scholarly journals Evolution of Russia’s ‘Others’ in Presidential Discourse in 2000–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-79
Author(s):  
Veera Laine
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Presidential Rhetoric ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Presidential Discourse ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

In this chapter, the Others of Russia, reoccurring in the presidential discourse in 2000–2020, will be analysed. The key speeches reveal three distinctive ‘Others’ of the Russian state and nation, evolving in space and time: first, an ineffective politician in the 1990s, and, later, a corrupt bureaucrat, is framed as historical and internal Other, whose figure legitimizes the current power. Second, the metaphor of constant competition in the international relations describes the Other as economically stronger developed Western country, against which Russia’s ‘backwardness’ is mirrored, especially in the early 2000s. As the economic competition becomes harder to win and the quest for national unity intensifies, the emphasis turns to the third Other, the one holding fundamentally different values than the Self. Thus, it is argued that the metaphor of competition/conflict between Russia and its Others has undergone a qualitative transformation in the presidential rhetoric, reflecting change in Russia’s relative strength: instead of the previously admired economic performance, the times of conflict show that Russia’s true strength vis-à-vis its Others resides in the conservative, moral values and military might.

Indian and Russian Tolstoy: one among strangers and a stranger among one’s

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Klimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Indian Thought ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Lev Tolstoy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice ◽  
The Church ◽  
Peculiar Phenomenon

The article examines the phenomenon of the late Lev Tolstoy in the context of his religious position. The author analyzes the reactions to his teaching in Russian state and official Orthodox circles, on the one hand, and Indian thought, on the other. Two sociocultural images of L.N. Tolstoy: us and them that arose in the context of understanding the position of the Russian Church and the authorities and Indian public and religious figures (including Mahatma Gandhi, who was under his influence). A peculiar phenomenon of intellectually usL.N. Tolstoy among culturally them (Indian) correspondents and intellectually them Tolstoy among culturally us (representatives of the official government and the Church of Russia) transpires. The originality of this situation is that these im­ages of Lev Tolstoy arise practically at the same period. The author compares these images, based on the method of defamiliarisation (V. Shklovsky), which allows to visually demonstrate the religious component of Tolstoy’s criticism of the political sphere of life and, at the same time, to understand the psychological reasons for its rejection in Russian official circles. With the methodological help of defamiliarisation the author tries to show that the opinion of Tolstoy (as the writer) becomes at the same time the voice of conscience for many of his con­temporaries. The method of defamiliarisation allowed the author to show how Leo Tolstoy’s inner law of nonviolence influenced the concept of non­violent resistance in the teachings of Gandhi.

scholarly journals Embedding Anglocentric Perceptions of the World: The Falklands-Malvinas Binomial in the News

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Valdeón
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
English Edition ◽  
Internet News ◽  
News Service ◽  
News Events ◽  
Global Language ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
The Guardian

This paper aims to examine the clash between languages and cultures as identified in the treatment of news events, with particular reference to the Falklands, or Malvinas in their Spanish denomination, in British and Spanish Internet news portals. English, as a global language, and Spanish, as its main European rival, exemplify a conflict between two languages and cultures that attempt to achieve or maintain world dominance, a battle that has been taken to the Internet arena in recent years. Thus,El Paísnewspaper launched an English version for their Internet readers whereas the BBC produced a Spanish version of its English news service.The conflict between the two languages is decisive when reporting on highly sensitive areas in each culture, such as the issue of Gibraltar’s sovereignty or the news events originating in or around the Falkland Islands. The paper pays particular attention to the latter and the way in which translation is embedded within or is part of the conflict itself. For that purpose, the paper surveys the reports posted in the Spanish news web sitesAbc,El País,andEl Mundo, on the one hand, and the English portals ofThe Guardian,The Times,Daily Telegraph,The Independentand the BBC on the other. The results will be compared with the translated news in the English edition ofEl Paísand in the Spanish version of the BBC (BBCMundo) respectively to determine the position of the two media with regards to this issue.

scholarly journals Transformation of the Image Status of the Penal System in the Context of the Cyclical Political Genesis of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
Roman A. Romashov ◽  
Vladislav Yu. Panchenko ◽  
Ilyas A. Ermolaev ◽  
Larisa A. Petruchak
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Prison System ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
The One

