scholarly journals Eksistensi Homo Neandertal dan Homo Sapiens Sapiens dalam Perspektif Sains dan Al-Qur’an

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Tomi Apra Santosa Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Study Methods

This research aims to find out the existence of Homo neandertal and Homo sapiens from the perspective of science and the Qur'an. This research is qualitative research with library study methods. Namely the presentation of data by tracing Islamic and scientific manuscripts in the form of books, journals, and so on, combining, analyzing, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study area in the science of Homo neandertal is a human species thought to be the ancestor of ancient Europe. In the Qur'an homo neandertal is Al-basyar which has been mentioned by Allah in surah Al-Baqarah verse 30. Homo Sapien sapiens were modern ancient humans who were the ancestors of the Mongols and Melanesians. In the Qur'an, Homo sapiens sapiens is thought to be the evolution of the previous man to become the caliph on earth as God said in Surah Noah 14, 17, and Surah As-Shaad verse 26.

Evolution of intentional teaching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gärdenfors ◽  
Anders Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Teaching By Demonstration

Only among humans is teaching intentional, socially structured, and symbolically mediated. In this chapter, evidence regarding the evolution of the mindreading and communicative capacities underlying intentional teaching is reviewed. Play, rehearsal, and apprenticeship are discussed as central to the analyses of teaching. We present a series of levels of teaching. First of all, we separate non-intentional from intentional teaching. For non-intentional teaching, we discuss facilitation and approval/disapproval and analyze examples from non-human species. We then distinguish between six levels of intentional teaching: (1) intentional approval/disapproval, (2) drawing attention, (3) demonstrating, (4) communicating concepts, (5) explaining concept relations, and (6) narrating. We hypothesize that level after level has been added during the evolution of teaching. We analyze communicative requirements for the levels, concluding that displaced communication is required for level 4 and symbolic language only for levels 5 to 6. We focus on the role of demonstration and pantomime and argue that pantomime has been instrumental in the evolution of language. We present archaeological evidence for when the different levels of teaching emerge. We argue that learning Oldowan technology requires teaching by demonstration, and that learning Acheulean hand-axe technology requires communicating concepts. It follows that several levels of intentional teaching predate homo sapiens.

Isolation and Insulation, 22000 BC–3000 BC

The Great Sea ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abulafia
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Species ◽  
American School ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Populations

Carved out millions of years before mankind reached its coasts, the Mediterranean Sea became a ‘sea between the lands’ linking opposite shores once human beings traversed its surface in search of habitation, food or other vital resources. Early types of humans inhabited the lands bordering the Mediterranean 435,000 years before the present, to judge from evidence for a hunters’ camp set up near modern Rome; others built a simple hut out of branches at Terra Amata near Nice, and created a hearth in the middle of their dwelling – their diet included rhinoceros and elephant meat as well as deer, rabbits and wild pigs. When early man first ventured out across the sea’s waters is uncertain. In 2010, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens announced the discovery in Crete of quartz hand-axes dated to before 130,000 BC, indicating that early types of humans found some means to cross the sea, though these people may have been swept there unintentionally on storm debris. Discoveries in caves on Gibraltar prove that 24,000 years ago another species of human looked across the sea towards the mountain of Jebel Musa, clearly visible on the facing shore of Africa: the first Neanderthal bones ever discovered, in 1848, were those of a woman who lived in a cave on the side of the Rock of Gibraltar. Since the original finds were not immediately identified as the remains of a different human species, it was only when, eight years later, similar bones were unearthed in the Neander Valley in Germany that this species gained a name: Neanderthal Man should carry the name Gibraltar Woman. The Gibraltar Neanderthals made use of the sea that lapped the shores of their territory, for their diet included shellfish and crustaceans, even turtles and seals, though at this time a flat plain separated their rock caves from the sea. But there is no evidence for a Neanderthal population in Morocco, which was colonized by homo sapiens sapiens, our own branch of humanity. The Straits apparently kept the two populations apart.

