scholarly journals Design, Fabrication and Construction of Cupola Furnace for Metallurgical Industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Zone ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Cupola Furnace ◽  
Fireclay Refractory ◽  
Internal Configuration ◽  
Refractory Bricks

A 350 kilogram per hour capacity Cupola Furnace was designed and fabricated from locally available materials for the production of cast iron using pig iron, oily or contaminated steel scraps, foundry returns and fluxes. The main fuel used is metallurgical coke. After analyzing the design parameters, the metallic shells were fabricated in four segments for easy lining: the stack zone, preheating zone, combustion zone and the hearth. Mild steel sheet of 4 mm thickness was procured, marked out as per the design drawing, sliced, rolled into cylindrical shapes and welded together at each seam. The internal configuration was lined first with asbestos paper measuring 4 mm thick using water-glass to enable it adhere to the internal shell of the segments, thereafter, a less dense insulating refractory material was used and finally fireclay refractory bricks were used for lining as they interface directly with the molten metal. The various segments were then assembled and erected with the blower connected to the combustion zone. The research work also contains the materials and components bill.

scholarly journals Cupola Furnace Design and Fabrication for Industrial Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Y. Ochejah ◽  
Ocheri Cyril ◽  
Ikani F. Omaone ◽  
Adejoh F. Ogwudubi ◽  
Oyibo A. Onakemu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cupola Furnace ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Materials Used

The Cupola Furnace Capacity of 450 kilograms per hour was designed and fabricated using locally sourced raw materials which include pig irons, crop ends and foundry shop returns, and ferroalloys for the production of quality cast iron which depends on the customer’s demand. Metallurgical coke is the main fuel source employed for the production processes. The design parameters were analyzed and the metallic shells were then fabricated into four sections to allow proper lining. A mild 5 mm thick steel sheet was collected, marked out according to the required specification. slit and formed into cylindrical shapes. The sections were coupled and joined together through a welding process. Sodium silicate was used as a binder to make them bondable to the interior sections, the internal configurations were first lined with asbestos sheets measured 5 mm thick. with a less dense insulating refractory material. Fireclay refractory bricks were used for furnishing as they directly interfaced with the molten metal, while the flame blower was connected, assembled, and erected in the different segments. Financial analysis was performed to give a general overview of the cost of manufacturing and building a cupola furnace produced locally at N1,467,266.00, which is relatively cheap compared to the imported ones. The technical details were given for the production processes. The raw materials used were sourced locally as they are readily available in quantum and are essential to the government policies on adding values to the production processes by using these materials to promote the addition of these materials for the creation of local content.

Production of SG Grade Pig Iron in Mini Blast Furnace

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 3174-3180
Author(s):  
Madan Mohan Mahato ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Agrawal ◽  
Sharda Nand Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Slag Chemistry ◽  
Capital Intensive

The entire life of a Blast furnace operator is spent to achieve the following aims: • To increase the productivity of Blast Furnace as high as possible. • To decrease the coke rate as low as possible to produce unit ton of hot metal. • To produce the hot metal of superior SG quality with particular reference to Sulphur & Silicon. • To keep the production cost as low as possible. The process indices of Mini Blast Furnace are similar to that of a conventional blast furnace. But, conventional blast furnace is capital intensive, solely dependent on good quality metallurgical coke, the gestation period is longer, and requires elaborate burden preparation. There is huge gap between demand and supply of steel in India. Also, India is dreaming to become developed nation by 2020. In such situations, the role of Mini Blast Furnace becomes very important. The slag chemistry is an important parameter to improve the process indices of MBF. The slag chemistry includes its chemical composition, liquidus temperature, fluidity, Sulphide capacity etc, which has an important bearing on the smooth & efficient operation of the MBF. The main important constituent of SG grade pig iron, particularly, Sulphur & silicon content should be 0.040% maximum and 1.20% to 2.20% maximum respectively. The chemical compositions of SG Grade Pig Iron is C- 3.80-4.20%, Mn – 0.35- 0.80%, Si – 1.20- 2.20%, S - 0.040% maximum and P – 0.15% maximum. The role of slag to produce such a low sulphur & low silicon in Mini Blast Furnace is very important. Therefore, to control Sulphur and silicon in SG Grade Pig Iron in Mini Blast Furnace, the optimisation of Slag Chemistry is an essential step.

A Novel Absorption Regeneration-Thermodynamic Heat Engine Cycle

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nimmo ◽  
R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
First Order ◽  
Important Design ◽  
Heat Engine Cycle

This paper introduces and provides a first order thermal cycle analysis of a new power plant design, the absorption-regeneration power cycle. Preliminary analysis indicates that this new cycle may have potential for increased operating efficiencies compared to the modified Rankine cycle presently in use for most stationary electrical power production. Graphs are presented to illustrate calculated efficiencies as well as some important design parameters of the cycle. Research work on extending presently available thermo-chemical data required to improve the model analysis is suggested.

scholarly journals Impact of Geometry Effects on Artery Stent Deployment Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Stent Design ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Stent Deployment ◽  
Strut Thickness ◽  
Maximum Expansion

Intravascular stenting is the leading treatment procedure for atherosclerotic coronary heart diseases. Among the various procedures, it is simpler and faster with a high initial success rate. Stent design, stent material, and clinical procedure decide the efficacy and life of stents. Strut thickness and crown radius are two essential design parameters that dictate expansion characteristics of stents. This research work discusses computational analysis of a specific stent, to explore the influence of thickness of strut on the deployment characteristics like stress/strain, foreshortening, recoil, and dog boning. The optimum stent design is one which gives maximum expansion with minimum stress distribution, dogboning, and elastic recoil. Five similar stent models with thickness ranges from 65μ to 105µ were modeled and computational method was adopted to simulate the transitory expansion nature of stent/balloon system. The FE results were substantiated with an in-vitro experiment. It was found that strut thickness has a major impact on stent recoil and low impact on foreshortening and dogboning. Foreshortening per unit expansion was almost same for entire models. Strut thickness 70μ to 80μ gives better expansion characteristics for the model under study.