Introduction: being a structural and functional element of the state mechanism (a kind of “state within the state”), the prison system is transforming along with it. Accordingly, the image status of the prison itself and representatives of “prison authorities” and “prison population” is also changing. We bring to the fore the problem of understanding the term “system” in the context of the image status of the social system in general and the penal system in particular. We highlight the formation of semantic images and image statuses on the example of three social institutions (school, army, prison), which are similar in terms of parametric characteristics and functioning and qualitatively different in image status. The article comprehensively examines the bipolar image of the penal system: on the one hand, prison is inextricably linked with human misfortune, an evil that cannot be treated positively; on the other hand, as an instrument of state law enforcement policy, the prison guarantees the inevitability of punishment for a crime, ensuring the execution of punishment, protecting law-abiding citizens, which is a good thing for society and the state. Research materials and methods: the features of formation and functioning of the image status of the Russian penal (“prison”) system are considered in the context of the concept of cyclic political genesis. In accordance with this concept, in relation to the history of the unified Russian state, three cycles should be distinguished (imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet). Within the framework of each, Russia was represented by qualitatively different forms of state government, economic order, social structure, etc. At the same time, in such “different” Russian states, there were different models of prison systems, the formation and functioning of which, as well as the transformation of the image status, was carried out under the influence of state prison policy and under the influence of public consciousness (national mentality). Results: the current state of the Russian penal system can be described as transitional. Along with the legacy of the “Soviet past”, we observe serious changes proceeding from democratization and humanization of the political and legal system of the Russian Federation. Transformation of the image of the penal system is aimed at increasing the level of openness and forming a positive opinion about the functioning of the penitentiary system (the Concept for development until 2030). It is important that in the public consciousness the image of the penal system as a predominantly punitive prison system gradually be replaced by the idea of it as a penitentiary system, which is concerned primarily with “revival of the essence of humanity” in a person through awareness and repentance. As for the image status of employees of the penal system, the state can optimize it first of all by equalizing their official status with that of military personnel and special services employees, who, like representatives of the prison system, serve the Russian state, but are in a privileged position in relation to them. Increasing the prestige of the service in the penal system in the eyes of actual or potential employees implies the rejection of such differentiation.

scholarly journals THE CRITICISM OF LITERALISM IN READING THE QUR'AN THROUGH NASR HAMID ABU ZAYD HERMENEUTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naupal Naupal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

Abu Zayd believes that understanding the Qur'an is not limited to explanations or comments. It involves an interpretation process for capturing the significance (maghza) from the literal text. Interpretation also requires a presupposition that the Qur'an itself does not produce literal absolutes and certainty. The presupposition needs an interpretation that illustrates the possibility of accepting the diversity of Qur'anic interpretations in the times. By using Abu Zayd's hermeneutics, the Qur'an is an icon of Islam and at the same time a representation of Arab culture itself which is not necessarily literally absolute, but is open to interpretation. Hans Georg Gadamer's hermeneutic circle that inspired Hermeneutics of Abu Zayd emphasized that in understanding and applying the meanings of the text, the subject played a role in the text rather than the other way around. This study aims to open opportunities that the Qur'an on the one hand is an objective thing seen from the content of its truth, that is seen from its universal message, but on the other hand it is subjective, because it is bound by the interpretation of the text. This research is also intended to avoid the sacredness of the ordination of a single interpretation of the Qur'an which has resulted in the emergence of fundamentalism which has recently become so prevalent in global Islamic societies, not least in Indonesia.

scholarly journals C-Shaped configuration of the canal in mandibular molars: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Marikinda Manzoor ◽  
Deepak Kumar Sharma ◽  
Manu Bansal ◽  
Krishna Popat ◽  
Rakhshunda Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Canal Morphology

The primary concern of this case report is to discuss and review the different etiological features of c shaped canals, with its incidence, along with anatomical features, diagnosis and management of the c shaped configuration of the canal in the molars of the mandibular arch. Literature revealed that c shaped canal configuration is slightly a different variation that has a predilection towards the racial and most of the times or most commonly is seen in mandibular molars that too most commonly in second molar of the mandibular arch. This morphology when present in the canal may posses difficulty in shaping of the canal, cleaning of the canal as well as debridement of the canal along with obturation of the canal. The one of the most common way in the management of this c shaped canal morphology is done by with the help of usage of rotary instruments and can also with the use of hand instruments that too assisted with sonics as well as ultrasonics.