scholarly journals Generic Homo sapiens and Unique Mus musculus: Establishing the Typicality of the Modeled and the Model Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Brain Mass ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Neural Architecture

The question of how complex human abilities evolved, such as language or face recognition, has been pursued by means of multiple strategies. Highly specialized non-human species have been examined analytically for formal similarities, close phylogenetic relatives have been examined for continuity, and simpler species have been analyzed for the broadest view of functional organization. All these strategies require empirical evidence of what is variable and predictable in both the modeled and the model species. Turning to humans, allometric analyses of the evolution of brain mass and brain components often return the interesting, but disappointing answer that volumetric organization of the human brain is highly predictable seen in its phylogenetic context. Reconciling this insight with unique human behavior, or any species-typical behavior, represents a serious challenge. Allometric analyses of the order and duration of mammalian neural development show that, while basic neural development in humans is allometrically predictable, conforming to adult neural architecture, some life history features deviate, notably that weaning is unusually early. Finally, unusual deviations in the retina and central auditory system in the laboratory mouse, which is widely assumed to be “generic,” as well as severe deviations from expected brain allometry in some mouse strains, underline the need for a deeper understanding of phylogenetic variability even in those systems believed to be best understood.

Human Perfection and Contemporary Enhancement Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-40
Author(s):  
Jesús Parra-Sáez
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Enhancement Technologies

Human perfection has been one of the main objectives of the human species since the appearance of Homo sapiens, but contemporary biomedical technologies represent a promise to achieve it in the near future. In view of the new possibilities offered by new technologies, a scientific-philosophical theoretical debate has emerged between those who are in favor of its use on humanity for non-therapeutic purposes (posthumanists) and those who reject it (bioconservatives). In this chapter, the so-called “enhancement technologies,” the problems derived from their use with the aim of radically altering human abilities, and some of the most recent practical cases that have transcended the theoretical debate about their legitimacy are analyzed.

scholarly journals Twins in Nature, Science, and Society

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (S2) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
L. Gedda
Keyword(s):  
Special Study ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Biological Time ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Do So

Rome is certainly one of the places in the world which speaks to us of twins more than any other, and, in Rome itself, the Capitoline Hall of the Horatii and Guriatii triplets. From the myth of Romulus and Remus, history gradually passes through the tale of the triplets from Rome and Albalonga, who prevented a bigger war, up to the memory of the Emperor-philosopher Marcus Aurelius, who had twin sons.Today, however, not only legend and history deal with twins, but also science and particularly demography and genetics do so as well.Demography discovers constants in the frequency of the phenomenon of twins, and this presents characteristic variabilities which aid in reconstructing the ethnological events of the human species. The example of Italy is characteristic (see sketch on the cover of the book).Genetics has found in twins a special motif of interest, in that about one-third of the twins are identical, that is, they have the same hereditary patrimony. On the basis of this phenomenon, twins hereditarily different are also utilized, and special study methods have been set up. The study of twins today opens up in a special way a new field of Genetics, of which they represent the most important and demonstrative test: the heredity of biological time, or Chronogenetics.

Ephemeral Spaces and Pneumatic Architecture: The Films of Nikolaus Geyrhalter

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-155
Author(s):  
Fatima Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The Austrian director Nikolaus Geyrhalter’s films consistently thematize linear perspective as a mode of thought. His documentaries use one-point perspective to draw attention to a scientific habitus, with its studied neutrality and foregrounded objectivity. His “partitive images” home in on the fleeting relation of part to whole, revealing the difficulty of understanding large concepts such as the West or the human species through such supposedly objective images. This article also discusses the connection between Geyrhalter’s photographic mode and sophisticated technological processes. It looks at architecture as an organizing element in relation to Bernd Becher and Hilla Becher’s nomadic typologies and the pneumatic architecture of the 1960s and 1970s, with special attention to the films Unser täglich Brot (Our Daily Bread, 2005), Abendland (Occident, 2011), and Homo Sapiens (2016).

scholarly journals KAJIAN PSIKOALISIS DALAM NOVEL CINTA TAK PERNAH TEPAT WAKTU KARYA PUTHUT EA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Meli Kusmawati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Real ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Timely Work