scholarly journals Design Issues and Challenges in Indoor MIMO Antenna Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3842-3846
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Mimo Antenna

The promising solution for next generation wireless communication system is multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. It can transmit and receive data from different channels simultaneously without any need of additional frequency band. In this paper the design issues and challenges in MIMO antenna system for different applications have been reviewed. The major applications of MIMO systems include Wi-Fi, High Speed Packet Access, LTE, WiMAX (4G), and also MIMO has been used in power line communication. Implementation of MIMO antenna system is dependent on important parameters such as: Peak gain, Average Gain, Mutual Coupling, Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Signal polarization and Miniaturization of antenna system. Hence an optimal MIMO antenna design to suit for communication applications in an indoor environment is a challenging task. This paper proposes comparative study for the different MIMO antenna parameters. The different modeling techniques for MIMO antenna system are surveyed and areas for future research work in line with tradeoffs between different design parameters are suggested.

scholarly journals Strength of the flexural joint of mortar joints and solid fired clay brick prisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2139 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
N Afanador García ◽  
G Guerrero Gómez ◽  
C Nolasco Serna
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Semiautomatic Machine ◽  
Clay Brick

Abstract Masonry constructions built with mortar and solid fired clay bricks are subject to: high cement content, excessive water-cement ratio causing problems of mortar shrinkage during curing and differential movements between the brick and mortar caused by movements due to wind or seismic events. Earth movements generate some failures in simple masonry walls and confined masonry in solid brick joints, mainly with failure inclination angles varying from 45 degrees to 50 degrees. The objective of this research work was to estimate the flexural bond strength of the mortar joint and the solid fired clay brick and thus establish design parameters for non-structural masonry in the municipality of Ocanña, Colombia. From the fired clay brick manufacturers, 18 in total, simple random sampling was used to determine the sample size, 4 manufacturers were randomly selected. In addition, the characterization of the solid fired clay brick units was carried out with respect to their compressive strength, initial absorption rate and final absorption, as well as the mortar with respect to its compressive strength at 28 days, according to the Colombian standard for earthquake resistant constructions; for the determination of the flexural strength of the bonding mortar and solid brick units, a semiautomatic machine for flexural strength testing of masonry units, Pinzuar model PC-13, with a force measurement of 1000 N and an accuracy of 0.1 N, was designed. The flexural strength at the masonry joint was obtained for mortar type M with a value of 0.26 MPa, with a standard deviation of 0.01 MPa and a coefficient of variation of 4.72%. As for mortars type N and S, the average strength value was equal to 0.24 MPa for the two types of mortar, with standard deviation of 0.03 MPa and 0.01 MPa respectively, and coefficient of variation of 11.4% and 3.18% respectively. Given the importance of the variables, an interpretation of physical of the relationship between the properties was made: compressive strength of the solid fired clay brick and flexural strength at the masonry joint, since their average values were similar.

Analysis of Swage Autofrettage in Metal Tube

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzaal Malik ◽  
Muddasar Khan ◽  
Badar Rashid ◽  
Shahab Khushnood
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Metal Tube ◽  
Fatigue Lifetime ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Simulation Based

Autofrettage (self-hooping) is used to induce advantageous residual stresses into pressure vessels to enhance their fatigue lifetime. The process is achieved by increasing elastic strength of a cylinder with various methods such as hydraulic pressurization, mechanical swaging, or by utilizing the pressure of a powder gas. This research work deals with the swage or mechanical autofrettage of metal tubes. The objective is to attain a bore size of 125mm. Normally such a bore size is achieved with hydraulic autofrettage. However, we have used two-stage mechanical autofrettage to achieve the desired bore size. At first stage the swage diameter achieved is 118mm, and in the second stage, the diameter achieved after machining is 125mm. The temperature variation for swage is 38°C to 50°C. The applied pressure varies from 85 to 180 bars inside the tube. The process was applied to a number of tubes selected randomly. The swage autofrettage process was also analyzed using numerical simulation based on finite element method. The results of numerical simulation are compared with design parameters.

Fracturing Process Technique of Low-Permeability Gas Deposit in Zhongyuan Oilfield

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 3253-3256
Author(s):  
Liang Kan ◽  
Jiu Zhou Sun ◽  
Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Effective Development

Zhongyuan Oilfield is featured by low gas reservoir pressure, long perforation distance and bad well condition of some wells. Rimming at setting these problems and realizing effective development of the reservoir, research work on enhancing recovery techniques suitable for the reservoir condition was carried out. The optimized fracturing design parameters and operation methods, along with the propping agent slug and the optimal perforation techniques, greatly improved the accuracy rate of fracturing parameters design, the successful operation ratio, and the fracturing effects. By optimizing the low damage fracturing fluid adaptable for different kinds of gas reservoir and adopting techniques such as comprehensive protection, segregated gel breaking and hard closing of fractures in operation, the reservoir damage by the fluid was extremely decreased.

scholarly journals HIGH-TEMPERATURE MODELING OF GAS FLOW AND COKE IN A COMBUSTION ZONE OF CUPOLA FURNACE

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
A. V. Feoktistov ◽  
A. G. Chernyatevich ◽  
E. V. Protopopov ◽  
E. A. Chubina ◽  
N. S. Kramar’ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Combustion Zone ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Cupola Furnace ◽  
Temperature Modeling
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