scholarly journals The Management Mode and Personnel Quality of International Students Management in Colleges and Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yuhong Chen ◽  
Xiaozhuo Huo ◽  
Nannan Chen
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Mode ◽  
Internationalization Of Education ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

<p>The education system of colleges and universities is in the process of reform, and the internationalization of education has become a major trend of development. The number of foreign students is increasing, so the management of foreign students must be reformed. According to the current situation, in the management of foreign students, on the one hand, we should carry out a new management mode for foreign students in accordance with the requirements of the times; on the other hand, we should pay attention to improving the comprehensive quality of foreign students and those who stay in China.</p>

scholarly journals Book Review "Friedrich Engels: Pemikiran dan Kritik" (Friedrich Engels: Thought and Criticism)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlina Dwi Oktafiah ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Main Question ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Times ◽  
Scientific Fields

Not infrequently people only know Friedrich Engels as the scribe of Karl Marx. His only job was to collect, retype Marx's papers and give them to publishers. Some books describe him as an amateur writer, limited in his abilities and unable to adapt to Marx's thinking. That is why the editor of this book, Dede Mulyanto, compiled the anthology "Behind Marx: The Characters and Thoughts of Friedrich Engels" published by Marjin Kiri a few months ago.In general, the book introduces Engels' life and thought, and explores his relationship to Marx in a way that does not simply place him within or under Marx. In this book, we will realize that Engels was not only a loyal friend but also provided the impetus and avenue for Marx to write and publish his work. Not only was he the saddest person at the time of Marx's death, but he also didn't even have time to finish the Das Kapital masterpiece. In addition, we also see Engels' persistence in compiling Marx's research notes and compiling them to produce a series of publications, including Das Kapital and Das Kapital.We also gain a deeper understanding of Engels, as explained in the brief description by Sylvia Tiwon in the introduction to the book, as a theorist who developed the theory of historical materialism into scientific fields outside of economics and struggled with the latest scientific discoveries of his time.This book exists to restore Engels' figures and thoughts and to place them accordingly. It is a challenge to reintroduce the image and ideas of Engels to Indonesian readers today, not only in formal legal aspects, such as prohibiting the spread of Marxist ideas through TAP MPR/Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (Resolution People's Consultative Assembly) No. 25 of 1966 but also in the theoretical aspects of Marxism itself. As we know MPR/Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (People's Consultative Assembly) decree 25 of 1966 is a product of the highest law of the times and has acted as an integrating mechanism and effective conflict resolution to address the nation's breakdown after the G30S / PKI 1965, which devastated national unity. With the MPRS decree, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) was dissolved and declared a prohibited organization throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia and a ban was imposed on any activities to spread or develop the understanding or teachings of Communism/Marxism-Leninism. When studying the thinking of this German man, the main question that often arises is: Why does Engels need to be studied? Why didn't Engels study Marx's thinking right away? The ideological leanings of neo-Marxist scientists further exacerbated this situation. They hoped that by identifying Engels as the culprit of the extreme and rigid interpretation, Marx's theory was freed from the bad thoughts of Soviet determination.

scholarly journals PESANTREN SALAF: PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DAN SUBLIMASI IDENTITAS DENGAN KOMBINASI TASAWUF, FIQIH DAN TAUHID (Model Pesantren di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Muhammad Solahudin ◽  
Ecep Ismail ◽  
Irwan Abdurrohman
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
West Java ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