Abstrak:             Penulisan ini untuk mengetahui tokoh Aku yang mengalami luka karena dikhianati dan ditinggalkan oleh kekasihnya sehingga ia mengalami konflik batin.  Pembaca diberi gambaran untuk terus berjalan meskipun deretan ironi telah banyak melukai. Novel ini memiliki aspek-aspek yang sangat menarik untuk dikaji.  Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana aspek-aspek prikoanalisi (yang nyata, yang imajiner,  dan yang simbolik)dAalam Novel Cinta Tak Pernah Tepat Waktu karya Puthut EA . Berdasarkan rumusan masalah tersebut,  penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aspek-aspek psikoanilisis yang terdapat dalam Novel Cinta Tak Pernah Tepat Waktu karya EA.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif untuk menghasilkan data berupa berupa deskriptif.  Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data antara lain: metode dokumentasi,  metode telaah,  dan metode studi perpustakaan.  Sesuai terkumpul akan dianalisis dengan tekhnik deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian ini adalah novel Cinta Tak Pernah Tepat Waktu karya Puthut EA mengandung aspek-aspek psikoanalisi.  Aspek-aspek psikoanalisis yang terdapat dalam novel ini dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu: yang nyata(rasa kenyamanan pada tokoh Aku) yang imajiner (rasa kehilangan pada tokoh Aku),  yang simbolik (rasa keinginan pada tokoh Aku)Setiap karya sastra pada dasarnya mengandung aspek-aspek yang dapat memberikan manfaat sebagai pedoman bagi pembacanya sehingga hendaknya karya-karya sastra dapat diapresiasikan secara maksimal. Novel ini berisi pengalaman tokoh Aku beserta hikmah yang dapat dipetik dalam kehidupan. Abstrak:             The writing was to know the figure of I who was injured by being betrayed and abandoned by his lover so that he suffered an inner conflict.  Readers are given an overview to keep going though a row of irony has hurt a lot. The Novel has very interesting aspects to be studied.  The problem discussed in this study is how the Prikoanalyisi aspects (the real, the imaginary, and the symbolic) dAalam Novel Love never punctual the work of Puthut EA. Based on the problem, this research aims to describe the aspects of psychoanilisis in the Novel Love never-timely work of EA.  This type of research is qualitative research to produce a descriptive form of data.  Methods used in data collection include: Documentation methods, study methods, and library studies methods.  The appropriate collected will be analyzed with descriptive technology.  The results of this research are novel love never timely work by Puthut EA contains psychoanalyisi aspects.  The psychoanalytical aspects contained in the novel are divided into three, namely: the real (sense of comfort on the figure of me) the imaginary (the loss of my character), the symbolic (sense of desire on the figure of me) every literary work essentially Contains aspects that can provide benefits as a guideline for its readers so that the literary works can be maximally appreciated. This Novel contains the experience of the character I and the wisdom that can be learned in life.

scholarly journals MENGULIK SISI KETERLAMBATAN PENYERAPAN ANGGARAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Ika Anisa Putri ◽  
Andriana Andriana ◽  
Kartika Kartika ◽  
Indah Purnamawati ◽  
Alfi Arif
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Services ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Public Sector Accounting ◽  
The University ◽  
Organizational Requirements

