make it difficult to set up and run their own businesses. Their state of health and a lack of resources are the main hindrances to starting a business. The tools/instruments used by the state to facilitate self-employment are also indicated. Through self-employment people with disabilities create a workplace (position) for themselves and decide to enter or return to the labour market. Bureacratic support and appropriate motivation to take up professional activity is also very important as it reduces the number of those who remain unemployed.

In and Out of Self-Employment, Are You Really an Entrepreneur: The Rise of a New Division?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Maher Hussein ◽  
Moustafa Salman Haj Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Power ◽  
The Self ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper examines self-employed individuals in the UK Labour market. We use an amalgamated dataset, the British Household Panel Survey, from the years 1991 to 2008, and its successor the United Kingdom Longitudinal Study, from years 2010 to 2014, following 11,657 respondents in the UK for 23 years. We explore the characteristics of different self-employed groups and create a new division that differentiates those who sustain in self-employment from those who move between self-employment and employee jobs. The sample size consists of 1146 sustained self-employed, 1149 dabbled self-employed and 9362 paid workers. We found that dabblers exhibit unique set of attributes that place them in a distinct position compared to sustained self-employed and/or employees. Dabblers seem to be ‘pulled’ rather than ‘pushed’ into self-employment, reflecting a labour market ‘power’ instead of deficiency. Thus, bringing key insight into a group who have not been separately identified in the labour market to date, the self-employed dabblers.

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