On the one hand, in the environment of the Pesantren salaf community, a kind of environment and tradition is formed which shows its unique, even unique characteristics, which are only understood by the community. Gus Dur, in this case, stated that the Pesantren salaf community is a community that has its own subcultural in the middle of society with the complexity of the problems in it. But on the other hand, there is a very rapid development of science and technology, so it demands pesantren salaf to make changes to adjust to the times, both in terms of the education system, the boarding school environment, institutions, leadership patterns, and others. Therefore, the study contained in the title "Pesantren Salaf: Social Change and Sublimation of Identity (Pesantren Model in West Java)", is very important to be carried out.The purpose of this study is none other than to find the concept of changes that occur in Pesantren salaf in West Java. For more details, they are: 1) uncovering the factors that drive changes in pesantren in West Java; 2) reveal pesantren's efforts in facing the challenges of the times, and 3) find forms of changes that occur in the Pesantren salaf in West Java.This research departs from a thought that social change will occur due to four things. First, Evolution. This theory states that humans as part of a cultured society will naturally develop gradually from simple forms to complex and perfect stages. Second, Conflict. This theory strongly believes that change will only occur if there is conflict. Third. Functional Theory. Social change occurs because of the disharmony between cultural elements. Fourth, Cycle Theory. Social change by itself will occur and cannot be controlled.The method used in this research is descriptive. In the process, the data is collected and compiled. After the data is collected and arranged in such a way, the authors analyze it and provide interpretation, with a qualitative approach. So that it is expected to be able to uncover the realities of the Pesantren salaf which are changing in the community.The results of the study stated that the Pesantren salaf can adapt well to social change by bringing up certain identities. This shift in identity needs to be examined and studied through the theory of action put forward by Max Weber. First, zweckrational. This theory is known as rational-purpose. In doing something always with a good and accurate calculation. Second, wertrational or rational-values. The involvement of the subject is directly involved in matters of absolute importance. The four traditionalists. This theory of action rests on established and established customs or traditions. Traditionalist theories respect existing authority.

scholarly journals WSPÓŁCZESNE UWARUNKOWANIA PLANOWANIA STRATEGICZNEGO ROZWOJU SPOŁECZNO-GOSPODARCZEGO MIASTA – WYBRANE ASPEKTY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Dorota Małgorzata Rynio
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
City Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Living Space ◽  
New Information ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

In the times of quick and widespread changes, innovations and new ways of city management, new approaches to planning of strategic development of urban entities are expected. Therefore there is a continuing search for possibilities of acquiring new information about the city market and ways to shape it, residents’ participation and involvement, and also creating city openness. Urban centres are not closed entities but they have strong relations with the local, domestic and global markets. There is a search for new directions and priorities in strategic planning of social and economic development, while the established goals follow consultations, workshops and meetings of various groups of urban stakeholders. The consequences of long-term implementation of a city’s image as open is, on the one hand, its recognisability, yet – on the other one – the experience of positive and negative effects of the implementation. The purpose of the study is to identify selected contemporary conditions of strategic planning of a city’s social and economic development, emphasising – in particular – the bases for creating a city’s openness, including the related opportunities and hazards. Another intention is to highlight innovative ways of collecting market information about needs and aspirations of city users, as well as to form the residents’ attitude towards their involvement in the development of their living space. The applied research methods include literature studies, benchmarking and reasoning.

The Paradoxes of Religious Consciousness: Leo Tolstoy in the Philosophical Criticism of Nicholai Berdyaev

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Olga A. Zhukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Strategy ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Philosophical Criticism ◽  
Critical Interpretation ◽  
The One ◽  
Sharp Criticism ◽  
Main Ideas

The article is devoted to the analysis of N.A. Berdyaev’s perception of L.N. Tol­stoy’s work. Berdyaev’s philosophical criticism of the writer requires close at­tention and research because it allows us to formulate the most important ques­tion about philosophical vocabulary of Russian religious thinker. The essay examines not only Berdyaev’s critical interpretation of Tolstoy in its movement, but also the personal perception by the philosopher of Tolstoy as a great Russian writer. This paper explores the evolution of Berdyaev’s views on the problem of religious consciousness of Leo Tolstoy. I reveal the structural elements of Berdyaev’s personalistic metaphysics and analyze the main ideas of his eschato­logical ethics from the perspective of philosophical criticism of Tolstoy. I con­sider the modus of Berdyaev’s assessment of Tolstoy’s nihilism and discuss the ambiguity and complexity of Berdyaev’s attitude to the writer and religious thinker. This problem manifested itself, on the one hand, in Berdyaev’s identify­ing himself as a Russian thinker and a heir to the tradition of Solovyov, Dosto­evsky and Tolstoy, on the other hand, in sharp criticism of Tolstoy for his role in the crisis of Russian religious consciousness, which had irreversible conse­quences for the Russian state and society. This analysis proposes a new opinion on philosophical criticism of Berdyaev, as distinct from the traditional version, and introduces the thesaurus research strategy on Berdyaev’s religious philosophy.

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