ABSTRACTThis research aims to examine and investigate in depth about the causes of the absorption of delays that occur in the Central University of Jember University. This research begins with the uneasiness of the phenomenon that occurs in the Central UKM University of Jember will be a delay in the absorption of the budget. This problem certainly has an impact on funds used temporarily to meet pre-event needs. Even more so if the funds needed are large. In addition, this delay in budget absorption also results in suboptimal activities carried out and has an impact on the University of Jember, specifically related to one of the principles of GUG (Good University Governance), namely the principle of responsibility which indicates the extent to which the process of providing public services carried out by Jember University, is it already in accordance with administrative and organizational requirements that are true and in accordance with statutory regulations. This research is qualitative research using ethnomethodology study methods. The results showed that the cause of the delay in budget absorption was due to the delay in the submission of TOR, unpreparedness in the implementation of SIMAWA, the existence of a long bureaucratic process plus a clash of busyness from the approval party, delay in SPJ collection, accumulation of activity programs at the end of the year, and the number of activity programs proposed by Central UKM of Jember University.Keywords: Public Sector Accounting, Budget Absorption, Good University Governance (GUG) ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah dan menelisik secara mendalam tentang penyebab keterlambatan penyerapan yang terjadi pada UKM Pusat Universitas Jember. Penelitian ini berawal dari adanya keresahan fenomena yang terjadi pada UKM Pusat Universitas Jember akan keterlambatan dalam penyerapan anggaran. Adanya permasalahan ini tentu saja berdampak pada dana-dana yang digunakan sementara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pra acara. Terlebih lagi jika dana yang dibutuhkan dalam nominal yang besar. Selain itu keterlambatan penyerapan anggaran ini juga mengakibatkan tidak optimalnya kegiatan yang dilaksanakan serta berdampak pada Universitas Jember, khsusunya terkait dengan salah satu prinsip GUG (Good University Goververnance) yaitu prinsip responsibilitas yang menunjukkan sejauh mana proses pemberian pelayanan publik yang dilakukan oleh Universitas Jember, apakah sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan administrasi dan organisasi yang benar dan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode studi etnometodologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab keterlambatan penyerapan anggaran dikarenakan keterlambatan dalam pengajuan TOR, ketidaksiapan dalam penerapan SIMAWA, adanya proses birokrasi yang panjang ditambah benturan kesibukan dari pihak approval, keterlambatan pengumpulan SPJ, penumpukan program kegiatan di akhir tahun, dan banyaknya program kegiatan yang diusulkan oleh UKM Pusat Universitas Jember.Kata kunci: Akuntansi Sektor Publik, Penyerapan Anggaran, Good University Governance (GUG)

scholarly journals Dampak Covid-19 terhadap Tren Belajar dan Bermain Anak Tingkat Sekolah Dasar di Gampong Beurawe

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Nila Rauzana ◽  
Yuni Setia Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Case Study Methods

The purpose of this study is to know the effect of Covid-19 on the trend of elementary school children learning and playing that recognized by their parents. This research uses case study methods and qualitative research approaches to gain information on the effect of Covid-19 on the trend of playing and learning. For confidentiality identity, respondents were given the initials R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and up to R20. The interview was conducted by asking the respondents one by one. the results showed that the level of achievement had decreased and there was a new learning trend. Online learning causes students and parents to adapt to this learning model. In addition, playing games on cellphones has also become the most favorite games during this pandemic.

scholarly journals Muscles of Facial Expression in Extinct Species of the Genus Homo

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Tozzi
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Homo Neanderthalensis ◽  
Genus Homo ◽  
Levator Labii Superioris ◽  
Mimetic Muscles

ABSTRACTWe display a detailed description of mimetic muscles in extinct human species, framed in comparative and phylogenetic contexts. Using known facial landmarks, we assessed the arrangement of muscles of facial expression in Homo sapiens, neanderthalensis, erectus, heidelbergensis and ergaster. In modern humans, several perioral muscles are proportionally smaller in size (levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major and triangularis) and/or located more medially (levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor and quadratus labii inferioris) than in other human species. As mimetic musculature is examined in the most ancient specimens up to the most recent, there is a general trend towards an increase in size of corrugator supercillii and triangularis. Homo ergaster’s mimetic musculature closely resembles modern Homo, both in size and in location; furthermore, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis share many muscular features. The extinct human species had an elaborate and highly graded facial communication system, but it remained qualitatively different from that reported in modern Homo. Compared with other human species, Homo sapiens clearly exhibits a lower degree of facial expression, possibly correlated with more sophisticated social behaviours and with enhanced speech capabilities. The presence of anatomical variation among species of the genus Homo raises important questions about the possible taxonomic value of mimetic muscles.

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